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Studi Tentang Proses Pembelajaran Tari Condong Gambuh Di Sanggar Seni Satriya Lelana Batuan Sukawati Gianyar

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Studi Tentang Proses Pembelajaran Tari Condong Gambuh Di Sanggar Seni Satriya Lelana Batuan Sukawati Gianyar STUDI TENTANG PROSES PEMBELAJARAN TARI CONDONG GAMBUH DI SANGGAR SENI SATRIYA LELANA BATUAN SUKAWATI GIANYAR NI KADEK WISTIN, NI WAYAN MUDIASIH, NI KETUT YULIASIH Program Studi Pendidikan Sendratasik, Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan, Institut Seni Indensia Denpasar Email. [email protected] Abstrak Sanggar seni Satriya Lelana merupakan salah satu sanggar yang ada di Desa Batuan yang masih aktif dalam menjaga kesenian khas Desa Batuan, salah satunya yaitu tari Condong Gambuh Batuan. Sanggar ini sebagai wadah untuk menuangkan ilmu pengetahuan khususnya dalam bidang seni tari, memberikan ruang kepada anak-anak untuk dapat mengembangkan bakatnya, berkreativitas sehingga dapat pencetak generasi penerus yang berkualitas. Penelitin ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan memiliki 3 (tiga) aspek yaitu: karakter tari Condong Gambuh, proses pembelajaran serta factor pendukung dan penghambat pembelajaran tari Condong Gambuh. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik, mengetahui proses pembelajaran serta untuk mengetahui factor pendukung dan penghambat proses pembelajaran. Maka dari itu, penting kiranya untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran tari Condong Gambuh di Sanggar Seni Satriya Lelana Batuan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif dengan mendeskripsikan segala data yang diperoleh dilapangan jelas dan terperinci, yaitu data primer berasal dari hasil penelitian dilapangan dan hasil wawancara sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari buku-buku, skripsi, dan sumber pustakan lainya yang terkait dengan penelitian. Proses pembelajaran tari Condong Gambuh di Sanggar Seni Satriya Lelana Batuan menggunakan 4 (empat) tahapan pembelajaran yaitu: tahap persiapan (preparation), tahap penyampaian (presentation), tahap latihan (practice), dan tahap penampilan (performance). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tari Condong Gambuh ada 2 (dua) yaitu: factor pendukung dan faktor penghambat. Faktor pendukung yang terdiri dari faktor internal berupa faktor minat, faktor kesiapan, dan faktor bakat sedangkan faktor eksternal berupa faktor guru atau pelatih dan faktor sarana dan prasarana. Faktor penghambat terdiri dari faktor internal yaitu, faktor bakat, dan faktor eksternal berupa faktor jarak dan waktu. Kata kunci: proses pembelajaran tari Condong Gambuh, karakteristik Condong Gambuh, faktor pendukung dan penghambat 1 PENDAHULUAN Pendidikan seni juga dapat digunakan khususnya di Bali, baik yang bersifat sosial sebagai wadah untuk mengembangkan maupun murni sebagai wadah pembelajaran kreativitas, emosional, sosial dan estetika. seni khususnya seni tari. Lembaga-lembaga Pendidikan seni juga bertujuan untuk informal (sanggar) yang secara konsisten membentuk karakter seseorang dari yang memberikan pembelajaran mengenai tari kurang baik menjadi lebih baik, itu Bali khususnya di desa Batuan yaitu: dikarenakan melalui pendidikan seni Sanggar Kakul Mas, Sanggar Panti Pusaka membangkitkan rasa dan perasaan mereka Sakti dan Sanggar Satrya Lelana. Ketiga dalam melakoni kehidupan yang sanggar ini secara konsisten memberikan dihadapinya. Hal tersebut yang menjadikan pembelajaran tari Bali. pendidikan seni penting untuk dipelajari. Pendidikan seni merupakan usaha sadar Tari Bali adalah perwujudan atau untuk menyiapkan peserta didik melalui peragaan dari kompleksitas nilai-nilai kegiatan bimbingan, pengajaran dan budaya Hindu-Bali melalui jalinan gerak pelatihan agar menguasai kemampuan tubuh manusia. Setiap pose dan frase gerak berkesenian sesuai dengan peran yang harus penari, yang diikat oleh ruang dan waktu, dipermainkan (Soerhadjo, 2012:13). Selain mencerminkan konsep kosmologi, itu, pandangan hidup, kepercayaan, prilaku, serta prinsip estetik masyarakat Bali yang Pembelajaran yang baik adalah berlandaskan kepada agama Hindu (Dibia, pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh dua orang 2013:1). Tari Bali adalah salah satu seni atau lebih dimana dalam proses budaya warisan turun temurun dari leluhur pembelajaran tentu harus ada interaksi yang harus dipertahankan dengan antara pendidik dengan siswa melalui memotivasi diri untuk lebih disiplin dan belajar. Belajar memiliki dua sifat yaitu serius dalam mempelajarinya. formal dan informal. Belajar formal merupakan belajar yang diselenggarakan di Selain memberikan materi sekolah-sekolah pada umumnya. Sedangkan pembelajaran tari lepas dan tari kreasi baru, belajar informan adalah belajar yang ketiga sanggar ini juga memberikan materi dilakukan mulai dari keluarga, lingkungan, pembelajaran tari klasik Drama Tari kelompok atau komunitas yang memiliki Gambuh yaitu sebuah drama