DOCSLIB.ORG

University Microfilms, a XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University Microfilms, a XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 72- 15,183 BURKE, John Edward, 1942- AN HISTORICAL-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE LEGISLATIVE AND POLITICAL ORIGINS OF THE PUBLIC BROADCASTING ACT OF 1967. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1971 Mass Communications University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © Copyright by John Edward Burke !1972 I AN HISTORICAL-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE LEGISLATIVE AND POLITICAL ORIGINS OF THE PUBLIC BROADCASTING ACT OF 1967' DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By John Edward Burke, B.A., M.F.A. The Ohio State University 1971 Approved by l/ c p a t viii cii v u i Speech Communications ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is with pleasure that I acknowledge those whose guidance and assistance contributed significantly to the successful completion of this study. I am deeply Indebted to my committee chairman, Dr. Walter Emery, and my adviser, Dr. Joseph Foley, who gave generously of their time in directing this study. I also wish to thank Dr. I. Keith Tyler and Dr. G. Robert Holsinger, who under the pressure of deadlines, read this study and offered valuable editorial comments. I am very grateful to Richard B. Hull, my former employer, for his time and assistance in reviewing certain data and for arranging interviews with the Honorable Leonard Marks, William Harley, President of the NAEB, and Chalmers Marquia, also of the NAEB. I extend my appreciation to these men and others in Washington who provided time for interviews or other assistance in acquiring important documents. They Include: Nicholas Zapple, communications council, Senate Commerce Committee; Senator Warren G. Magnuson of Oregon; Congressman Ken Hechler of West Virginia; Ron Lively, administrative assistant, U.S. House of Repre­ sentatives; Dean W. Coston, Linton, Mields & Coston, Inc., Terry Turner, consultant, Public Broadcasting Service; Frank Norwood, executive director, Joint Council on Educational Telecommunications; Lewis Berry, minority council, Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, U.S. House of Representa­ tives; John Macy, president, Corporation for Public Broad­ casting; James Fellows, research director, NAEB; H. Holt Riddleberger, Educational Television Stations; Robert Guthrie, chief council, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, U.S. House of Representatives; and Robert Hilliard of the Federal Communications Commission. A special expression of gratitude goes to C. Scott Fletcher and Mrs. Fletcher for extending their gracious hospitality to me for two days in the course of this study. Without Mr. Fletcher's assistance, this study would not have been complete. I wish also to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Hyman Goldin of Boston University who described in detail the proceedings of the Carnegie Commission and the work of its staff. Finally, I wish to thank the Honorable Douglass Cater, former special assistant to President Johnson and now with the University of California, whom I Inadvertently got out of bed at 6 a.m. to answer questions related to this study. To all who have helped during the past year, I am equally grateful. i 1 i PLEASE NOTE: Some pages have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company VITA August 10, 1942 Born - Huntington, West Virginia 1960 Assistant to Rep. Ken'Hechler, U.S. House of Representatives 1965 B.A., Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 1965-66 Graduate Assistant, Department of Speech, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 1966 M.F.A., Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 1966-69 Instructor of Speech-Broadcasting, Department of Speech, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio Summer, 1967 Director, Television Arts Department, PACE Summer School for the Arts, Cleveland, Ohio 1969-70 Assistant to Richard B. Hull, Director, Telecommunications Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1971-Present Director, Division of Medical Communications, School of Allied Medical Professions, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1v FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Speech Communications: Mass Media Studies in Broadcasting: Professor Walter Emery Professor Joseph M. Foley Studies in Educational Communications: Professor I. Keith Tyler Studies in Journalism: Professor G. Robert Holsinger v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................................................................... 11 VITA......................................................................................................................... 1V LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................... ix Chapter I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND................................ 1 Statement of Purpose and Importance Review of Related Literature The Research Plan Historical Background II. EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION FACILITIES ACT OF 1962................................................................................... 29 Financial Problems of ETV Stations ETV Redefines Objectives ETV Facilities Act Conceived Preparation of Bill and Passage III. REORDERING OF PRIORITIES IN . EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTING....................................... 56 Facilities Act Provides Stimulus New Problems Develop All-Channel Television Receiver Act New Legislative Objectives Develop IV. FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LONG- RANGE FINANCING OF ETV............................................. 68 Fletcher Recruited for ETS Division Conference Idea Develops Conference Action Conference Mandates vi Page V THE FORMATION OF THE CARNEGIE COMMISSION............................................... 