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DOE EA-2146 Final Environmental Assessment for the MARVEL

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DOE EA-2146 Final Environmental Assessment for the MARVEL DOE/EA-2146 Final Environmental Assessment for the Microreactor Applications Research, Validation, and Evaluation (MARVEL) Project at Idaho National Laboratory June 2021 DOE/ID-2146 Final Environmental Assessment for the Microreactor Applications Research, Validation, and Evaluation (MARVEL) Project at Idaho National Laboratory June 2021 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy DOE Idaho Operations Office i i CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Purpose and Need ..................................................................................................................... 1 2. ALTERNATIVES .............................................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Proposed Action - Microreactor Applications Research, Validation and Evaluation (MARVEL) Project .................................................................................................................. 3 2.1.1 Reactor Structure System ............................................................................................ 5 2.1.2 Secondary Containment Structure .............................................................................. 5 2.1.3 Core System ................................................................................................................ 5 2.1.4 Reactor Coolant System .............................................................................................. 7 2.1.5 Power Conversion and Heat Rejection System ......................................................... 10 2.1.6 Fuel System ............................................................................................................... 11 2.1.7 Reactivity Control Systems ....................................................................................... 13 2.1.8 Radiation Shielding System ...................................................................................... 15 2.1.9 Siting and Operations ................................................................................................ 16 2.1.10 Deactivation and Decommissioning ......................................................................... 20 2.2 Alternative 2 – No Action ...................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Alternatives Considered and Eliminated from Analysis ........................................................ 21 3. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ........................................ 22 3.1 Idaho National Laboratory Site .............................................................................................. 24 3.2 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................. 29 3.2.1 Impacts to Air Quality ............................................................................................... 29 3.3 Ecological Resources ............................................................................................................. 32 3.3.1 Impacts to Ecological Resources .............................................................................. 32 3.4 Cultural and Historic Resources ............................................................................................. 33 3.5 Geology .................................................................................................................................. 35 3.6 Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................... 38 3.7 Waste Management ................................................................................................................ 39 3.8 Spent Nuclear Fuel ................................................................................................................. 42 3.9 Radiation Exposure and Risk ................................................................................................. 45 3.9.1 Impacts from Radiation Exposure and Risk .............................................................. 45 3.9.2 Accident Analysis ..................................................................................................... 47 3.10 Nonradiological Health and Safety ........................................................................................ 49 3.11 Emergency Preparedness ....................................................................................................... 50 3.12 Intentional Destructive Acts ................................................................................................... 50 3.13 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 51 4. PERMITS AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 52 5. COORDINATION AND CONSULTATION .................................................................................. 63 5.1 Shoshone-Bannock Tribes ..................................................................................................... 63 5.2 State of Idaho ......................................................................................................................... 63 ii 5.3 Congressional ......................................................................................................................... 63 5.4 Idaho Department of Environmental Quality ......................................................................... 63 6. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 63 FIGURES Figure 1. MARVEL microreactor pre-conceptual product design. ............................................................... 4 Figure 2. Cross section of the MARVEL microreactor 36-fuel element reactor core. ................................. 6 Figure 4. Design of the Primary Coolant System and IHX. .......................................................................... 8 Figure 5. Power conversion and heat rejection equipment. ........................................................................ 10 Figure 6. Section schematic of Stirling engine heat exchangers and intermediate lead-bismuth loop. ...... 11 Figure 7. Fuel pin assembly. ....................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 8. Reactivity control system (showing two of the four CD drive systems). .................................... 14 Figure 9. Cross section view of MARVEL microreactor with shielding. ................................................... 15 Figure 10. Layout of MARVEL microreactor in the TREAT Reactor building. ........................................ 19 Figure 11. Location of the INL Site. ........................................................................................................... 27 Figure 12. INL Site and facilities. ............................................................................................................... 28 Figure 13. Location of the Snake River Plain and the INL Site. ................................................................ 36 Figure 14. Earthquakes occurring from 1850 to 2014 with magnitudes >2.0 in areas surrounding the INL Site. ............................................................................................................................................................. 38 TABLES Table 1. MARVEL microreactor design parameters. ................................................................................... 3 Table 2. Dimensions of TREAT Pit. ........................................................................................................... 15 Table 3. Non-safety related I&C components............................................................................................. 16 Table 4. Alternatives considered for the MARVEL microreactor and criteria for elimination from further analysis. ....................................................................................................................................................... 21 Table 5. Geographic area in which impacts from the MARVEL microreactor are anticipated to occur. ... 23 Table 6. Annual LLW Generations rates for MFC, TREAT and the MARVEL microreactor. .................. 40 Table 7. MARVEL microreactor personnel anticipated annual worker dose and LCF. ............................. 46 Table 8. TREAT personnel microreactor anticipated increase in annual worker dose and LCF. ............... 46 Table 9. Annual radiation doses to INL workers during operations from 2014 to 2018. ........................... 46 Table 10. Summary of dose impacts for the highest postulated accident consequences for the MARVEL microreactor. ............................................................................................................................................... 48 Table 11. Summary of dose impacts for the highest postulated accident consequences for the TREAT Reactor and MARVEL microreactor at the TREAT Control Building and nearest INL Site boundary..... 51 iii Table 12. Summary of environmental impacts under the
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