PREF AC E.

This book as its name m es is an atte m t to brin to th , i pli , p g e not ce of th e wor d th e ves th e character and th e works of he i l , li , t most d st n u sh ed son s of Ben a v n and dead commen c n i i g i g l , li i g , i g

o in N o bod i mor c n with H aji Mah ummud M sh . y s e o scious than th e

m rf t on s o f th s tt e work ub sh er of th e e ec . He has reasons p li , i p i i li l to fear th at h e has of course un w tt n eft o ut names wh ch had , i i gly, l i

a m to be ncor orated in th s record an d h e is fu a ve to a cl i i p i , lly li th e meagren ess o f th e biographical n oti ces that appear in the

H arn s h o s h ow v r fo o w n a es . e e e t e e e that h e ma ll i g p g ly p , , y be

ard d as hav n made an atte m t in the r ht d rect n reg e i g p ig i io . One of th e fi rst conditions of th e development o f a nation al spi ri t an d

nat ona se f- res ect is th e a rec at o n o f th r of a i l l p , pp i i e g eat men

A d ct onar o f n at ona b o ra h f of th e n ation . i i y i l i g p y or I n dia has

T h u sh er h o s he h yet t o b e written . e p bli pe as made an h umble be n n n wh ch w th due en coura emen t ma en ab e him gi i g, i , i , g , y l or oth ers gradually to build up a full an d accurate record of th e

H can onl a h lives of I n dian worthies . e y s y t at he has spared n eith e r pain s n or expen se to collect th e material s which h e n ow

laces before th e u b c an d to r n t the i ustrat on s wh ch p p li , p i ll i i ,

a b e ardon ed for h o n ma deserve to be ook h e m y p pi g , y l ed upon

as th e n uc eus o f a n at o na cture a e r for Ben al W l i l pi g ll y g . ith

‘ th ese few words o f introduction he is co n ten t to leave th e f H h m book to speak for itsel . e i self regards it n ot as th e

te execution of an dea b ut on as a art a co mm comple i , ly p i l en ce

n t I t rests w th th e ub c w th his own co m atr ots in ar me . i p li , i p i p ti

cu at to ve him such en coura e men t an d ass stan ce as ma fi l , gi g i y t

fo r a full rea sat on of his sch e me name the ro u him li i , ly p d ct ion of of a fai rly full and compreh en si ve record of th e lives o f men wh o

have glorified th e coun try . an d ren dered it services that sh ould n ot

h r n of th o be forgotten by an y c ild e e s il .

’ Th e publish er s g rateful ackn owledgmen ts are due to BABU

M A. B . L . w th w H I R ALAL CHAK RAVARTY . i out hose h elp this work

o could n ot h ave been b rought ut .

C ONTENTS.

MAH AMM UD Mosu m

R AM MOHAN R AY

R ADHAK AN TA DE B

DWAR K AN ATH TAGORE

GANGADHAR K AVI R AJ

PRASANNA K UMAR TAGOR E

TAR AN AT H TAR K ABACHASPAT I

RAMTAN U LAHIRI

K . M . BANE R J I

R AMGOPAL G n osn

DE BE N DR AN ATH TAGOR E

/ I SWAR CHANDRA VI DYASAGUR

AK SHAY K UMAR DUTT

PE AR YCHAN D MITRA

M ICHAE L M ODHUSUDAN DUTT

R AJ E N DR ALAL MITRA

! H ARI S CHANDRA MUK E RJ I

R AJ N AR AI N BOSE

B R UDER M UK E RJ I

ABDUL LATI F

DI N ABAN DHU M ITRA

R AM K RISHNA PAR AM H AN SA

DWAR K AN AT H MITRA

MOH E N DR ALAL SARK AR

BAN K IM CHANDRA CHATTE R ] !

K E SHUB CHANDRA SE N

KR I SHN ADAS PAL 1 1 5

HAJ I MOHAMMAD MOHSHIN.

