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HISTÓRIA DE VIDA DE Aetobatus Narinari (MYLIOBATIFORMES) CAPTURADA PELA PESCA ARTESANAL NO LITORAL DA PARAÍBA E PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL

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HISTÓRIA DE VIDA DE Aetobatus Narinari (MYLIOBATIFORMES) CAPTURADA PELA PESCA ARTESANAL NO LITORAL DA PARAÍBA E PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL PRISCILA ROCHA VASCONCELOS ARAÚJO HISTÓRIA DE VIDA DE Aetobatus narinari (MYLIOBATIFORMES) CAPTURADA PELA PESCA ARTESANAL NO LITORAL DA PARAÍBA E PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL RECIFE, Fevereiro/ 2020 ARAÚJO, P. R. V. História de vida de Aetobatus narinari (Myliobatiformes)… UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DE PERNAMBUCO PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM RECURSOS PESQUEIROS E AQUICULTURA HISTÓRIA DE VIDA DE Aetobatus narinari (MYLIOBATIFORMES) CAPTURADA PELA PESCA ARTESANAL NO LITORAL DA PARAÍBA E PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL PRISCILA ROCHA VASCONCELOS ARAÚJO Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco como exigência para obtenção do título de Doutor. Profa. Dra. ROSANGELA LESSA Orientadora Recife, Fevereiro, 2020 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas Gerada automaticamente, mediante os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a) A663h Araújo, Priscila Rocha Vasconcelos História de vida de Aetobatus narinari (Myliobatiformes) capturada pela pesca artesanal no litoral da Paraíba e Pernambuco, Brasil / Priscila Rocha Vasconcelos Araújo. - 2020. 108 f. : il. Orientadora: Rosangela Lessa. Inclui referências. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura, Recife, 2020. 1. Myliobatiformes. 2. Dinâmica de populações. 3. Estrutura de população. 4. Pesca artesanal. I. Lessa, Rosangela, orient. II. Título CDD 639.3 ARAÚJO, P. R. V. História de vida de Aetobatus narinari (Myliobatiformes)… UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DE PERNAMBUCO PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM RECURSOS PESQUEIROS E AQUICULTURA HISTÓRIA DE VIDA DE Aetobatus narinari (MYLIOBATIFORMES) CAPTURADA PELA PESCA ARTESANAL NO LITORAL DA PARAÍBA E PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL PRISCILA ROCHA VASCONCELOS ARAÚJO Tese julgada adequada para obtenção do título de doutor em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura. Defendida e aprovada em 19/02/2020 pela seguinte Banca Examinadora. _____________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. ROSANGELA LESSA Orientadora Departamento de pesca e Aquicultura/Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco ______________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. RICARDO DE SOUZA ROSA Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia/Universidade Federal da Paraíba _____________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. FRANCISCO MARCANTE SANTANA Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada/Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco _____________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. RENATA AKEMI SHINOZAKI MENDES Departamento de pesca e Aquicultura/Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco _____________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. HUMBER AGRELLI DE ANDRADE Departamento de pesca e Aquicultura/Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco ARAÚJO, P. R. V. História de vida de Aetobatus narinari (Myliobatiformes)… DEDICATÓRIA Dedico este trabalho à minha família pelo amor incondicional, aos meus amigos por todo apoio e a todos que contribuíram para realização deste trabalho. ARAÚJO, P. R. V. História de vida de Aetobatus narinari (Myliobatiformes)… AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, que acima de tudo, foi o meu refúgio e minha força durante toda essa jornada. À Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura pelo apoio institucional e infraestrutura. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior pelo fomento da bolsa de doutorado. À Dra. Rosangela Lessa por ter me confiado este trabalho que abriu um horizonte completamente empolgante; e pela oportunidade de contribuir para conservação da Aetobatus narinari, que como diria o Dr. Carolus Maria Vooren, “são animais magníficos”. Aos professores Dr. Ricardo de Souza Rosa, Dr. Francisco Marcante Santana da Silva, Dra. Renata Akemi Shinozaki Mendes, Dr. Humber Agrelli de Andrade, Dra. Maria Lúcia Góes de Araújo, pela disponibilidade em compor minha banca de doutorado contribuindo para melhorar a qualidade dessa tese. Aos professores Dr. Francisco Marcante Santana, Dr. José Carlos Nascimento de Barros, Dr. Joaquim Evêncio Neto, Dra. Flávia Lucena Frédou, Dr. Paulo José Duarte Neto e demais professores da UFRPE pela importante colaboração para o trabalho. À minha família, minha mãe Jussara, meu pai Oscar, minhas avós Tânia e Bina, meus avôs Juarez (in memoriam) e Oscar (in memoriam), meu irmão Oscar, tia Cicinha (in