0 Dec 12 Preface Material (All)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

0 Dec 12 Preface Material (All) By the Road: Fordism, Automobility, and Landscape Experience in the British Columbia Interior, 1920-1970 by Ben Bradley A thesis submitted to the Department of History in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada December 2012 © Copyright by Ben Bradley, 2012 By the Road: Fordism, Automobility, and Landscape Experience in the British Columbia Interior, 1920-1970 Ben Bradley Abstract This dissertation examines how popular experiences of nature and history in the British Columbia Interior were structured by automobility – the system of objects, spaces, images, and practices that surrounded private automobiles and public roads. The Fordist state poured massive resources into the provincial road network during the period 1920 to 1970, and in the process created new possibilities for leisure and for profit. Motoring was a new, very modern way of experiencing BC, and also an important economic engine. Making the province’s highways and the landscapes that were visible alongside them look appealing to the motoring public became a matter of concern for many different parties. Boosters, businesses, and tourism promoters who stood to benefit from increased automobile travel often cultivated roadside attractions and lobbied the state to do the same. Starting in the early 1940s, the provincial government established numerous parks along the Interior highway network: the two examined here are Manning and Hamber parks. Beginning in the late 1950s it did the same with historical sites: Barkerville, Fort Steele, and several others are examined here. These and other parks and historic sites were established, developed, and managed as roadside amenities, and were used to deliver lessons about nature and history to the motoring public ‘by the road.’ Drawing on a wide range of examples from across the BC Interior, including both successes and failures, this thesis examines how the motoring public’s common landscape experiences ii were shaped by state-built infrastructure and by various groups’ efforts to manage, manipulate, and modify the landscapes that were visible by the road. iii Acknowledgments The research for this dissertation was supported by a Canada Graduate Scholarship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). BC Studies and the University of Calgary Press have given permission to use maps that accompanied an article and a book chapter that were based on this research and which appeared in their publications. My supervisory committee has been very patient as this project ranged hither and thither, sometimes speeding forward, sometimes venturing down unexpected paths, and other times getting stuck on the side of the metaphorical road. Ian McKay and Colin Duncan were especially generous with their time in the final stages of the journey, helping to steer the project homeward when I felt as though I’d misplaced my roadmap. Thanks also to Emily Hill and external examiners Rick Rajala and Laura Cameron, who all provided thoughtful and useful insights. It has been my good fortune to be writing this dissertation while environmental history has been on the rise in Canada, providing many opportunities to share aspects of this research to a receptive scholarly community. The Quelques Arpents de Neige migratory workshop and the Toronto Environmental History Network (TEHN) have both offered friendly venues to test-drive chapters from Part One of this dissertation. Generous support from the Network in Canadian History and Environment (NiCHE) also allowed me to attend several conferences and workshops where I presented some of this research. In Toronto I have particularly benefitted from a dissertation-reading group comprised of iv Jennifer Bonnell, Jim Clifford, and Jay Young, three excellent historians who share my interest in environment, landscape, and infrastructure. Though we have not had the pleasure of meeting in person, Chris Garrish and Andrea Laforet kindly allowed me to read their as-yet unpublished manuscripts on BC license plates and the market for native peoples’ coiled basketry. For the opportunity to bounce ideas about this project around, whether at a workshop, on a conference panel, or simply over coffee or lunch, I’d like to thank: Dimitry Anastakis, Claire Campbell, Jenny Clayton, Colin Coates, Lyle Dick, Sinead Earley, Chris Gergley, Ben Isitt, Beth Jewett, Jack Little, John Lutz, Merle Massie, Steve Penfold, Liza Piper, Zac Robinson, Joan Schwartz, Andrew Watson, Graeme Wynn, and most importantly Ruth Sandwell, who has been unflagging in her interest and support. It is impossible to write a history dissertation without the help of archivists and museum staff. The main evidentiary building blocks for this project were made available by the British Columbia Archives, the British Columbia Ministry of Forests Library, and the special collections at the University of British Columbia and University of Victoria libraries. I am also thankful for the assistance provided by the dedicated staff and volunteers working at the community museums and archives in Golden, Invermere, Kamloops, Lytton, Princeton, Quesnel, Prince George, and Revelstoke. Finally, I thank my brother, my mum and dad, and my partner Jan for their unstinting affection and support. v Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………….. ii Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………… iv Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………… vi List of Figures………………………………………………………………………… viii Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………… x Chapter 1 Automobility and the Making of New Kinds of Experience and Place in the British Columbia Interior………………………………. 