Language Arts IV- Mechanics
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Language Arts Volume 4: Mechanics EXCLAMATION MARK: I. KEY EXPERIENCE Materials: One club One red bead Prepared sentences: ‘I am the best’ ‘This hunt was great’ ‘Tonight we eat’ ‘This kill is mine’ Title labels: Exclamation Mark Key Experience written in red Exclamare (Latin) means ‘to cry out’. written in red Red exclamation marks from the printed alphabet Blank labels Black pen and red pen Children’s notebooks and pencils Presentation: 1. Gather a group of children around a table or rug. 2. Say, “We have been working with periods and question marks. Periods are used to stop sentences that are statements. Question marks are used to stop sentences that ask questions. Today we are going to do more activities with punctuation marks.” Montessori Research and Development © 2004 77 Language Arts Volume 4: Mechanics 3. Say, “In early times, long, long ago, great hunters had competitions to see who among them was the best hunter. Prizes were given, and perhaps the best hunter was given a beautiful club like this (show club). The winner might have raised his club over his head like this to show everyone his great power and excitement at winning. The hunter might have said... (read each sentence label with great emotion, raising the club emphatically each time, then placing each sentence label).” 4. Ask, “Are each of these sentences?” Children respond. 5. Ask, “How do we stop a sentence?” Children respond. 6. Place a red unit bead at the end of each sentence. 7. Say, “Today when we want to show a sentence has great power and excitement we stop it with a mark that looks like this club and this bead.” 8. Place the club above the first red bead. 9. Replace the club and the red bead in the first sentence with an exclamation mark. 10. Stop the rest of the exclamations with exclamation marks. 11. Placing the exclamation mark title label above the symbol in the second sentence say, “This mark I made in red is called an exclamation mark. The word ‘exclamation’ comes from the Latin word ‘exclamare,’ which means to ‘cry out’.“ 12. Say, “Excitement can be expressed in one word like ‘Help.’ “ 13. Write ‘Help’ on a blank label with the black pen. 14. Stop the sentence with an exclamation mark written in red. 15. Invite the children, one at a time, to express a one- or two- word exclamation, writing each one on a blank label. Invite each child who said an exclamation to stop his or her exclamation with an exclamation mark. Montessori Research and Development © 2004 78 Language Arts Volume 4: Mechanics 16. The children record this presentation in their notebooks. Exclamation Mark Key Experience Exclamare (Latin) means to ‘cry out’. I am the best ! This hunt was great ! Tonight we eat ! This kill is mine ! Help ! Fire ! Oh boy ! Wow ! Direct Aim: 1. To understand the exclamation mark, its meaning, and its usage in sentences. Age: 6 - 9 years Note: The Key Experience is repeated each year. Montessori Research and Development © 2004 79 Language Arts Volume 4: Mechanics QUESTION MARK: II. THE EXCLAMATION AND THE QUESTION Materials: Five question labels (omit punctuation) Five statement labels (omit punctuation) Red quotation mark labels from the printed alphabet Red exclamation mark labels from the printed alphabet Title labels: ‘These are questions.’ ‘These are exclamations.’ Children’s notebooks and pencils Presentation: 1. Gather a group of children around a table or rug. 2. Say, “We have been working with periods, question marks and exclamation marks. Periods are used to stop sentences that are statements. Question marks are used to stop sentences that ask questions. Exclamation marks are used to stop sentences that express excitement. Today we are going to do more activities with these punctuation marks.” 3. Distribute all of the question and statement labels. 4. Place the title labels next to each other. 5. Read the title labels and ask, “With what mark will you end these sentences?” Point to the question label. Children respond. Ask, “With what mark will you end these sentences?” Point to the exclamation label. Children respond. Montessori Research and Development © 2004 80 Language Arts Volume 4: Mechanics 6. Invite the children, one at a time, to read their labels and to place them under the appropriate title labels, adding question mark or exclamation mark labels at the end of each sentence. 7. The children record this presentation in their notebooks. THESE ARE QUESTIONS. THESE ARE EXCLAMATIONS. What is that smell? Ugh, it’s a skunk! Did you enjoy the show? Wow, it was great! Do you see that smoke? Oh no, it’s a fire! Would you like a puppy? I’d love one! Are you lost? I want my mommy! Direct Aim: 1. To understand exclamation marks, their meanings, and their usage in sentences. 