memoriam), tia Marli, tio Edson, meu namorado Ramon, meu padrinho Patrício, meus tios Sandra e Sandro e todos os familiares que estiveram sempre me ajudando, dando força, incentivo e aconchego. O apoio de vocês foi imprescindível durante toda essa caminhada. Aos pescadores de Acaú (Carlinhos e Elviro), Ponta de Pedras (Roberto e Alexandre), Barra de Catuama (Roberto da raia), Jaguaribe – Itamaracá (Santo, Maurício, Daniel, Nuno e Petrônio) e Recife (Davi), pela importante colaboração nos momentos de amostragem. Aos amigos que fiz no laboratório de Dinâmica de Populações Marinhas – DIMAR, Heitor, Amanda, Diogo, Leandro, Leonardo, Phillippe, Catya, Jonas Eloi, Jonas Rodrigues, Caio, Laís, Thaisy, Débrora, Flavinha, Maysa, Andressa, Aline, Tainá, Aislan, Aninha, Gabriel, Pedro, Tiago, Rodrigo, Jones, Maria Lúcia, Chico, que me acolheram nessa grande família dimariana e aos que me ajudaram neste trabalho, nas coletas, processamento de material, tirando dúvidas, compartilhando comida e conhecimentos. E a todos os amigos que fiz no Depaq, Lucas, Alessandra, Rômulo, Polly, Mariana, Latifa, Érica, que sempre foram muito solícitos. Aos amigos que fiz na Flórida durante o doutorado sanduíche, Matt Ajemian, Kim Bassos Hull, Mike, Bautisse, Demian Chapman, Katie Flowers, Liu Tongtong, Ruibao, Sahar, Krystan, Lisa, Breanna, Grace, Cam, Steven, Rachel, Maria e todos os amigos que fiz em Orlando, por toda a ajuda e assistência num lugar onde tive um importante crescimento pessoal e acadêmico. ARAÚJO, P. R. V. História de vida de Aetobatus narinari (Myliobatiformes)… EPÍGRAFE Quando o homem aprender a respeitar até o menor ser da criação, seja animal ou vegetal, ninguém precisará ensiná-lo a amar seus semelhantes. Albert Schweitzer ARAÚJO, P. R. V. História de vida de Aetobatus narinari (Myliobatiformes)… RESUMO A raia pintada, Aetobatus narinari, ocorre em regiões tropicais costeiras e insulares no oceano Atlântico. A recente redefinição taxonômica da espécie reduziu a literatura disponível sobre sua biologia e a pesca, bem como tornou seu status de conservação (Quase Ameaçada - NT) obsoleto a nível mundial. No Brasil, essa raia é capturada pela pesca artesanal em várias regiões, mesmo assim não se tem informações sobre sua biologia básica nessas áreas, sendo classificada como uma espécie com dados insuficientes (DD). Portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a idade e crescimento; caracterizar aspectos da biologia reprodutiva e hábitos alimentares; e estudar a morfometria linear, geométrica e a estrutura populacional da raia A. narinari na costa da Paraíba e Pernambuco (07°30’S; 34°49’W / 07°47’S; 34°51'W), Nordeste do Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas em maio e julho de 2015 e mensalmente de abril de 2016 a agosto de 2018 pela pesca artesanal da região. Os indivíduos foram identificados, sexados, fotografados, a largura do disco (LD, cm) e o peso total (PT, kg) foram tomados. Para o estudo do crescimento, a idade foi estimada através da contagem das bandas translúcidas das vértebras para 26 fêmeas (LD: 53,2 - 155 cm) e 24 machos (LD: 44,2 - 136 cm), assim sendo o modelo de crescimento com o melhor ajuste para ambos os sexos foi o de von Bertalanffy (fêmeas: L∞ = 164,2; k = 0,18 e t0= -2,4; machos L∞ = 153,3; k = 0,25 e t0= -1,9); e os indivíduos mais velhos foram uma fêmea com nove anos (LD: 155 cm) e um macho com cinco anos (LD: 136 cm). Para a biologia reprodutiva, com base na análise de estruturas macroscópicas sexuais secundárias, 27 fêmeas (LD: 53,2 - 155 cm) e 27 machos (LD: 39,5 - 141 cm) foram analisados, sendo observado que para as fêmeas o tamanho em que 50% da população atingiu a maturidade (L50) foi de 130,15 cm e para os machos foi de 116,42 cm. Os maiores valores médios do índice hepatossomático (IHS) e índice gonadossomático (IGS) para os machos ocorreram no terceiro bimestre do ano, e para as fêmeas ocorreu no último bimestre para o IHS e no quarto bimestre para o IGS. Em relação ao estudo da dieta, com base na análise dos conteúdos estomacais, a raia pintada apresentou uma dieta especialista baseada em presas do grupo Chordata e Mollusca, onde fêmeas se alimentaram principalmente de Teleostei (IRI %: 46,4) e Ascídia (IRI %: 27,9); e os machos de Ascídia (IRI %: 57,2) e Gastropoda (IRI %: 20,3). Para a morfometria linear, além da LD, mais 29 medidas morfométricas foram tomadas para comparação entre machos e fêmeas; as Análises de Covariância (ANCOVA) realizadas para os sexos separados demonstrou diferença significativa nas regressões lineares entre cada medida e a LD dos indivíduos. Para a morfometria geométrica foram utilizadas fotografias da vista dorsal e ventral dos condrocrânios de 38 indivíduos (15 machos e 23 fêmeas); e conforme a análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) e Discriminante houve diferença significativa entre os sexos em ambas as vistas dorsal e ventral. Finalmente, para estudar a estrutura populacional, 42 indivíduos foram utilizados e sequências concatenadas
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