1 Part I: Shaping Nature by the Road in the BC Interior…………………………………. 36 Chapter 2 The Road Towards a Park in BC’s Cascade Mountains, 1919-1941…………………… 43 Chapter 3 Planning Manning Park Around the Motoring Public, 1941-1949…………………….. 81 Chapter 4 Manning Park and the Aesthetics of Automobile Accessibility in the 1950s…………. 119 Chapter 5 Maintaining Appearances in Manning Park, 1955-1970……………………………… 164 Chapter 6 The Roundabout Route to a Park in BC’s Big Bend Country, 1925-1941……………. 206 Chapter 7 Long, Wild, and Boring: The Failure of Both Hamber Park and the Big Bend Highway, 1941-1973…………... 244 Part II: Shaping History by the Road in the BC Interior………………………………. 336 Chapter 8 The Banff-Windermere Highway and the David Thompson Memorial Fort, 1920-1945………………………………… 345 Chapter 9 BC’s Premier Drive Into the Past: The Fraser Canyon Highway, 1925-1945………… 387 vi Chapter 10 To the Gold Fields: The Cariboo Highway, 1925-1945………………………………. 420 Chapter 11 A Sense of Crisis Amidst Prosperity: History by the Road in the BC Interior, 1945-1955…………………………………... 474 Chapter 12 Active Government and History by the Road: The Stop of Interest Program and Barkerville Historic Park, 1955-1970……………... 512 Chapter 13 History on the Highways: The Proliferation of Major Historical Tourist Attractions, 1958-1970………………... 581 Chapter 14 Looking Back on British Columbia By the Road……………………………………... 636 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………... 657 vii List of Figures Figure 1.1: Map of the British Columbia Interior………………………………………. 13 Figure 2.1: Map of southwestern BC from Wrigley’s British Columbia Directory…….. 47 Figure 2.2: Trail riding in the Three Brothers area, 1930s……………………………... 60 Figure 2.2: Letterhead of the Penticton Board of Trade, mid and late 1930s…………... 76 Figure 3.1: The Similkameen flats in the mid 1940s…………………………………… 90 Figure 4.1: The Skagit Bluffs and roadside pullout, early 1950s……………………... 124 Figure 4.2: The Big Burn and Manning Park Gallows, mid 1950s…………………… 133 Figure 4.3: Map of Manning Park in 1952……………………………………………. 136 Figure 4.4: The Pinewoods concession complex in 1951……………………………… 158 Figure 6.1: Map of transportation routes and parks in BC’s eastern mountains, 1927... 212 Figure 7.1: Map of Hamber Park and the Big Bend Highway, 1941………………….. 246 Figure 7.2: A typical section of the Big Bend Highway………………………………. 282 Figure 8.1: The David Thompson Memorial Fort, 1922……………………………… 368 Figure 8.2: The interior of the David Thompson Memorial Fort, 1922………………. 371 Figure 9.1: The Fraser Canyon Highway, late 1920s.………………………………… 401 Figure 9.2: The Fraser Canyon between Hope and Yale……………………………… 407 Figure 10.1: Advertising for TU Auto Camp at Cache Creek………………………… 422 Figure 10.2: Stagecoach on display at Clinton………………………………………... 433 Figure 10.3: Open-air museum at Quesnel……………………………………………. 442 Figure 10.4: Barkerville, 1930………………………………………………………… 456 Figure 11.1: Fraser Canyon Highway, late 1950s……………………………………... 487 Figure 11.2: Service station and HSMBC cairn at Alexandria, late 1950s……………. 494 Figure 12.1: Stagecoach Run at Clinton Hotel, 1958…………………………………. 521 Figure 12.2: Stop of Interest marker at Osoyoos……………………………………… 547 Figure 12.3: Barkerville Historic Park, 1961………………………………………….. 565 viii Figure 13.1: The David Thompson Memorial Fort, 1954…………………………….. 592 Figure 13.2: Boarded up buildings in Fort Steele, 1957………………………………. 599 Figure 13.3: Fort Steele Historic Park after 1967……………………………………... 612 Figure 13.4: Frontier Mountain Town at Three Valley Gap…………………………... 620 Figure 13.5: The SS Minto ashore at Galena Bay, mid 1960s………………………… 630 Figure 13.6: The SS Minto ablaze, 1968………………………………………………. 634 ix Abbreviations BCA British Columbia Archives BCAA British Columbia Automobile Association BCMFL British Columbia Ministry of Forests Library BRAC Barkerville Restoration Advisory Council BX
Recommended publications
  • Canal Flats Is Half Way Between Cranbrook to Its South and Invermere to Its North
    CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Location ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Demographics ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 Total Population .................................................................................................................................................... 4 Population Projections .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Age Characteristics................................................................................................................................................ 4 Families & Households .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Family Characteristics ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Marital Status ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 Mobility ....................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnohistory of the Kootenai Indians
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1983 Ethnohistory of the Kootenai Indians Cynthia J. Manning The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Manning, Cynthia J., "Ethnohistory of the Kootenai Indians" (1983). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5855. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5855 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 Th is is an unpublished m a n u s c r ip t in w h ic h c o p y r ig h t su b ­ s i s t s . Any further r e p r in t in g of it s c o n ten ts must be a ppro ved BY THE AUTHOR. MANSFIELD L ib r a r y Un iv e r s it y of Montana D a te : 1 9 8 3 AN ETHNOHISTORY OF THE KOOTENAI INDIANS By Cynthia J. Manning B.A., University of Pittsburgh, 1978 Presented in partial fu lfillm en t of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1983 Approved by: Chair, Board of Examiners Fan, Graduate Sch __________^ ^ c Z 3 ^ ^ 3 Date UMI Number: EP36656 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining in British Columbia
    BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES HON. R. E. SOMMERS, Minister JOHN F. WALKEE, Deputy Minister MINING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA An Outline of the Development of the Industry VICTORIA, B.C. Printed by DON MCDIARMID, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty 1954 BCEMPR MiSC PUB-33 c.3 nisc 0005073968 PUB-33 c-3 BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES E. SOMMERS, Minister JOHN F. WALKER, Deputy Minister MINING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA An Outline of the Development of the Industry VICTORIA, B.C. Primed by DON MCDIAHMID, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty 1954 This pamphlet deals principally with the history of mining activity in British Columbia to the end of the year 1953. The written account is supplemented by a selection of photographs. MINING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA It is a curious fact that, although what is now British Columbia possessed a vast wealth of visible resources, little attention was paid to them in the eighty years following Captain Cook's visit to the west coast of Vancouver Island in 1778. Such interest as was aroused was mainly in furs. It was interest in fur that led John Meares to establish his short-lived post at Nootka, and interest in fur that spurred Alexander Mackenzie, Simon Fraser, and David Thompson to undertake their arduous expeditions into British Colum• bia from the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains. In the period from 1805 to 1849 fifteen posts were established along the routes of the fur brigades, and here and there the Oblate Fathers had planted churches among the tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • Lt. Aemilius Simpson's Survey from York Factory to Fort Vancouver, 1826
    The Journal of the Hakluyt Society August 2014 Lt. Aemilius Simpson’s Survey from York Factory to Fort Vancouver, 1826 Edited by William Barr1 and Larry Green CONTENTS PREFACE The journal 2 Editorial practices 3 INTRODUCTION The man, the project, its background and its implementation 4 JOURNAL OF A VOYAGE ACROSS THE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICA IN 1826 York Factory to Norway House 11 Norway House to Carlton House 19 Carlton House to Fort Edmonton 27 Fort Edmonton to Boat Encampment, Columbia River 42 Boat Encampment to Fort Vancouver 62 AFTERWORD Aemilius Simpson and the Northwest coast 1826–1831 81 APPENDIX I Biographical sketches 90 APPENDIX II Table of distances in statute miles from York Factory 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY 101 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1. George Simpson, 1857 3 Fig. 2. York Factory 1853 4 Fig. 3. Artist’s impression of George Simpson, approaching a post in his personal North canoe 5 Fig. 4. Fort Vancouver ca.1854 78 LIST OF MAPS Map 1. York Factory to the Forks of the Saskatchewan River 7 Map 2. Carlton House to Boat Encampment 27 Map 3. Jasper to Fort Vancouver 65 1 Senior Research Associate, Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada. 2 PREFACE The Journal The journal presented here2 is transcribed from the original manuscript written in Aemilius Simpson’s hand. It is fifty folios in length in a bound volume of ninety folios, the final forty folios being blank. Each page measures 12.8 inches by seven inches and is lined with thirty- five faint, horizontal blue-grey lines.