There are very fe w i n Be ngal who have n ot heard t he

blessed na o sa me of M hshi n . Thou nds o f poor Ma home dan

' st uden ts owe the i r education t o - daf t o t he mun ifi cen cc of t his

’ sa nt l man Th e Madrasa s an d s t uden t s bo d n ouses i y . h ar i g h w c are to b e foun d all ov e r t he coun t r th e ce lebrat ed hi h y ,

I mam- bara of H u hli w ere n n u me rable oor men e ve g , h i p rec i medicin es and di e t free of costs i n illn ess and are fed and clot ed i n t mes of fest v t —t ese are all due t h i i i y, h o his

e n dow men ts Th e n ame f s c a prin cely . o u h man deserves to be celebrat ed all over th e lan d and his example ought t o be

he ood of t r placed be fore all w h o desire t g he i coun try . Mah ammad Mohshi n was born at Hu hli in 1 732 g . The Mah omedan pow er was st ill paramou n t in t h e coun try an d

H u hli was t en t mes more s len d d an d w ealt t an Calcutt a g i p i hy h , w c was t e n a small t ow n of n o reat ret h hi h h g p en sions . Mo s hin receiv ed his early edu cat ion from a scholar of reput e surnamed

raz He soon mb bed from his t eac er a ass on for Shi i . i i h p i

Arab c an d Pers an l t erat ure a des re for t ra el and a con i i i , i v , m t em t for w orldl r c es . After co let n his educat on p y i h 1L i g i “ u nder Shiraz i h e wen t t o Moorshidabad t o be fini shed Se veral years were thus spen t in company wit h learn ed Maulavis and sain t ly darwesh es ; an d Mohshi n cain e t o acquire a great

ola is all fame for Persian and Arabic sch rship. H c igraphy was

n d d n lat er t mes he used t o co out t he very fi n e i ee . I i py

oram and resen t co es t o oor be ars who were t us Qu p pi p gg , h

e s lv e c n e nabled t o mak e mon ey for t h m e es . A sp ime of his handwriting may still be seen in th e man uscript of t he Qu oran made by Mohshin an d preserved i n th e B aghli College

L brar Lu x ur and l cen t ousn ess were the reva l n ces i y . y i i p i i g vi of th e a B ut alt ou the out of Mohshi n was s t d y. h gh y h pe n in

Hu h li an d Murs dabad w c w ere th e v er hot - beds of g hi , hi h y ,

He alw ce his c ract er was abo e . sus c on . a s s en t his vi , ha v pi i y p time i n l med tat ons and i n do n ood t o ot rs H ho y i i i g g he . e had

‘ ’ realised th e t ruth of the max im sound mind i n a sound body an d

A l

was a ood at lete a ood r der an d a ver sk fu l swordsman . g h , g i y il His passion for music was very g reat and in later t imes h e u sed to Spen d his leisure i n s ing ing an d list en ing t o devot ion al

A er com le n hi edu ools Mohshin son s . ft t s cat on in the sc g p i g i h ,

rab a H se t out on hi s foreign t ravels i n Pe rs ia an d A i . e t ra elled t rou I n d a Pers a an d Arab a an d assed on t o v h gh i , i i p

E t an d Turk e f i i ru it n do b edl i s t at . I t s t e as u u t gyp y , y , h t rav el i n rown u men i s a sort of educat on Moh shin was g p i ,

h mo ducat ed man of hi s t mes i n n d a He s en t a ood t e st e i I i . p g many years abroad an d learn t much abou t many foreign coun t ries an d n at on s Abou t t s t m hi Man n . e s s st er u a K an um became i hi i i , j h , a w dow an d Moh sh i n had t o ast en back h i h t o is n at ive lan d.

’ Man n uja s hu sban d held an e x t en si ve lan ded property i n Jessore an d K h u ln a an d all this property w as n ow placed un der t h e

Moh hin I n 1 803 Mann u a supe rv ision of s . j died after making

i B u Moh shi n u n dert ook l her brot her h er he r. t on y t o supervise

leav n it s use to t h e oor f h la d He t h e ro ert o t e n . p p y, i g p chose t o lead th e life of a faquir amidst riches an d de voted

h e serv ce of G od an d his n v lan H w a hi s all t o t i at i e d. e as

i n hi s c ari t H n du s s well ah omedan cosmopolitan h y . i a as M s

ed th e b en efi of hi mun ifi n ut e di equally enj oy t s ce ce . B h d

n d k n ow w a hi s r t an did H n ot let his left ha h t igh h d . e used t o go ab ou t at n ight visit in g t h e poor an d helping t hem

u n erce ved n 1 8 1 2 Ha o ammad Moh shin d d . I M e p i ji h i . Before his death h e h ad made over his en tire property t o t he B ritish Govern men t and appoin t ed it t o be employed all in ” h e se rv ce f t is n eedle a t i o God. I ss t o say t h t Govern men t has tak en upon it th e t ask of employin g t he proceeds of

o ert accord n t o t h e des res of t h e sa n tl donor t h e pr p y i g i i y .

serves G od b est w h o serv es man most an d th e s len d d He , p i ” gift wh ich was dedicat ed solely t o t h e service of G od i s be ing ut ilised in th e service of man by en dowin g colleges an d hospitals

of ubl c c ar t all o er t he coun t r an d instit utions p i h i y v y .