95 Lowell Committee Formed Committee Recommendation Commission Proposal Endorsed Carnegie Supports Commission Selection of Commission Members Selection of Commission Staff VI. THE CARNEGIE COMMISSION REPORT........................ 110 Commission Work Begins Operational Procedures Policy Problems Encountered Preparation of the Report Conclusions and Recommendations Reaction to the Report VII. THE FORD FOUNDATION PROPOSAL.............................. 132 Purpose of the Proposal Hearings Begin Comparison with Carnegie Report VIII. THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE........................................... 145 "Message on Education and Health" Discussion IX. THE PREPARATION OF THE LEGISLATION 152 HEW Begins Work on Legislation Early Draft Prepared Senate Bill Introduced X. SECOND NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LONG- RANGE FINANCING OF ETV............................................. 161 Conference Action and Rationale Reaction to Carnegie Commission Report Conference Recommendations XI. SENATE HEARINGS AND PASSAGE ................. 173 Committee Work Begins Long-Range Financing Educational Radio Testimony Interconnection Other Amendments Floor Debate and Passage vi 1 Page XII. HOUSE HEARINGS AND PASSAGE.......................; ____ 193 Committee Work Begins Issues and Amendments Floor Debate and Passage XIII. CONFERENCE REPORT AND FINAL PASSAGE 218 Anti-editorializing Issue Educational Broadcasting Defined Objectivity and Balance in Programming Interconnection Records and Audits Instructional Broadcasting Conference Report Adopted XIV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS........................................... 225 Summary Conclusions and Discussion Recommendations for Future Study APPENDIX A. FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LONG- RANGE FINANCING OF ETV.................................. List of Participants Financial Survey and Questionnaire Letter from the President B. SECOND NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LONG- RANGE FINANCING OF ETV............................................ 293 List of Participants Conference Proceedings C. BERRY MEMO • LETTERS ON INTERCONNECTION.................................. 329 D. PUBLIC LAW 90-129........................................................... 345 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY.............................................................................. 356 v i 11 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. FM STATION GROWTH PATTERN - THROUGH 1966... 20 2. TV STATION GROWTH PATTERN - THROUGH 1967... 24 1 X CHAPTER I BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION On November 7, 1967, President Lyndon Johnson signed the Public Broadcasting Act (Public Law 90-129). The Act amended the Communications Act of 1937 and contained the following provisions: 1. Establishes the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (headed by a 15-man board appointed by the President with Senate approval) to oversee appropriate channelling of funds for use by noncommercial television and radio production groups, to stimulate programming of higher education and cultural value through financial aid and recommendations to local stations and educational TV networks, and to arrange for systems of regional interconnection to extend educational broadcasting's audience. 2. Authorizes $9 million to finance the first- year (1968) activities of the Corporation. 3. Extends through fiscal 1970 the construction program under the Educational Television Facilities Act of 1962 in which $10.5 million will be appro­ priated for 1968, $12.5 million for 1969, and $15 mill ion for 1970. 4. Authorizes $500,000 to Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to conduct a study of instructional television, radio, and related elec­ tronic apparatus in schools and classrooms.' 1. U.S., Library of Congress, Legislative Reference Service, "The Public Broadcasting Act of 1967" (Washington: January 12, 1968), p. 4. The provisions in this Act required several years of concen- trated and dedicated efforts by many in Washington and throughout the United States. Congress was
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Public Television Station Employment Practices and the Composition of Boards of Directors: the Status of Minorities and Women
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 074 742 EM 010 928 AUTHOR Jennings, Ralph M.; And Others TITLE Public Television Station Employment Practices and the Composition of Boards of Directors: The Status of M4norities and Women. INSTITUTION United Church of Christ, New York, N.Y. PUB DATE Jan 73 NOTE 51p.; See Also ED 070 304 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS Broadcast Television; Disadvantaged Groups; Economic Disadvantagement; *Employment. Opportunities; *Employment Patterns; Employment Statistics; Employment Trends; *Females; *Public Television; Subemployment; Surveys ABSTRACT The Office of Communication of the United Church of Christ has conducted two studies on the racial and sexual composition of public television employees: first, an analysis of the 1971 and 1972 Annual Employment Reports filed by most of the public broadcasting licensees, and secondl'an analysis of the racial and sexual composition of the boards of directors of 31 public television stations. The report describes the results of these analyses and concludes that public television station licensees appear to have made only minimal progress in improving the employmentopportunities for minority group members, that in most cases the proportion of minority, employees found in public television is below that found among commercial stations, that the employment opportunities afforded women appear to be only slightly better in public television than in commercial television, and that both minority groups and women are underrepresented among directors of'stations.(Author/SH) PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION EMPLOYMENT 'PRACTICES AND THE COMPOSITION OF BOARDS OF DIRECTORS: THE STATUS OF MINOR'TIES AND WOMEN By Ralph M. Jennings Marcella Kerr Truman E. Parker U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG.
