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Analyse De La Traduction D'un Texte Multimodal : La Bande Dessinée

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Analyse De La Traduction D'un Texte Multimodal : La Bande Dessinée Université de Montréal Analyse de la traduction d’un texte multimodal : la bande dessinée Le cas de Mujeres alteradas par Malka Irina Acosta Padilla Département de linguistique et de traduction Faculté des arts et des sciences Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de en Maîtrise ès arts (M.A.) en traduction option recherche Août 2015 © Malka Irina Acosta Padilla, 2015 Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales Ce mémoire intitulé : Analyse de la traduction d’un texte multimodal : la bande dessinée Le cas de Mujeres alteradas Présenté par : Malka Irina Acosta Padilla a été évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes : Hélène Buzelin, présidente-rapporteuse Álvaro Echeverri, directeur de recherche Marie-Alice Belle, membre du jury Résumé La présente recherche porte sur la traduction de la bande dessinée. Ce sujet, auparavant négligé par les traductologes, commence à susciter l’intérêt des chercheurs à partir les années 80. Toutefois, la plupart des travaux se sont concentrés sur l’aspect linguistique des BD. Ce mémoire, par contre, aborde la bande dessinée comme un texte multimodal. Il s’inscrit ainsi à la croisée des domaines de la traduction et de la multimodalité telle que proposée dans les travaux de Gunther Kress et Theo Van Leeuwen (2001). L’objectif de cette recherche est d’implanter un outil d’analyse pour la bande dessinée qui permettrait de rendre compte des différents modes intervenant dans le texte. Cet outil, conçu pour la présente recherche, a été développé à partir des travaux de Hatim et Mason (1990, 1997) sur les trois dimensions de la situation de communication : transaction communicative, action pragmatique et interaction sémiotique. L’analyse menée ici porte sur la traduction vers le français de la bande dessinée argentine Mujeres alteradas de Maitena Burundarena, parue sous le titre de Les déjantées. Mots-clés : traduction, tradutologie, bande dessinée, comics, multimodalité, Mujeres alteradas, Les déjantées, Maitena. i Abstract The present research deals with the translation of comics. This topic, long time neglected by translation scholars, has started to attract researchers from the 80s. The research on the subject, however, has focused mainly in the linguistic aspect of comics. This paper, on the other hand, deals with comics as multimodal texts. It is thus at the cross-roads of both Translation Studies and Multimodality as defined by Gunther Kress and Theo Van Leeuwen (2001). The aim of this research is to apply a tool which allows to describe the different modes contained in the text. This tool, created for this research, is based on Hatim and Mason’s (1990, 1997) Three Dimensions of Context : Communicative Transaction, Pragmatic Action and Semiotic Interaction. This paper studies the French translation of Mujeres alteradas, an Argentinian comics created by Maitena Burundarena and published in France as Les déjantées. Keywords : translation, translation studies, bande dessinée, comics, multimodality, Mujeres alteradas, Les déjantées, Maitena. ii Table des matières Résumé ......................................................................................................................................... i Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... ii Table des matières...................................................................................................................... iii Liste des graphiques ................................................................................................................... vi Liste des figures ........................................................................................................................ vii Liste des sigles ......................................................................................................................... viii Remerciements ............................................................................................................................ x Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 1. La bande dessinée ................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Bref historique de la bande dessinée ................................................................................ 3 1.2. Définition et dénominations ............................................................................................. 7 1.2.1. Types de bande dessinée ......................................................................................... 11 1.2.2. Lectorat ................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.3. Femmes et bande dessinée ...................................................................................... 13 1.3. La bande dessinée et la traduction ................................................................................. 16 1.3.1. La traduction de bandes dessinées dans l’espace francophone européen ............... 16 1.3.2. Bande dessinée et traductologie .............................................................................. 16 2. Cadre théorique ..................................................................................................................... 25 2.1. Multimodalité ................................................................................................................. 25 2.2. Multimodalité et traduction............................................................................................ 28 2.3. Les modes dans la bande dessinée ................................................................................. 29 2.3.1. Mise en page ........................................................................................................... 32 2.3.1.1. La case ............................................................................................................. 33 2.3.1.2. La gouttière et les transitions ........................................................................... 34 2.3.2. Image....................................................................................................................... 35 2.3.2.1. Plans ................................................................................................................. 35 iii 2.3.2.2. Angles de vue ................................................................................................... 35 2.3.2.3 Couleur .............................................................................................................. 36 2.3.2.4. Types d’images ................................................................................................ 36 2.3.3 Gestes et postures ..................................................................................................... 38 2.3.4. Langue..................................................................................................................... 39 2.4. Humour .......................................................................................................................... 41 2.4.1. L’humour ................................................................................................................ 41 2.4.2. L’humour et les femmes ......................................................................................... 42 2.4.3. La traduction de l’humour ...................................................................................... 44 2.4.4. Humour, bande dessinée et multimodalité .............................................................. 46 3. Méthodologie ........................................................................................................................ 48 3.1. Choix de la méthodologie .............................................................................................. 48 3.2. Présentation du corpus ................................................................................................... 54 3.2.1. Mujeres alteradas ................................................................................................... 54 3.2.1.1. L’auteure .......................................................................................................... 55 3.2.2. Les déjantées ........................................................................................................... 56 3.3. Méthode d’analyse ......................................................................................................... 56 3.4.1. Por qué es tan odioso para una mujer preguntarle a su familia, ¿qué quieren comer? ........................................................................................................................................... 59 3.4.1.1. Transaction communicative ............................................................................. 61 3.4.1.2. Action pragmatique .......................................................................................... 63 3.4.1.3. Interaction sémiotique ...................................................................................... 64 3.4.2. Las típicas dos caras de la misma moneda (…y el saludable punto medio ¿dónde queda? ............................................................................................................................... 65 3.4.2.1. Transaction communicative
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