tari yang daya tarik untuk mengembangkan apa yang menjadi cikal bakal tari Bali. Sanggar Panti diminati, seperti halnya pembelajaran seni pusaka Sakti dan sanggar Kakul Mas yang dominan berasal dari lingkungan atau mengajarkan tari Gambuh hanya ketika ada komunitas bahkan tidak jarang sekarang ini pementasan atau ngayah (kegiatan banyak lembaga atau institusi yang pengabdian masyarakat), kepada anggota menerapkan pembelajaran seni itu sendiri. sanggar yang sudah dewasa, dan sudah mendapatkan pembelajaran gambuh secara Salah satu lembaga yang otodidak sebelumnya. Akan tetapi, sanggar memberikan pembelajaran informal adalah yang memberikan pembelajaran tari sanggar, yaitu tempat yang digunakan oleh Gambuh pada siswanya sejak dini hanya suatu komunitas atau sekumpulan orang sanggar Satriya Lelana Desa Batuan, untuk melakukan kegiatan seni. Seiring Sukawati, Gianyar. Secara formal Sanggar perkembangan zaman, banyak terbentuk Satriya Lelana berdiri sejak tanggal 30 sanggar-sanggar yang melestarikan seni Desember 1998 di Banjar Pekandelan Desa 2 Batuan Kecamatan Sukawati Kabupaten melestarikan kesenian Gambuh yang ada di Gianyar. Sanggar seni Satriya Lelana sudah Bali khusunya tari Condong Gambuh banyak melahirkan seniman-seniman muda Batuan. yang berbakat dan berkualitas. Hal ini KARAKTERISTIK TARI CONDONG dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melestarikan GAMBUH kesenian gambuh yang ada di Bali Condong Gambuh merupakan salah satu khususnya di Desa Batuan Sukawati tokoh dalam dramatari Gambuh yang harus Gianyar. Pembelajaran drama tari gambuh ada disetiap pementasan dramatari gambuh. tidak hanya diberikan kepada siswa yang Tokoh Condong dalam dramatari Gambuh sudah dewasa melainkan juga kepada siswa memiliki karakter sama seperti karakter yang masih anak-anak. Proses pembelajaran condong pada umumnya, yaitu gaya gerakan dilakukan secara bertahap, yaitu diawali lebih lugas dan lincah, memiliki watak keras dengan tari Condong Gambuh untuk penari dan tegas. Tokoh condong berperan sebagai putri. Alasan peneliti mengangkat objek seorang pelayan wanita dengan tugas penelitian tari Condong Gambuh menurut menasehati dan mengemban Raja Putri. peneliti untuk dapat mahir membawakan Tokoh Condong juga berperan sebagai tokoh-tokoh gambuh yang lainnya terlebih penerjemah ucapan yang berbahasa Kawi ke dahulu harus bisa menguasai tari condong dalam bahasa Bali. Suara yang digunakan karena gerak condong merupakan gerak dalam tokoh Condong yaitu tinggi dan dasar dari gerak-gerak tokoh gambuh yang nyaring dengan tempo ucapan agak cepat. lainnya. Dalam membentuk penari yang Postur tubuh yang sesuai untuk mahir khususnya Tari Condong Gambuh, membawakan tokoh Condong dalam para siswa terlebih dahulu diperkenalkan dramatari Gambuh yaitu penari yang dengan kesenian Gambuh guna memiliki postur tubuh sedikit pendek, mata menumbuhkan ketertarikan siswa untuk ikut agak bulat. Adapun struktur tari condong melestarikan kesenian gambuh ini. gambuh adalah: (1) pepeson; (2) pengawak; Hal ini yang membedakan sanggar (3) Pengecet; (4) pekaad.: Adapun struktur Satriya Lelana dengan sanggar-sanggar lain (ragam gerak) tari Condong gambuh yaitu: yang ada di daerah Batuan khususnya. a. Pepeson adalah bagian pertama dalam tari Selain itu sanggar Satria Lelana juga Condong gambuh, adapun struktur geraknya memiliki beberapa teknik khusus dalam dapat dijabarkan sebagai berikut: Pepeson memberikan materi gambuh kepada merupakan bagian permulaan atau bagian siswanya. Maka dari itu, peneliti tertarik awal suatu tarian. Adapun gerak-gerak untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai dalam tari pepeson condong Gambuh proses pembelajaran tari Condong Gambuh sebagai berikut: Dari posisi agem kiri keluar di Sanggar Satriya Lelana Batuan yang dengan jalan tetayungan pelan-pelan (9 dituangkan dalam sebuah potret proses langkah) ke depan mulai dengan kaki kanan. pembelajaran Tari Condong Gambuh di Ngijik ke depan (3 kali dengan kaki kanan Sanggar Seni Satriya Lelana. Dengan judul dan 2 kali dengan kaki kiri) kedeng aed kiri “Study Tentang Proses Pembelajaran Tari langsung jalan nyapi dengan ngumbang Condong Gambuh di Sanggar Seni Satriya memutar ke kiri dan ke kanan membentuk Lelana Batuan Sukawati Gianyar”. Adanya angka delapan, maka dengan kaki potret dari proses pembelajaran tersebut menghadap ke depan. Ngijik ke depan (3 maka akan dapat membantu proses kali dengan kaki kanan dan 2 kali dengan pembelajaran Tari Condong Gambuh yang kaki kiri) langsung kaki kanan menutup kaki sulit dipelajari oleh generasi penerus, guna kiri dalam posisi tampak sirang pada, ngejer 3 pala, nyogok kanan bersamaan dengan kaki angka delapan, mulai dengan kaki kiri, kanan, nanjek ke samping kanan, kaki kiri menghadap ke depan. menutup di depan kaki kanan tampak sirang, ngikal (posisi agem kanan) sledet Ngijik ke depan (3 kali dengan kaki kanan kanan dan nyegut. dan 2 kali dengan kaki kiri) langsung kaki Ngelier, sledet kanan
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