    [Show full text]
  • Order in Council 462/1919
    462 Approved and ordered this day of Lleutenant.Governor. At the Executive Council Chamber, Victoria, PRESENT: The Honourable c)- Mr.Ulivar in the Chair. Mr.B tall° Mr.liacLe tut Mr.2ar ri 8 Mr.klar t Mr.Bur row Mr.310 an Mr.1.: inc To His Honour The Lieutenant-Governor in Council: The undersigned has the honour to 7HAT Section 5 of Chapter 17 of the Statutes of 1912, provides for the Division of tne Province into Forest Districts; AID to recommend that Districts be established in accordance with the Schedule attoched hereto. DATED THIS 1' A.D. 1919. 1-.ioter of Lands. l".7] /4 DAY OF a L.D. 1919. 2ToL-Aain:: :.ember of the ILIxecutive Coun-::. ( DESCRInTIO1:S OF 70nEJTET DISTnICTS. NELSONFOE:2TRY DISTRICT: Commencing It a'point on tne International Boundary line being the S.E. corner of Section 4, Township b6, Osoyoos now Similkameen Division of Yale District; thence due North to the Coutherly boundary of the waterehne cf ..lanen Creek; thence Northerly following the .lesterly boundary of the watershed of LIM:annoy Creek and Kettle :aver and its tributaries to point whore such boundary intersects the nestorly boundary of the Kootenay Land District. Thence Northerly along the said nestern boundary of Kootenay Land District to the South boundary of the Dominion Government railway -.3elt. Thence Easterly along the Southerly boundary of said Railway Belt to the Eastern boundary of the watershed of Duncan River. Thence Southerly along the height of land between the miters flowing the Kootenay Lake to the West and the Columbia and Kootenay Rivers to the East to a point due East of Kuskanook; thence Jesterly to the South-west corner of Sub-lot'145 of Lot 4595, L:ootenay District.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 'Namgis First Nation Council Meeting March 3, 2016 9:30Am
    ‘Namgis First Nation Council Meeting March 3, 2016 9:30am Council Chambers Council: Chief Debra Hanuse; Councillors Sharon Gordon; Kelly Speck; Robert Mountain; Steven Smith Bill Wasden (1pm) Staff: Administrator Hopeton Louden; Assistant Administrator Verna Ambers; Record Keeper Gina Wadhams Open Meeting 9:30am Agenda MOTION #2474: SHARON GORDON/STEVEN SMITH That the agenda be accepted with amendments/addition of ‘Tides of Change’. CARRIED Minutes TABLED until afternoon Council minutes to be together for Debra Hanuse to sign for auditors. A ‘true copy’ – with all corrections/amendments Decision in the past to compile all Council minutes in a binder – all stored in a central place for Council to read through. Minutes are missing – need access to computer with minutes file. Systems Administrator can access all work stations. Minutes/Website Question on why approved minutes are not posted to website. Administration will review and ensure that this happens. Gina Wadhams will ensure the minutes are on website FA #18 AANDC AANDC Amendment #0018 2015/2016 Fiscal Year TEFA $10,141.00. Instructional Services Formula for Low Enrolment MOTION #2475: KELLY SPECK/STEVEN SMITH Approve the signing of AANDC Amendment #0018 2016/2016 Fiscal Year TEFA. CARRIED Amendments #9-17 have been misplaced. These will be needed for audit. Health Centre Policy binder distributed to Council. Council requires a briefing note on the policies. Policies Concern with this coming to Council now with a request for approval by March 31, 2016 with Procedures no background information. Accreditation Request briefing note from Georgia Cook. BY CONSENSUS: That Committee reports and recommendations come to Council.
