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A Revision of Syzygium Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) in Indochina (Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam) Author(S): Wuu-Kuang Soh and John Parnell Source: Adansonia, 37(1):179-275

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A Revision of Syzygium Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) in Indochina (Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam) Author(S): Wuu-Kuang Soh and John Parnell Source: Adansonia, 37(1):179-275 A revision of Syzygium Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) in Indochina (Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam) Author(s): Wuu-Kuang Soh and John Parnell Source: Adansonia, 37(1):179-275. Published By: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/a2015n2a1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.5252/a2015n2a1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. A revision of Syzygium Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) in Indochina (Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam) Wuu-Kuang SOH John PARNELL Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin (Republic of Ireland) [email protected] [email protected] Published on 31 December 2015 Soh W.-K. & Parnell J. 2015. — A revision of Syzygium Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) in Indochina (Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam). Adansonia, sér. 3, 37 (2): 179-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/a2015n2a1 ABSTRACT The genusSyzygium (Myrtaceae) is revised for Indochina (Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam). The spe- cies key, descriptions, typification, ecology, conservation status, phenology, vernacular names, usages, distribution maps, selected herbarium images and list of specimens examined are given. A total of fifty-six species are recognised in Indochina. Eight species including Syzygium bokorense W.K.Soh & KEY WORDS J.Parn., S. chantaranothaianum W.K.Soh & J.Parn., S. crassiflorum Merr. & L.M.Perry, S. cucphuongense Syzygium, W.K.Soh & J.Parn., S. glomerulatum (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, S. harmandii (Gagnep.) Merr. & Myrtaceae, Indochina, L.M.Perry, S. pierrei (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry and S. tonkinense (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry Cambodia, are confined to Indochina. 63 lectotypes were designated and 23 previously accepted species names Laos, are now synonyms under Syzygium. Vietnam harbours the largest number of species (49), followed Vietnam, taxonomy revision, by Laos (30) and Cambodia (27). Syzygium attopeuense (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry and Syzygium lectotypification. corticosum (Lour.) Merr. & L.M.Perry are new records for Thailand. RÉSUMÉ Révision du genre Syzygium Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) en Indochine (Cambodge, Laos et Viêtnam). Le genre Syzygium (Myrtaceae) est révisé pour l’Indochine (Cambodge, Laos et Vietnam). La clé, les descriptions, la typification, l’écologie, le statut de conservation, la phénologie, les noms locaux, les usages, les cartes de répartition, des images sélectionnées dans un herbarium et une liste des spécimens examinés de l’espèce sont inclus. On trouve un total de cinquante-six espèces en Indochine. Huit espèces, dont Syzygium bokorense W.K.Soh & J.Parn., S. chantaranothaianum W.K.Soh & J.Parn., MOTS CLÉS S. crassiflorum Merr. & L.M.Perry, S. cucphuongense W.K.Soh & J.Parn., S. glomerulatum (Gagnep.) Syzygium, Merr. & L.M.Perry, S. harmandii (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, le S. pierrei (Gagnep.) Merr. & Myrtaceae, Indochine, L.M.Perry et S. tonkinense (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry ne peuvent être trouvées qu’en Indochine. Cambodge, 63 lectotypes ont été reconnus et 23 noms d’espèces acceptés sont maintenant synonymes sous « Syzy- Laos, gium ». Le Viêtnam abrite le plus grand nombre d’espèces (49), suivi du Laos (30) et du Cambodge Viêtnam, révision taxonomique, (27). Syzygium attopeuense (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry et Syzygium corticosum (Lour.) Merr. & lectotypification. L.M.Perry sont maintenant des espèces recensées pour le Cambodge. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2015 • 37 (2) © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.adansonia.com 179 Soh W.