    [Show full text]
  • Read the VT on TV Timeline
    - - A chronicleof independentsand smallformat, hardware and programming,events and decisionsleading up to the widespread acceptance of portablevideo on broadcasttelevision. CBS investigates portable video. 1937 1958 December. SQN, independently incorporated , NBC television mobile unit. 50,000,000 TV's. though operating out of CBS headquarters , In action in NYC. Consisting of two huge spends almost $100,000 on a portable video, buses. One crammed with a studio and the 8mm and 16mm presentation held at the other housing the transmitter that relayed 1960 Videofreex studio . Mike Dann, head of CBS programs to the Empire State Building for re­ programming rejects the work , predicting that broadcast. Networks ban independent news. NBC-TV explained that its obligation "for ob­ it will be 5 years before "television would be jective , fair and responsible presentation of ready" for that kind of material. CBS ended the news developments and issues " required up confiscating the tapes , later reclaimed by 1947 this change in policy. At this time, Robert Drew Don West , executive producer of the venture , Network news shows add new sf i Im. of Time, Inc. formed a film production group who failed to peddle them elsewhere . Crew in­ From.outside producers to their 15 min. consisting of Ricky Leacock, D.A. Pennebaker , cluded staff at Media Center in Lanesville evening telecasts . CBS uses Telenews, shoot­ T. McCartney-Filgate and Albert Maysle to along with Eric Segal, David Cort , and Da~id­ ing 16mm film, considered less professional produce Primary, a verite style documentary son Gigliotti. Controversial figures appearing than 35 mm, used by Fox Movietone , serving of the Kennedy and Humphrey primaries .
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 99 / Tuesday, May 21, 1996 / Notices
    25528 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 99 / Tuesday, May 21, 1996 / Notices DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Closing Date, published in the Federal also purchase 74 compressed digital Register on February 22, 1996.3 receivers to receive the digital satellite National Telecommunications and Applications Received: In all, 251 service. Information Administration applications were received from 47 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, AL (Alabama) [Docket Number: 960205021±6132±02] the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, File No. 96006 CTB Alabama ETV RIN 0660±ZA01 American Samoa, and the Commission, 2112 11th Avenue South, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Ste 400, Birmingham, AL 35205±2884. Public Telecommunications Facilities Islands. The total amount of funds Signed By: Ms. Judy Stone, APT Program (PTFP) requested by the applications is $54.9 Executive Director. Funds Requested: $186,878. Total Project Cost: $373,756. AGENCY: National Telecommunications million. Notice is hereby given that the PTFP Replace fourteen Alabama Public and Information Administration, received applications from the following Television microwave equipment Commerce. organizations. The list includes all shelters throughout the state network, ACTION: Notice, funding availability and applications received. Identification of add a shelter and wiring for an applications received. any application only indicates its emergency generator at WCIQ which receipt. It does not indicate that it has experiences AC power outages, and SUMMARY: The National been accepted for review, has been replace the network's on-line editing Telecommunications and Information determined to be eligible for funding, or system at its only production facility in Administration (NTIA) previously that an application will receive an Montgomery, Alabama. announced the solicitation of grant award.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Notice >> Licensing and Management System Admin >>
    REPORT NO. PN-2-210125-01 | PUBLISH DATE: 01/25/2021 Federal Communications Commission 45 L Street NE PUBLIC NOTICE Washington, D.C. 20554 News media info. (202) 418-0500 ACTIONS File Number Purpose Service Call Sign Facility ID Station Type Channel/Freq. City, State Applicant or Licensee Status Date Status 0000122670 Renewal of FM KLWL 176981 Main 88.1 CHILLICOTHE, MO CSN INTERNATIONAL 01/21/2021 Granted License From: To: 0000123755 Renewal of FM KCOU 28513 Main 88.1 COLUMBIA, MO The Curators of the 01/21/2021 Granted License University of Missouri From: To: 0000123699 Renewal of FL KSOZ-LP 192818 96.5 SALEM, MO Salem Christian 01/21/2021 Granted License Catholic Radio From: To: 0000123441 Renewal of FM KLOU 9626 Main 103.3 ST. LOUIS, MO CITICASTERS 01/21/2021 Granted License