I s 1

RAM MORAN RAY.

I t can be safely assert ed without an y fear of con t radict ion that n o I ndian was born i n th e past on e h un dred years with

the s ame ran e of ower as Ram Mo n Ra He was born g p ha y. i n 1 774 in th e district of H ughli an d his father was a high

o M da ad n t ose da official un der t h e Nawab f u rshi b . I h ys Persian an d Arabic scholarship was th e obj ect of desire by all I n dians an d Ram Mohan w as given a t rain in g i n these

lan r He s en t for t s ur ose t re e g uag es i n his early yea s . p hi p p h

ears at Pat n a but hi s t rst for kn owled e was n sat able . y , hi g i i H His e w en t t en ce t o Benares w ere h e st ud ed San sk r t . h , h i i — acquain tan ce with th e Ve das was formed at this t ime an acquai n tan ce which was dest in ed t o ripen in t o t h e promulgation

of th e t en et s of Bra mo m He be an t o st ud edan t sm w th h is . g y V i i eag ern ess an d the ure Mon ot heism of the U an ishads came home p p — t o him wit h a con viction n ever t o be upset a Mon oth eisn} s ull Hé ied by the myths of the Pu ran as of t h e lat e ag es . con ceived the idea of preachin g this Mon ot heism of t he ir fore

fat ers t o hi s coun t r men a a n b ut t s cau s ed some fr ction h y g i , hi i

F r w t his fat er in con se uen ce of w c h e left his ome . o i h h , q hi h h four years h e wan dered from place t o place an d in course of his t ravels h e v s t ed t h e land of T b 1 8 3 h e los t his i i i et . I n 0 father an d h e came back home an d accept ed service u nder th e Eas I n d an om n t me h e was t i C pa y . At this i se iz ed w t a v olen t desi re t o learn En l s of w c h e s oon i h i g i h , hi h b me a mas r n 1 1 4 h am eca te . I 8 e c e t o Calc ut ta an d b u lt a alace for mself w c st ll ex s t i p hi hi h i i s . Th e idea of preachin g Mon oth eism was n ever pract ically absen t from hi s

H l o fo h e ur d. e a s ed a s c et t o min est b i h i y r p p se an d a press

t a a ol H t u t o prin t racts g ins t id at ry . e s died the Bible an d learn t H ebre w an d Greek t o st udy it more effect ually i n t h e ori

l He ublis d h in a . e is ew s about ure Mon ot e m i n g p h vi p h is Beng ali n d E n l s h e a . T ar ume n s w e re u n an w r l H t s ab e . g i h g e e plain ly o n ted ou t the m stak e of t h e dolat e r of C ri st an M ss p i i i , h i i ionaries an d of Mahomedan Maulavis He mi t i n a certa n s . gh i ense be { N5 1 qalled on e of th e first wri te rs of pure Bengali unmixed with

Pers an w c was rat er an un common t n i n t ose da s . i , hi h h hi g h y He n e ver lost t he balan ce of hi s mind i n con t roversies with his he oppon en ts and t he won derfu l powers of reasoni ng which

s r ed all f r I n mat ters of soc al re form posses ed car i be o e him. i I n 1 81 8 he w rot e a too Ram Mo an Ra was rom n e n t . , h y p i

am le t a a nst the cru e l ract ce of t he sati w c drew p ph g i p i , hi h Th e soc et for t he the at t en t ion of Lord William Ben t i n ck . i y

- d propag at ion of religious ideas already re fe rre d to was t e organ ise

a e r w on e of the leaden as the Brahm Samaj . I t s found as

t e mo emen t t o e w est ern educat on o I nd a a mo e of h v giv i t i , v il ment w hich had Macaulay for i t s champion i ns ide the Counc Chamb er and Ram Mohan Roy for it s expon en t ou t side i n the

‘ ' He was at t s t me on oured w t t he t t le of Ra a public . hi i h i h i j by t h e Emperor of Delhi who sen t him over to Englan d t o

n t h e Parl amen t cert a m t rs h be alf repre sen t i i in at e on is h .