2. To understand the difference between questions and exclamations. Age: 6 - 9 years Note: The children may use this material, N8, independently. Montessori Research and Development © 2004 81 Language Arts Volume 4: Mechanics EXCLAMATION MARK: III. PERIOD, QUESTION MARK AND EXCLAMATION MARK Materials: Five statement labels Five command labels Five question labels Five exclamation labels Question mark labels from the printed alphabet Exclamation mark symbol labels from the printed alphabet Period labels from the printed alphabet Title labels: ‘This is a statement.’ ‘This is a command.’ ‘This is a question.’ ‘This is an exclamation.’ ‘This is not a question or an exclamation.’ A set of blank labels Black pen and red pen Children’s notebooks and pencils Presentation: 1. Gather a group of children around a table or rug. Montessori Research and Development © 2004 82 Language Arts Volume 4: Mechanics 2. Say, “We have been working with periods, question marks and exclamation marks. Periods are used to stop sentences that are statements. Question marks are used to stop sentences that ask questions. Exclamation marks are used to stop sentences that express excitement. Today we are going to do more activities with these punctuation marks.” 3. Distribute all the sentence labels. 4. Place the labels ‘This is a question.’, ‘This is an exclamation.’, and ‘This is not a question or an exclamation.’ 5. Invite the children, one at a time, to read their labels, to place them under the appropriate title labels, and to stop their sentences with period, question, or exclamation marks. 6. Pointing to the ‘This is not a question or an exclamation.’ title label say, “These sentences that are neither questions nor exclamations end with periods. There are two kinds of sentences that end with periods.” 7. Remove the ‘This is not a question or an exclamation.’ title label. 8. As you place the labels ‘This is a statement.’, and ‘This is a command.’, say, “The two kinds of sentences that end with periods are called statements and commands. Statements state a fact, opinion, or feeling. Commands direct a person to do something.” 9. Pick up the sentences that end with periods and distribute them. 10. Invite the children, one at a time, to read their labels, to place them under the appropriate title labels, and to stop their sentences with period labels. Montessori Research and Development © 2004 83 Language Arts Volume 4: Mechanics 11. Invite the children, one at a time, to say statements and commands. Write each on a blank label. Invite each child who said a command or a statement to place it under the appropriate title label, stopping his or her sentence with a period label. 12. The children record this presentation in their notebooks. This is a question. This is a statement. Is Charlotte’s Web fiction or non-fiction? Charlotte’s Web is fiction. Of what is the earth made? The earth is solid,liquid, and gas. What is a lake? A lake is water surrounded by land. Where are the solids? The solids are on the geometry shelf. This is an exclamation. This is a command. What a great book! Open your book. Fantastic! Place the globe on the shelf. There’s a fire! Make a lake with clay. Oh! Label the solids. Direct Aim: 1. To understand exclamation marks, their meanings, and their usage in sentences. 2. To understand the difference between questions, exclamations, statements, and commands. Age: 6 - 9 years Montessori Research and Development © 2004 84 Language Arts Volume 4: Mechanics Note: The children may use this material, N10, independently. Montessori Research and Development © 2004 85 Language Arts Volume 4: Mechanics CHAPTER 5: PUNCTUATION - APOSTROPHE Montessori Research and Development © 2004 86 Language Arts Volume 4: Mechanics APOSTROPHE: I. KEY EXPERIENCE - CONTRACTIONS Materials: Title labels: Apostrephein (Greek) means ‘to turn away’.written in red Contractus (Latin) means ‘to pull together’. written in red Contraction Key Experience written in red Apostrophe Key Experience written in red Red apostrophe labels from the printed alphabet Blank labels Black pen and red pen Children’s notebooks and pencils Presentation: 1. Gather a group of children around a table or rug. 2. Say, “We have been working with periods, question marks, and exclamation marks. Today we are going to do more activities with punctuation marks and with root words.” 3. Say, “Remember when we combined two root words to form new words with new meanings?” Discuss. 4. Say, “Today we are going to combine two root words but we won’t change the meaning.” 5. Write the words ‘was’ and ‘not’ on blank labels with a black pen. 6. Invite a child to read the labels. 7. Tear the label between the ‘n’ and the ‘o’ and after the ‘o’. Montessori Research and Development © 2004 87 Language Arts Volume 4: Mechanics 8. Say, “We’re going to turn away the ‘o’.