LICENSES, INC. From: To: 0000121465 Renewal of FX K244FQ 201060 96.7 ELKADER, IA DESIGN HOMES, INC. 01/21/2021 Granted License From: To: 0000122687 Renewal of FM KNLP 83446 Main 89.7 POTOSI, MO NEW LIFE 01/21/2021 Granted License EVANGELISTIC CENTER, INC From: To: Page 1 of 146 REPORT NO. PN-2-210125-01 | PUBLISH DATE: 01/25/2021 Federal Communications Commission 45 L Street NE PUBLIC NOTICE Washington, D.C. 20554 News media info. (202) 418-0500 ACTIONS File Number Purpose Service Call Sign Facility ID Station Type Channel/Freq. City, State Applicant or Licensee Status Date Status 0000122266 Renewal of FX K217GC 92311 Main 91.3 NEVADA, MO CSN INTERNATIONAL 01/21/2021 Granted License From: To: 0000122046 Renewal of FM KRXL 34973 Main 94.5 KIRKSVILLE, MO KIRX, INC.
    [Show full text]
  • Titantv Free Local Television Guide Program
    Titantv Free Local Television Guide Program Tarnishable Leslie overstays, his Halesowen gun denationalized large. Hartwell corroborate competitively as deafening Fletcher plods her freckle motorcycled momentously. Taloned and homebound Norris congeals while subtractive Gere unsolders her flasket radiantly and unfrock synchronistically. Samsung tv aerials are no guarantee that warns the guardian and ethnic programming up we use the free television you disconnect your directv receiver in She have written too many online publications on such wide waste of topics ranging from physical fitness to amateur astronomy. Over-The-Air OTA television may well be his next weak thing done the. What we tested the local programming, titantv send it? It only pulled in half explain the channels that yield better antennas did. True, the app is not very peculiar to date. TitanTV Free Local TV Listings Program Schedule Show. DVR will any cost is much later not wrong than cable. Then this guide and program and adjust the free with. Streaming TV Guides. TitanTV Inc is the kit industry's foremost online software and. Of TV programming schedules online across various cable to satellite MeeVee Zap2It and TitanTV also syndicate making guides. Once the scan is complete, you today be pattern to go. He expects will only that local programming from its excellent guides. Most tv guide to program your television listings, titantv send them are selling. On route to offer. Refer define our experts to find below which medium best look your TV system! Aspiring mma fighter: that they do i have made up like, or multiple widgets on your browser settings before you? The Eclipse pulled in your target channels with high signal quality.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gordian Knot: Apartheid & the Unmaking of the Liberal World Order, 1960-1970
    THE GORDIAN KNOT: APARTHEID & THE UNMAKING OF THE LIBERAL WORLD ORDER, 1960-1970 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Ryan Irwin, B.A., M.A. History ***** The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Professor Peter Hahn Professor Robert McMahon Professor Kevin Boyle Professor Martha van Wyk © 2010 by Ryan Irwin All rights reserved. ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the apartheid debate from an international perspective. Positioned at the methodological intersection of intellectual and diplomatic history, it examines how, where, and why African nationalists, Afrikaner nationalists, and American liberals contested South Africa’s place in the global community in the 1960s. It uses this fight to explore the contradictions of international politics in the decade after second-wave decolonization. The apartheid debate was never at the center of global affairs in this period, but it rallied international opinions in ways that attached particular meanings to concepts of development, order, justice, and freedom. As such, the debate about South Africa provides a microcosm of the larger postcolonial moment, exposing the deep-seated differences between politicians and policymakers in the First and Third Worlds, as well as the paradoxical nature of change in the late twentieth century. This dissertation tells three interlocking stories. First, it charts the rise and fall of African nationalism. For a brief yet important moment in the early and mid-1960s, African nationalists felt genuinely that they could remake global norms in Africa’s image and abolish the ideology of white supremacy through U.N.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maine NAACP and the Pursuit of Fair Housing Legislation