Mo an st art e d for En lan d w arr v r l Ram ere he ed in A 1 831 . h g , h i p i , He was welcomed wit h de light by t h e Un itarian s of that cou n t ry and his de ep scholars hip was much admired by learn ed

all o er E uro e He w o red b ro l l men v p . as h n ou y ya hospita ity in many coun t ri es i n E urope an d when h i s death t ook place

i t Bri st ol on th e 2 7 t h Se t emb e r 1 833 En l s men an d ot er p , , g i h h

ro ean s ed w t one an ot h er i n do n him on our Eu p vi i h i g h .

I 9

RADHAKANTA DEB.

Raj a Sir Radhak an t a Deb will always be remembered as a

romot er of learn n bot Sank ri t an d E n l s an d as a ubl c p i g , h g i h , p i man wh o hon estly en deavoured t o ren der use ful services t o hi s m l count r He was b orn in 1 784 i n t he Sobhabaz ar Ra fa . He y. j i y is t h e son of Ra a Go imohon Deb an d reat - ran dson of the j p , g g founder of t he fam l Ma ara a Naboki ssen wh o la ed an act ve i y h j , p y i part in polit ics whe n Lord Cli ve an d Warren Hast in gs g ove rn ed

n l Radhakan ta rece v ed his En l s educa on a Be ga . i g i h t i t t he

alcu tt a Academ and learn t Sanskr t an d Persian from Pand ts C y , i i

He t en devo w and Moulavi s . h t ed hi s hole ac tivities to t he dis

n of kn owled e The r w k h semin atio g . g e at est or of is life i s t he Sabdakalp adru m an excellen t an d en cyclopedi c San skri t dic tion ar w c w ll alwa s rema n a mon u men t of his rofound y, hi h i y i p

c ola I t was mu a r s h rship . ch pp eciat ed bot h i n I n dia and i n

Euro e and e en el c t ed the ra se of Her Ma est the ueen p , v i i p i j y Q , w le d o awar a ho was p ase t d a gold med l t o him.

al er ce t o Sans kr t learn n he was While he did such sign s vi i i g , ld accru e to hi s n ot un min dful of the g reat ben efits which wou He was a staun c coun t ry from t h e spread of En glish education . h l s sc ool s upport er of Dav id Hare i n his en deavours t o estab i h h s

d rector of th e H ndu Colle e v n He was a , all o er the cou try . i i g an d became t h e Secret ary of the School Society when it was establ s ed i n 1 81 8 i n bot of w c ca ac t es he w ork ed ard i h , h hi h p i i h

for educat ion . But his educat ion al effort s were not confi n ed t o males

He ealousl advocat ed female educat on but eld t at lon e . a j y i , h h

educat on at ome in accordance w t the S astras w as more i h , i h h , con formable t o t h e girls of this coun t ry than a syst em of school

ducat on e i .

I n re ligion h e was th e leader of the orthodox Hin dus .

W e n Ra a Ram Mo an establ s ed the Bra mo Sama Rad a h j h i h h j , h

k an t a headed t he An ti - E ramb o move men t and established an

assoc at on t o rot ect t he ort odox re on T ou an i i p h ligi . h gh

advocate of ro re ss i n on e d rect on vi a the educat onal h e p g i i , i , “ l an d le al ma ter T us resolute ly st ood against re forms in socia g t s . h at t h e head of t he Hindus h e opposed t he mo ve men t s for th e abol t on of t h e su ttee r t e start ed b Ra a Ram Mo an R o for i i i y j h y , t h e suppression of polygamy s tart ed by Pun dit I swar Chan dra Vid asa ar an d t h e law w c re moved t h e d sab l t es of nat ve y g , hi h i i i i i

n c n vert s t o u c ed o r s Christia o s c e t t he i Hi ndu pare n t .

l Radha an a w n o l He rot e s e d a a n st I n po it ics k t as t id e . p t g i th e res umption of Lakhe raj lan ds i n common w it h t h e maj ority of hi s coun t ry me n ; an d h e w as t h e Pres iden t of t h e B rit is h

n d an Assoc a on from 1 8 1 t ll his de at I i i t i 5 i h .