-K. & Parnell J. INTRODUCTION pedicel, the calyptrate or free sepals and to a limited extent, the fruit shape and size. At the infrageneric level, the hyp- Syzygium Gaertn. is the largest genus in Myrtaceae with anthium shape, the ovule arrangement and placentation, c. 1200 species of mostly medium to large trees occurring in the anther orientation and the presence or absence of seed the tropics and subtropics from India to the Pacific Islands, intercotyledonary intrusion are useful for identifying sub- and found in a diverse range of habitats from sea shore to generic groups. montane forest (Parnell et al. 2007). The highest concentra- In having opposite leaves and intramarginal veins, herbarium tion of species and morphological variation is found in the specimens of Syzygium are often confused with other genera Southeast Asian region. The geographical range of Syzygium such as Eugenia, Garcinia L., Memecylon L. and Rubiaceae Juss. is from Africa through southern Asia, Malesia and Australia All the taxa mentioned above, except for Eugenia, do not have to the Pacific Islands. The historical basis and the classifica- a punctilate or pustulate leaf surface (oil glands). Garcinia has tion problems have been extensively reviewed and discussed leaves with petiole bases that clasp the twig while Rubiaceae by many authors (Schmid 1972; Craven 2001; Parnell et has interpetiolar stipules. Memecylon usually has a shiny and al. 2007). wrinkled leaf, and the stamens are crescent-shaped. Eugenia François Gagnepain, who was the first botanist to revise has hairy vegetative shoots and inflorescences, and few flow- the Indochinese Syzygium under Eugenia L. s.l., initially ers, from one to three per inflorescence. published all the twenty-eight new species in Notulae Sys- tematicae (Gagnepain 1917-1918) and later published the completed work in the Flore générale de l’Indochine (Gagne- MATERIAL AND METHODS pain 1920). His work encompassed fifty-five species from French-Indochina, which corresponds to the currently rec- Most of the taxonomic publications relevant to Indochina ognised political boundaries in Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and neighbouring regions were consulted. For the present Thailand (part of Mekong basin) and South China (Zhan- treatment, dried plant specimens acquired from different jiang). Merrill & Perry (1938b) later updated the revision herbaria (A, BK, BKF, BM, CPNP, E, GH, HN, K, KEP, based on partly original material supplied by Gagnepain and L, NY, P, TCD, U and VFU) were examined. In addition additional new material from Indochina, mainly collected to this, images and references downloaded from online by Pételot. In their synopsis (Merrill & Perry 1938b), all the herbaria were also used (A, GH, K, MO, NY and US). In Indochinese species were transferred from Eugenia L. s.l. to this study, over 4000 specimens from Indochina and other Syzygium Gaertn., the species nomenclature was updated, regions were studied; either on loan or in situ in the vari- eight new species described and new records added. ous herbaria. The study presented here deals with revisional Since Gagnepain’s revision in 1920, the generic concept of work of a number of different species withinSyzygium . In Eugenia-Syzygium has changed and the current revisionary practice this means that herbarium specimens of the same works of Syzygium in the neighbouring countries includ- phenotypic assemblage were sorted and grouped together. ing Thailand (Chantaranothai & Parnell 2002) and China These groups were then either associated with an existing (Chen & Craven 2007) have suggested several new records type specimen, which is linked to a particular taxon name. for Indochina. This is not surprising, since the Flore générale After the herbarium specimens were sorted into groups, their de l’Indochine project was prematurely initiated consider- morphological characters were examined. Dichotomous keys ing at the time many areas in Indochina were botanically based on vegetative and reproductive macromorphological unexplored. Since then, there have been many new botani- characters were constructed. cal collections from previously inaccessible localities. This Unless indicated, all macromorphological measurements coupled with the resurgence of botanical work over the last and observations, including colour, texture and shape are three decades in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam has generated recorded from herbarium specimens. When no holotype a significant amount of new information. Therefore it is now or lectotype is available, then a lectotype is designated or a timely to revise Syzygium Gaertn. in Indochina (Cambodia, neotype selected by following the guidelines in the Interna- Laos and Vietnam). tional Code of Botanical Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2006). Discussion for each instance of this is found in the relevant CHARACTERS USEFUL IN IDENTIFICATION AND GENERA species notes. Species synonyms were gathered from relevant THAT CAN BE CONFUSED WITH SYZYGIUM publications, notably the World Checklist of Myrtaceae online Generally, Syzygium can be recognised easily by the simple, database (Govaerts et al. 2015) and personal observations opposite, gland dotted (punctilate or pustulate) and exstipu-
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