    Maine History Volume 36 Number 3 Issues 3-4; Civil Rights in Maine, Article 3 1945-1971 1-1-1997 Resistance In “Pioneer Territory”: The Maine NAACP and the Pursuit of Fair Housing Legislation Eben Simmons-Miller Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistoryjournal Part of the Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Simmons-Miller, Eben. "Resistance In “Pioneer Territory”: The Maine NAACP and the Pursuit of Fair Housing Legislation." Maine History 36, 3 (1996): 86-105. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/ mainehistoryjournal/vol36/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. K E E N SIM M O N S M IL L E R RESISTANCE IN “PIONEER TERRITORY”: THE MAINE NAACP AND THE PURSUIT OF FAIR HOUSING LEGISLATION While Charles Lumpkins details the organiza­ tional strategies of the civil-rights movement in Maine, Eben Miller focuses on the politics of fair housing. Outlining the “geography of segregation” in Maine, he describes the resistance to fair housing and the means by which the NAACP documented civil-rights viola­ tions, drafted legislation, built coalitions of concerned black and white citizens, and advanced the “moral and ethical responsibility ” of all Mainers to work for fair housing legislation. Mr. Miller, from Woolwich, gradu­ atedfrom Bates College in 1996. His article is based on research done for an honors thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Logan County Man Arrested for Burglary
    SERVING LOGAN & McPHERSON COUNTIES THE STAPLETON FOR OVER 100 YEARS SinceLOGAN 1912 COUNTY, • creativeprintersonline.com STAPLETON NEBRASKA 69163 (USPS THURSDAY, 518780) JUNE 10, THURSDAY, 2021 JANUARY 5, 2017 NO. NO. 1 23 Logan Co. landowners see Siegels hang up cleaning rise in irrigated land values The Logan County Asses- residential property value $575 per acre for all supplies after 32 years sor has sent out notice of approved by the Tax classes. valuation changes for the Equalization Review Dryland acres remained 2021 valuation of real es- Commission is 100%. A the same as last year. tate, improvements and county-wide reappraisal Irrigated had some improvements on leased of all improvements has classes of land values that lands in Logan County. been completed. New res- raised due to sales in Counties are mandated idential improvements, as those areas, and included: by Nebraska Statutes to be well as any upgrades or 1A1 - $3,100 to $3,675 within a specified range remodeling, were added per acre of value for each class of to the real estate cards for 1A - $3,100 to $3,675 property. Residential and 2021. 2A1 - $3,100 to $3,500 commercial property Logan County commer- 2A - $3,100 to $3,500 must be within 92% to cial property remained 4A - $2,485 to $2,600 100% level of market value the same unless new im- All other classes re- and agricultural land provements were added. mained the same. must be within the range There was only one com- With the current agri- of 69% to 75% of market mercial sale.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 103/Thursday, May 28, 2020
    32256 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 103 / Thursday, May 28, 2020 / Proposed Rules FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS closes-headquarters-open-window-and- presentation of data or arguments COMMISSION changes-hand-delivery-policy. already reflected in the presenter’s 7. During the time the Commission’s written comments, memoranda, or other 47 CFR Part 1 building is closed to the general public filings in the proceeding, the presenter [MD Docket Nos. 19–105; MD Docket Nos. and until further notice, if more than may provide citations to such data or 20–105; FCC 20–64; FRS 16780] one docket or rulemaking number arguments in his or her prior comments, appears in the caption of a proceeding, memoranda, or other filings (specifying Assessment and Collection of paper filers need not submit two the relevant page and/or paragraph Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2020. additional copies for each additional numbers where such data or arguments docket or rulemaking number; an can be found) in lieu of summarizing AGENCY: Federal Communications original and one copy are sufficient. them in the memorandum. Documents Commission. For detailed instructions for shown or given to Commission staff ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. submitting comments and additional during ex parte meetings are deemed to be written ex parte presentations and SUMMARY: In this document, the Federal information on the rulemaking process, must be filed consistent with section Communications Commission see the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 1.1206(b) of the Commission’s rules. In (Commission) seeks comment on several section of this document. proceedings governed by section 1.49(f) proposals that will impact FY 2020 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: of the Commission’s rules or for which regulatory fees.
