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The Patwin and Their Neighbors THE PATWIN AND THEIR NEIGHBORS A. L. KROEBER ~UNrrVmRTY oiw CALiFoRNIA PuBuroATroxsix~ Awn.IRtYowoY AND ETHNOLOGY Volume 29, No., 4, pp. 253-423, 6 figures in text I map UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 1932 .. t..- - :: ~ ;0 :. BAON O U D- .- A M~hoose VA L Anholoie. tAA Amican Antbropologit.s rAA-E< Aericazi. vAnthropoiol Assoiation, Memoi'A'rs AAcl4~ fffl Anthr4Ok-ie., ABS-P~ Amria +tnioial SocetY, Pblications.- * AG HthBropolbgicheAn Gse7ehaftinWien,tP Mttungen4 00WX X,. + Amica :ti~nJ. of Physica Authrp9og. >- -0 AiV0fl; AnifXeriCal ]¢ M-iseniu of latua History---; ::?M- -: ;Memois.e I e khdt, BA1BAT-1WMmrsuea of A; ieriCanEthuoloty- 0W -'''(Ann;< , .,' U al) Reprt.; - ;:- :- a Qo-nt..-rlbutioW to-1roithh Amescn tWilog..- -CU-(iA - ColumbiaUiversiy Gotrbuiosto; Mtltopolo-g- :PMNH:.. .Fsied Mi itumofNaura.lHsorg: i ..0.--; ';-' .PASe Pubr'-; l icatins, A trplgc Series.... AZ? -1W itertIQalesn M~~emoirs. -' f' rBthno,- plre. IA-W BA PueAf.th/tern.aWoa1Oongres>of;> men- Ameicaits'.Ao0 (Comptest* Rend .--- . 1JAL I;t.-rnati.. al Journal of American Linguisti-cs... >JAF'L- Jou-: nal of Amrf ;Poflc-Lore.. -:;.-.-.-.. X . ; JRA0ISI Snz~~GoIth4oniaiUibutuoiou.-.Jora -.0.ofAf-.tl RoyA' Antholgical-Ititute:.: ;. MAIHY-''-.'t' Mi.seix fthe merican IndiAn) ey.?ndtion-i .-; -I indiaC . ,otes ..,i;.., 4INM-,*IAndi,nNe ;aie Moograp'l, PM '"Peabdyor' Msum,(,,f Harvar Unversty)- - , ,BA'4 o t Aie aribAs,EJo gy,. -AR .. ..Annual Reports.{t-- - / - o :--GIC...0: '',-. Contribut.ions to ...........,Knolede......,- :'' -,. -',' ,... .. ,.:.'-.' M-s'e ' .'-'n--.'eous C.ollection'u . :'.,.-.','. .-o--.;b".'s'.. .UI-.-P4A3' -, Unierit:y,of-,Cta1ifona, PublicaKtlQns, in Ae$ca Archaol9g .;Lr,' olk aLd Ethnology. ,*U'P1W<:A ;Uni-J,verMWty. of Pensylvania (Uiverity). Musn Mtro- ,USM ,U .-.itd,;d States Naion""allue;! *IA-A7hRo ieReport.. .;, DW-PA. University 'of W ingt.ub tons i tbr g. lB>- .;.Z..-l,XcSt.:fEsEoh-r-i ..... 'Jn'f' l I.e n THE PATWIN AND THEIR NEIGHBORS BY A. L. KROEBER UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PU1BLIOATIONS IN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY Volume 29, No. 4, pp. 253-423, 6 figures in text, 1 map Issued February 27, 1932 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKEL,Y, CALIFORNIA CAMBRDGE UNIVESITY PRESS LoNDON, ENGLAND CONTENTS PAGE Introduction........................... .253 Ethnicynonyms............................ 256 Orthography............................ 256 Patwin informants............................ 256 Political units............................ 257 River Patwin tribelets........................... 259 Hill Patwin tribelets............................ 262 Salt Pomo............................ 264 Wintun tribelets............................ 264 MaiduValley and neighbors ........................... 266 Occupation of the Sacramento river............................ 269 Migrations ............................ 270 River Patwin culture............................ 271 Dress and behavior............................ 271 Sex............................ 271 Thedead ............................ 272 Society............................ 273 Trade and valuations............................ 273 Games............................ 274 Plant food............................ 275 Animalfood and its taking ........................... 277 Salt and tobacco............................ 280 Weapons............................ 280 Textiles............................ 281 Boats............................ 283 Houses and wells............................ 283 Various implements and processes .. ......................... 283 Timeand astronomy............................ 284 Shamanism............................ 285 Luck, dreams, insanity........................... 288 Hill Patwin culture............................. 289 Dress and manners..................... 289 Death.................... 290 Adolescence.................... 291 Society.................... 291 Valuations.................... 292 Shamanism..................... 292 Houses.................... 293 Animal food.................... 294 Plant food..................... 295 Salt and tobacco.................... 297 Implements.................... 297 War..................... 297 River Patwin war stories ................... 300 Hill Patwin war stories.................... 301 Wintun war stories................... .. 303 [i] PAGE Mythology.............................. 303 The tales.............................. 304 Modern Bole religion.............................. 308 River Patwin statements.............................. 310 Hill Patwin statements.............................. 311 Boledance houses.............................. Kuksu cults.............................. River Patwin Wai-saltu society.............................. 