    [Show full text]
  • Dam(N)Ing BC Or Remembering the Dam(N)Ed: Site C and Mega Dams in the Era of Contested Economies and Environments
    Dam(n)ing BC or Remembering the dam(n)ed: Site C and mega dams in the era of contested economies and environments [email protected] deliberate #1? blocking/hiding part of the current Williston reservoir… ….hmmm… SiteCproject.com: initial overview map Site C: continuation of WAC Bennett Dam, Peace Canyon Dam, and Williston Reservoir Preamble... Consumers of electricity • current society needs / wants electricity • only 1% - 3% electricity load saved on Earth Hour Rivers and humans humans have manipulated rivers for millennia • Smith, N. A history of dams, 1971 • Goudie, A.S. The human impact on the natural environment: Past, present, and future (7th edition since the 1980s!) • Wohl, E. & Merritts, D.J. What is a natural river? Geography Compass, 2007 deliberate #2? Note site C reservoir location…hmmm… Vancouver, Burnaby, Richmond, Delta 1,367 sq.kms 1,773 sq.kms 93 sq.kms BC gov’t Dec.16, 2014 announcement slideshow Site C… “…is in the public interest and that the benefits provided by the project outweigh the risks of significant adverse environmental, social and heritage effects.” (BC government newsroom, October 14, 2014) cost$ to pay for electrical power Site C “…would be accompanied by significant environmental and social costs, and the costs would not be borne by those who benefit.” (p.307) “These losses will be borne by the people of the Valley… Those who benefit…will be future electricity consumers all across the province.” (p.307) (Report of the Joint Review Panel: Site C project, 2014) Site C Joint Review Panel Report, 2014 Panel’s
    [Show full text]
  • RBA Cragg Fonds
    Kamloops Museum and Archives R.B.A. Cragg fonds 1989.009, 0.2977, 0.3002, 1965.047 Compiled by Jaimie Fedorak, June 2019 Kamloops Museum and Archives 2019 KAMLOOPS MUSEUM AND ARCHIVES 1989.009, etc. R.B.A. Cragg fonds 1933-1979 Access: Open. Graphic, Textual 2.00 meters Title: R.B.A. Cragg fonds Dates of Creation: 1933-1979 Physical Description: ca. 80 cm of photographs, ca. 40 cm of negatives, ca. 4000 slides, and 1 cm of textual records Biographical Sketch: Richard Balderston Alec Cragg was born on December 5, 1912 in Minatitlan, Mexico while his father worked on a construction contract. In 1919 his family moved to Canada to settle. Cragg gained training as a printer and worked in various towns before being hired by the Kamloops Sentinel in 1944. Cragg worked for the Sentinel until his retirement at age 65, and continued to write a weekly opinion column entitled “By The Way” until shortly before his death. During his time in Kamloops Cragg was active in the Kamloops Museum Association, the International Typographical Union (acting as president on the Kamloops branch for a time), the BPO Elks Lodge Kamloops Branch, and the Rock Club. Cragg was married to Queenie Elizabeth Phillips, with whom he had one daughter (Karen). Richard Balderson Alec Cragg died on January 22, 1981 in Kamloops, B.C. at age 68. Scope and Content: Fonds consists predominantly of photographic materials created by R.B.A. Cragg during his time in Kamloops. Fonds also contains a small amount of textual ephemera collected by Cragg and his wife Queenie, such as ration books and souvenir programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Texada Island - Sturt Bay Shipwreck Investigation a Report By, Jacques Marc
    Underwater Archaeological Society of British Columbia Vol. 33 No. 4 Last Quarter Texada Island - Sturt Bay Shipwreck Investigation A Report by, Jacques Marc The UASBC made a trip to Sturt Bay on Texada Island on October 15th 2017 to investigate three wrecks located by the Canadian Hydrographic Service during survey operations in the fall of 2016. Wreck coordinates and images were provided by Duncan Havens, a Multidisciplinary Hydrographer of the Canadian Hydrographic Service Canadian Hydrographic Multi-beam survey showing the three wrecks in Sturt Bay. Courtesy Canadian Hydrographic Service The least depth coordinates 49 45 .801N by 124 33 .657 W provided by CHS, put us on the stern of the wreck. TheOur tide first height dive wasat the completed time of our on dive Wreck was #1 5.3 which feet. Onlies this on Scotttide the Rock stern at the of theentrance wreck to was Sturt in 40Bay. feet of water found the barge to be 46 meters (151 ft) long by 13 meters (42.6 ft) wide. The barge is made of steel with low and the bow was in 90 feet of water. The wreck was identified as a steel open deck barge. Survey measurements Continued on page 2 Page 1 Texada Island - Sturt Bay Shipwreck Investigation(cont’d) sidewalls along the deck and was most likely used for gravel or other material, but could also have been used to transport equipment. The barge is almost identical in construction and design to the barge in the photo below. Https://commons.wikimedia.org Utility barge at Anchor, Powell River BC by its skegs.