Th o ugh h e s t re n u o u sly oppose d t h e Govern me n t on se veral occasi o ns his u r t o f u r ose an d u t l t of u bl c works , p i y p p i i y p i w ere re co n se d b t h e G o v e rn me n t an d h e was made n g i y , a Hon orary Magist rat e an d J us t ice of t h e Peace for Calcu tta

H e w as t h e fi rs t B e n al i n 1 85 5 an d a R a a Bah adur. en t le , j g i g man w h o w as hon ou re d w i th t h e t i t le of Se veral years be fo re hi s de at h h e withdre w from public l fe an d re t re d t o Br n daban a lace of l r ma e amon t he i i i , p pi g i g g

dus n r o v m r u al aflai r H n i o der t de ot e se lf t o s t rs w e e i , hi pi i , h , full of ears an d on ou rs h e e x i re d on t h e l 9th A r l 1 867 y h , p p i , .

T H E L AT E DWA R K A N a T l i T AG O R I l 2 3

DWARKANATH TAGORE.

Dwarkanath came of t he w ell k n own Tag ore family of

Calcu t H wa 4 an hi s ran f ta. e s born in 1 79 d g d at her had alread ac u red a lar fo mself Dwark a a y q i g e rt un e for hi . n ath w s given a g ood En glish educat ion an d early in life showed much ab l t i n man a n th e affairs of th e fam l est a e H i i y gi g i y t . e st u died law eld some res on s ble ost s in t h e o u m an d cu s , h p i p pi t oms depart men t an d aft erwards set himself up as an i n depen den t

an t in art n ers w t two En l s men he fi r merch p hip i h g i h . T m “ b the name of er Ta ore an d o an d cam wen t K C . e y k g

t o b e r ros erous D arkan ath soon ad e for ve y p p . w m e a fortun

mself He was alwa s resen t i n an l l hi . y p y w ork ca cu ated t o be

b en efi cial t o his coun t r an d i n matt e rs of soc al rel ous an d y i , igi educat ional reform Dwarkan ath was always associat ed wit h

the reat Ra a Ram Mo an Ra H e w as an n t mat e fr en d g j h y . i i i o f Lord Aucklan d an d oft en stood i n t h e capacity of an ad ’ t him His lords was a fre uen t er of Dwarkan ath s viser o . hip q

l I n 1 841 Dwark an ath con ce ed the residence at Be gachia. iv idea of g oing t o En gland an d en courag ed by th e prin cipal

n l s offi cials in Calcutt a sa led for En lan d in E g i h , i g

1 842 Th e rece t on w c was accorded t o him in Euro e . p i hi h p

all t o th e lot of an I nd an He was fa oura l h as n ever f en y i . v b y receiv ed by th e Pope at Rome and he art ily welcomed by t he

a I n Lon don H er Ma est the lat e u een K in g of Prussi . j y Q

rac ousl rece ed him at B uck n am Palace w ere g i y iv i gh , h “ h e was called wa a fre u en Pr n ce Dwarkan ath as s t s t or. i , q vi i Aft er a t our through Scot lan d h e came back t o I n dia t owards

h e ear Dwarkanath was al a the en d of t y . w ys prin cely in his don ations an d helps t o th e deservin g poor of hi s coun t ry and i t was h e who gladly un derwen t the ex pen ses of sen ding

k v and Dr Bh lan a h ose an d ot ers Goodeve C a ra art . o t B Dr. h y h

r stud I n 1 84 h a a n start ed fo t o En glan d fo y. 5 Dwarkan at g i r

he n e er came ack h firs of Au ust in En glan d but v b . On t e t g

rkanath breat ed hi s last 1 846 Dwa h .

T H E LATE G AN o A ml A R R A V R A I I . [ 2 7 ]

G NG DH A A AR SEN.