315 Informants' statements.............................. 317 Grizzly-bear ceremony.............................. 321 RiverPatwin Kuksu society.............................. 323 Waik'o.............................. Toto .............................. Informants' statements.............................. 325 RiverPatwin Hesi society.............................. 329 Membership grades.............................. 329 Officials and seats.............................. 332 Spirit impersonations.............................. 336 Season, cycle, and transfers.............................. 340 Separate ceremonies and minor dances.............................. 341 Relation to shamanism .............................. 342 Norther Hill nPatwin cult ............................... 344 Hill Patwin Hesi.............................. Minor cults.............................. Central Hill Patwin cults.............................. 348 Geographical detail.............................. 349 River Patwin.............................. 349 Hill Patwin.............................. 349 LowerLake Pomo.............................. 352 ThreeSouth Patwin documents.............................. 352 1. Sanchez.............................. 2. Simmons.............................. 3. Vallejo.............................. The Wintun.............................. Chiefs.............................. War.............................. Valuations.............................. Dances.............................. Bola .............................. Shamans.............................. Houses.............................. Hunting .............................. 362 Basketry.............................. Settlements.............................. 362 The Salt Pomo.............................. 364 LakeThe Miwok.............................. 366 The Yuki.............................. 370 The Kato .............................. 374 Valley Maidu Kuksu cults.............................. 375 Initiations.............................. 376 Society officials and assistants.................................................................................... 378 Spirit impersonations.................. 379 [ii] PAGE Ceremonialcycle or dance series.............................................. 382 complexGreat ceremonies.............................................. 383 Sacredsingle-spirit ceremonies.............................................. 385 Semi-profane dances with a spirit.............................................. 385 Commondances without spirits.............................................. 386 Regalia.............................................. 388 Various.............................................. 389 MaiduValleygeneral culture.............................................. 390 CaliforniaThe Kuksu cult system.............................................. 391 Processes observable.............................................. 394 Principal local types of the Kuksu cult.............................................. 396 Causes of local differences.............................................. 398 Relative age of the societies.............................................. 401 Indicated historic growths within groups.............................................. 403 Yuki .............................................. 403 Pomo.............................................. 403 Patwin.............................................. 406 andMaiduNisenan .............................................. 407 External relations of the Kuksu cult.............................................. 408 Relations with the Southwest.............................................. 411 SouthernCalifornia cults.............................................. 412 Impersonations in peninsular California.............................................. 414 Miwokbird cult and pota.............................................. 416 Summary of indicated history of Kuksu and related cults................................ 417 General summary.............................................. 420 FIGURES IN TEXT Former1. River Patwin towns in the vicinity of Grimes........................................ 260 modern2.Planofdance house at Cortia.............................................. 294 Plan of3. old and new Tebti on Bartlett creek.............................................. 350 of old4.Plan Koi, in Lower lake.............................................. 353 5. Distribution of Kuksu cult societies and anthropomorphic creator concept 393 Distribution6. of North American cult societies.............................................. 409 MAP Tribelet centers of the Patwin and their neighbors........................................ (at end) [iii] THE PATWIN AND THEIR NEIGHBORS BY A. h KROEBER INTRODUCTION The Patwin are the Indians west of the lower
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