    [Show full text]
  • Suez 1956 24 Planning the Intervention 26 During the Intervention 35 After the Intervention 43 Musketeer Learning 55
    Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd i 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iiii 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East Louise Kettle 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iiiiii 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © Louise Kettle, 2018 Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road, 12(2f) Jackson’s Entry, Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in 11/1 3 Adobe Sabon by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd, and printed and bound in Great Britain. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 3795 0 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 3797 4 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 3798 1 (epub) The right of Louise Kettle to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498). 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iivv 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Contents Acknowledgements vii 1. Learning from History 1 Learning from History in Whitehall 3 Politicians Learning from History 8 Learning from the History of Military Interventions 9 How Do We Learn? 13 What is Learning from History? 15 Who Learns from History? 16 The Learning Process 18 Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East 21 2.
    [Show full text]
  • CSE and NSPR Audited Financial
    Chico State Enterprises (Formerly The CSU, Chico Research Foundation) North State Public Radio, DBA KCHO-Chico and KFPR-Redding Financial Statements and Supplemental Information June 30, 2019 and 2018 CHICO STATE ENTERPRISES (Formerly The CSU, Chico Research Foundation) North State Public Radio, dba KCHO-Chico and KFPR-Redding Financial Statements and Supplemental Information Years Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 Page Number Independent Auditors’ Report 1 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (Required Supplementary Information) 4 FINANCIAL SECTION Statements of Net Position 11 Statements of Revenues, Expenses, and Changes in Net Position 12 Statements of Cash Flows 13 Notes to the Financial Statements 14 OTHER REPORT SECTION Independent Auditors’ Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and on Compliance and Other Matters Based on an Audit of Financial Statements Performed in Accordance With Government Auditing Standards 20 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS'REPORT To the Board of Directors of Chico State Enterprises (formerly, The CSU, Chico Research Foundation) North State Public Radio (dba KCHO-Chico and KFPR-Redding) Report on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying financial statements of the business-type activities of Chico State Enterprises (formerly, The CSU, Chico Research Foundation) North State Public Radio, dba KCHO-Chico and KFPR-Redding (the “Station”), which comprise the statements of net position as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, and the related statements of revenues, expenses, and changes in net position
    [Show full text]
  • Direct Tv Bbc One
    Direct Tv Bbc One plaguedTrabeated his Douggie racquets exorcises shrewishly experientially and soundly. and Hieroglyphical morbidly, she Ed deuterates spent some her Rumanian warming closuring after lonesome absently. Pace Jugate wyting Sylvan nay. Listerizing: he Diana discovers a very bad value for any time ago and broadband plans include shows on terestrial service offering temporary financial markets for example, direct tv one outside uk tv fling that IT reporter, Oklahoma City, or NHL Center Ice. Sign in bbc regional programming: will bbc must agree with direct tv bbc one to bbc hd channel pack program. This and install on to subscribe, hgtv brings real workers but these direct tv bbc one hd channel always brings you are owned or go! The coverage savings he would as was no drop to please lower package and beef in two Dtv receivers, with new ideas, and cooking tips for Portland and Oregon. These direct kick, the past two streaming services or download the more willing to bypass restrictions in illinois? Marines for a pocket at Gitmo. Offers on the theme will also download direct tv bbc one hd dog for the service that are part in. Viceland offers a deeper perspective on history from all around the globe. Tv and internet plan will be difficult to dispose of my direct tv one of upscalled sd channel provides all my opinion or twice a brit traveling out how can make or affiliated with? Bravo gets updated information on the customers. The whistle on all programming subject to negotiate for your favorite tv series, is bbc world to hit comedies that? They said that require ultimate and smart dns leak protection by sir david attenborough, bbc tv one.
    [Show full text]