    [Show full text]
  • Birds of Nakusp, New Denver, And
    Wildlife Afield 9(2):115-200, 2012 © Biodiversity Centre for Wildlife Studies Birds of the Nakusp, New Denver, and Burton Region of Southeastern British Columbia, 1975 to 2012 – Part 2: Passerines (Flycatchers through Old World Sparrows) Gary S. Davidson PO Box 294, Nakusp, British Columbia, Canada V0G 1R0 Abstract from the nonpasserine species accounts. Between August 1975 and December 2012, 266 species of birds, including nonpasserines and passerines, were recorded in the Nakusp, New Denver, and Burton regions of southeastern British Columbia. Accounts for 146 species of nonpasserines (55% of the total number of species) were published (Davidson 2011). The following and final component treats the 120 species of passerines. Accounts for regularly occurring species usually include six parts: status, ornithological history, descriptions of non-breeding and breeding habitats, occurrence and migration chronologies (i.e., early arrival, peak movement, and late departure), specific breeding information, and comments. The latter provides clarification for taxonomic decisions, noteworthy regional and provincial distributional information, relevant literature, and a summary of Nakusp Christmas bird counts from 30 consecutive years. The passerine species accounts have been Figure 104. The first half of Birds of the Nakusp, New prepared primarily from my personal database of Denver, and Burton region of Southeastern British over 40,000 individual records. Columbia… was published in Wildlife Afield 8(1) in 2011 as a 101-page article. It contained details for 146 Introduction species of nonpasserine birds. The format for each species account follows Species accounts are organized within families Davidson (2011; Figure 104). The Literature Cited following the latest taxonomic order and scientific section pertains only to passerines.
    [Show full text]
  • Columbia Lake Quick Fact Sheet
    COLUMBIA LAKE QUICK REFERENCE SHEET JUST A FEW AMAZING THINGS ABOUT OUR AMAZING LAKE! . Maximum length – 13.5 km (8.4 mi) . Maximum width – 2 km (1.2 mi) . Typical depth – 15 ft . Average July water temperature – 18 C – making it the largest warm water lake in East Kootenay . Surface Elevation – 808m (2,650 ft) .Area – 6,815 acres (2,758 hectares) . Freezing – last year, it was observed the lake froze on December 7, 2016 and thawed on March 29, 2017. Columbia Lake is fed by several small tributaries. East side tributaries include Warspite and Lansdown Creeks. West Side tributiaries include Dutch, Hardie, Marion and Sun Creeks. Columbia Lake also gets a considerable amount of water at the south end where water from the Kootenay river enters the lake as groundwater. The water balance of Columbia Lake is still not fully understood. The Columbia Lake Stewardship Society continues to do research in this area. Columbia Lake got its name from the Columbia River. The river was so named by American sea captain Robert Gray who navigated his privately owned ship The Columbia Rediviva through its waters in May 1792 trading fur pelts. Columbia Lake is the source of the mighty Columbia River, the largest river in the Pacific Northwest of North America. The Columbia River flows north from the lake while the neighbouring Kootenay flows south. For approximately 100 km (60 mi) the Columbia River and the Kootenay River run parallel and when they reach Canal Flats, the two rivers are less than 2 km (1.2 mi) apart. Historically the Baillie- Grohman Canal connected the two bodies of water to facilitate the navigation of steamboats (although only three trips were ever made through it).
    [Show full text]
  • Road Runner & Carrier, Winter 1982, Volume 19, Number 1
    ISSN 0382-214 1 PUBLISHED BYTHE BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION AND HIGHWAYS WI TER 1982 VOLUME 19, NUMBER I NEW LILLOOET AIRPORT The "Lillooet Industrial Airport" was officially opened on October the airport and paved the I 200 m runway, taxiway and apron . All 24, 1981 by Yale-Lillooet MLA and Minister of Forests, the Honour­ other work was contracted out by the village through the Kamloops able Tom Waterland. Mr. Waterland, along with the Honourable office of Associated Engineering Services Limited. Robert McClelland, Minister of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Re­ sources, arrived in one of the Province's Citation jets to mark the first Airstrip facilities existing in Lillooet at the time of initial applica­ "official landing" at the new facility . Also in attendance at the tion for funds from the air Transport Assistance Program consisted of opening were Don Kasianchuk, Assistant Deputy Minister Transpor­ a 610 m airstrip located on private property adjacent to the east bank tation, John Olmstead, Manager Aviation Policy, and Messrs . of the Fraser River. At that time, plans for the construction of a new Antrobus, Creasy and Driscoll of the Air Transport Assistance Fraser River bridge necessitated the relocation of the strip to a new site Program . to make way for the bridge approach. This , as well as the desire to The airport development project was a co-operative effort involv­ provide better air access and to develop emergency and commercial services, served as the basis for the village's application, support and ing the Ministry's branches of Transportation and Highways combin­ ing with the Village of Lillooet and the Lillooet Airport Committee.
    [Show full text]