Th e sub ct of j e th e presen t sk e tch t akes us back t o

the ood old da s w g y hen t he Medical Colle e did n ot e x ist g ,

’ t h e Calcu t t a Un vers t did n ot man u fact u re M B i i y . s and ’

. M L . S s an d w en the K av i r h ajes an d Haqu ims did n ot en

o t h e un en v iable re u tat on of t he mess e n ers of dea j y p i g t h . Gan ad e r av i ra w g h K j as a Vaidya by cast e an d was born i n 1 798

i n t h e d st r ct of J essore Hi s i i . early years were wholly spen t

i n t h e s t ud of San sk r t G rammar R et or c an d P W l et r . e y i , h i o y hi t i n t h e h ye t een s e as toun ded hi s frien ds by writin g an erudit e

' commen t ar on M zt dhabodham th e w ell - kn own book on y g ,

San sk r t Grammar a commen t ar w c w oul c l a e don e i , y hi h h v

onou r t o a vet eran sc olar I n learn ed d s u t at on w h h . i p i s hich were

more common i n t ose da s t an n ow Gan ad ar u sed alwa s h y h , g h y t o b ear t h e palm an d th e report of his sch olars hip spread far

n H t en b t ook ms elf t o th e st u d of m a d w de . e e ed c n e i h hi y i i ,

w w rofe ssi on of hi s cas e Hi s at t hich as the p t . ainmen ts there

were s o reat t at h e was look ed u on as t he v er n carn at on g , h p y i i

of Dhan wan tari t h e di i n e s c an . His co mmen tar on , v phy i i y

C arak th e old w r t er on t h e I n dian s st em of med c n e i s h , i y i i ,

a stan dard w ork u t o the rese n t t me . Bes des h e wrot e an d p p i i ,

ubl s ed man a commen tar on t he U mzi shads th e Gi ta p i h y y p , ,

h s s te ms of H n du P loso on Pan n an d Man n and t e y i hi phy , i i

ou s ot er w ork s of P loso Med c n e an d Grammar vari h hi phy i i . I n fact a scholarof hi s rang e of kn owledg e i s a rarity and a

o fi n d e ven o- da I n physician of his type i s sad t t y . hi s hours of

' Th o le isure Gang adhar u sed t o pain t an d draw . e m dels of wood an d clay h e could prepare were j ustly famous i n b eau ty

e T ere was n on e wh o w ork ed arder t an be of desig n an d g rac . h h h for t h e ameliorat ion of th e Vaidya cast e an d it w as h e who

r man c or n of t a a t fi rst s t art ed t h e t he ory of t h e B ah i igi h t c s e .

d ed full of ears an d on ors i n 1 885 leav n G angadhar i y h , i g

him man u ils th e mos t w ell - kn own amon w om b ehi n d y p p , g h K av i ra Dwarak a Nat Sen of F at u bein g Mohani ah opadhyaya j h h a ut t a riaghat a i n C lc .

T H E LA E PR ASAN N A K UMA R T T AGO R E . 3 I

PBOSANNA KUMAR TAGORE.

The name of Prosanna K umar Tagore will be remembered for his arious ubl c endowmen ts and more art cula l for th v p i , p i r y e establishmen t of the Tag ore Law Professorship i n the Un iver orn in 1 sity of Calcut ta. B 803 in the illustrious Tagore F ami l w c has alwa s been fru t ful of emi nen t men he was most y, hi h y i , l educated at ome b ri ate t eac ers but latterl he oin y h y p v h , y j

l e e T us he ac u r reat cd the Hindu Co l g . h q i ed g preflci ency in

En l s learn n w c was of considerable ser ce to h g i h i g, hi h vi im in

ss on al career and i n ari ous ot er ca ac t his profe i v h p i ies . ‘ Though his annual income from hi s big z emindary ex lak of ru ees he t ri ed to increase it b conduct n ceeded a h p , y i g z but did not succeed. He t erefore o n ed the Sudde r busi ness, h j i

wan Adalat Bar and ra dl rose to the h est os t on De y , pi y igh p i i

l Hi s success was so reat t at his rofess onal in as a Vaki . g , h p i

d a alf a ear He w come rose t o a lakh of rupees an h y . as

ou o be cler subsequen tly appoint ed by Lord Dalh sie t k assi st h Le islat e Counc l of the I nd a Go ern ment ant to t e g iv i i v , n s de rable abil t and re utat on whi ch post be filled with co i i y p i . a r on h e rose to be a member of th e same counc l L te i . The

t tle of c. s I . wa conferred on i . s him i n recogn it ion of his emi nent talents and leadi n os t on amon hi s couh t r men g p i i g y .

I n reli ous i ew he leaned towards reforms but he w gi v , , as not an act ive an d z ealous reformer lik e so many of his con tem

oraries. I n 1 832 w en the Suttee r te was abol s ed certa n p , h i i h , i Hi ndus appealed to Hi s Majesty i n council again st the aboli

tion b ut th e a l cat on was refused. Prasan na K umar la ed , pp i i p y an active part in voti n g an address to the sovere ign for the

e re ect on descr bin th e Suttee as a barbarous an d i n abov j i , i g h uman rite which ought to rece ive n o coun ten ance from a civi

o ern men t . Latt erl owever w en his onl son J n an en liz ed g v y h , h y , dra Mohon Tag ore the first I n dian Barrister) accepted Christ

an it Prasanna K umar lean ed towards ord nar Hi n du sm. i y, i y i He work ed hard for education as a Govern or of the Hin du Coll e e as a member of the Counc l of Educat on and as a F ellow g , i i [ 32 ]

h e n ewl e stabl s ed Calcutta n i e r it He e ndowed the of t y i h U v s y . Calcut ta Un iv ers ity with t he mag n ifi cen t donation of t hree lak s of ru e es i n order t o foun d a law rofessors w c has h p p hip, hi h

en ceforward en k n e r l rar t be n ow aft him. His s len d d b h p i i y, w c i s on e of th e bes t r vat e l brar es s ow s h is love of hi h p i i i , h l H l lar e u ms i n establ s in os tals earn in g . e a so s pen t g s i h g h pi an d c ar a l h it b e dispensari e s . H e e v in ce d an in t e re st in t he po li tical affairs o f his coun

t r an d w as on e of t h e fo un de rs of t h e r t s I nd an As y , B i i h i s oc at on i i .

B his las t w ll an d t es tamen t h e b e ueat e d his w ole y i , q h h

‘ ro e rt t o h on n ow Ma ara a Sir p p y i s n e ph e wfil at in dra Moh h j ),

t e reb d H 1 i n s n n 68 . h y i s h e ri t i n g h i ow n s o . e die d i 8

T m: L A E T A RA N A T I I T A R K A BAC H S ’ T A I AT I . [ 35 ]

TARANATH TARKABACHASPATI .

Duri ng th e las t cen t ury orien tal Scholarship had no

n th e ar 1 h e rn greater votary t han Taranath . I ye 81 2 was bo i n Ambi ca ram n ear th e c t of K alna s t uat ed in th e Subdi vi g i y , i

n th dis r ct of urdw Hi s on of the same n ame i e t B an . s fat er i , i h ,

k n owled ed fa Hi n K al das was a Pan d t of ac me . s a cest ors i , i g

were all dist n u s ed men of lett ers wh o had ac u i red an im i g i h , q

l ras mense landed property by their k n ow edg e of the Sast . Taran ath at tain ed g reat profi cien cy i n all t h e Sast ras at a

r earl He was n d d secon d t o n on e in hi s kn owled e ve y y age . i e e g

of the sc en ce of lan ua e an d in Ast rolo i n Ph loso an d i g g gy, i phy

in H n du Laws t ere was n o Pan d t in en al wh o could i , h i B g

allen e him Great a ch g . w s hi s thirst for acqu irin g kn ow

led e an d h e was accust omed t o read e ven w le walki n g , hi g

i n r H d ‘ n a and Pan n at t h e st eet s . e st udie th e Veda t i i

en ar i wam a mi H e could s eak so well B es with B s p Swa . p

i n Ben ali H ndust an an d Sanskr t reservin t he eculi ar g , i i i , p g p i t ies of each lan g uage t hat i t was diffi cult t o det ect which

lan ua e was his mo er n ue H e was a o n t ed a Professor g g th t o g . pp i

of San skr t i n th e San skr t Colle e on th e 23rd an uar 1 845 i i g J y, ,

on a mon t l salar of Rs 90 w c ncreas ed u t o Rs . 1 5 0. h y y . , hi h i p At that t ime n o Professor of th e San skrit Colleg e drew more

t an 1 a n H t ook hi s en s on in 1 874 an d assed RS 5 0 mo t . e h . h p i , p t he rest of hi s life i n th e cult ivation of the Sas t ras an d in th e

erforman ce of rel ous r t es p igi i .

I n hi s out ful da s h e had t r ed his an d on se eral k n ds y h y , i h v i

o f busin ess . At Ambi ca ram he o en ed a clot s o an d was g , p h h p

n o the leas t d coura d R 0 t e 5 00 . is g eve n aft er in curring a loss of s . ’ At K aln a h e b ecame th e own er of a oldsm t s s o an d at , g i h h p ,

Su r n ear B rb u m h e establ s ed an ot er s o of clot an d i i h , i h h h p h, employed peasan ts t o work in paddy an d sugarcan e plan ta

on s ti .

An un r valled San skr t sc olar h e was n ot vers ed in th e i i h ,

En l s lan ua e b ut h e s owed suc comman d o er th e r n g i h g g , h h v p i den t al ciples of Sociology an d Poli tical Econ omy aft er occi [ 36 ]

mi ra on of r at En l s h ho ideals that i t exc ted the ad t e sc lars. , i i g g i He was an en thusiast ic expounder of the principle that t rue nat onal wealth comes r maril from trade an d secondaril i p i y , y

r ul T at the door of commerce is n ot shut from ag ic t ure . h a ain st Brahmi ns an d that t e would n e er at tain ros er t g , h y v p p i y, unless t e t ook to t rade was dee l m ressed in his m n d h y , p y i p i ,

He m lf illumin ed as it was wi th kn owledg e . hi se carried on t rade in orde r t at ot ers m t follow him and e en aft er , h h igh , v incurr n r a l v r m t he f d e t oss n e e swe rv e d fro at s o ut . i g g , p h y

Calm an d e n dur n h e ossessed b n ature t he boldn ess and i g , p y t he k e e n n s t of a W t ern in mat ters of trad His i ig h es e. l e oss s i n busin ess t ransact ions were due mainly to hi s trusting his s ervan ts too muc h .

Taran ath a k T r abac has pati stood by Vidyas ag ara regardin g his v e ws about t he w dow - re marr a e s s t e m an d came i i i g y , out succe ful in ss de bat e s with se ve ral pan dits ; bu t h e was obl ed to differ from him in hi ig s v ie ws reg a rdin g t he prohibi

’ t on of ol am for he s owe d t at Vid a ar i p yg y , h h yas g s con ten t ion of ol a m be n o osed t o t he Sas t ras was p yg y i g pp fut ile. I n

1 8 26 (Samva t h e u bl s h e d his work o n Dha t u ru a a ) p i p , few da s be for y e which h e had esta blished hi s fame by wr t n a omm i i g c e n tary calle d Sa ral a on t he g reat Sanskrit Gramm ar H is c omme n taries on se veral cla ss cal oe ms an d dramas i n San s k r t are s t ll famous i p i i . The r eate s t o f hi s l t e rar roduc t o n s Ba cha s at a bh idha was g i y p i , p y n ,

ub s e d i n 1 8 7 -1 1 1 . D F p li h . o r this h e o bt ai n e d aid from the

Educa t on De art me n t i p . Th e fame of t his e x ce lle n t produc t ion ex t en ded far an d wide t h rou out t h e c v l sed w orld an d drew gh i i i ,

u ils to hi m from C na J a an an d ma v l E uro an B u r . Se era e p p hi , p p sc olars used to co me t o him for v s t Hi l rar roduct o h i i s . s it e y p i ns alon e en abled him o e t o of i - debts He t g u t h s all absorbin g . breat ed his last on t he 23rd J un e 1 88 h , 5 .

~ 39

RAMTANU L HI I A R .

‘ W e n b u R m h Ba a t an u Lahiri died in 1 898 at th e ad

van ced a e of 85 a l n k w c con n ect ed t h r g , i hi h e p es en t g e n eration w t h t h e reat e t men of B i g s en gal i n th e earlier part of t h e n in e

e en t h cen t r was b rok en I t a t u y . w s hi s sin g u lar lot t o come in t o

. con tact w ith th e mak ers of m odern B en gal as w e ll as wit h th e best

r B or fru ts of t er effo t s . n in 1 81 3 at K r s n an a ar h e was i h i i h g , ’ adm t ted t o the Soc e t s Sc ool e st abl s ed b M i i y h i h y r. Dav id n n H are . Subse ue tl h e e t ered th e H n du Colle e w ere q y i g , h u n der

t h e u dan ce of t at memorable in an Profe ssor De B oz o h e g i h , i , acquired habit s of free t hi n kin g an d a rat ion al crit icism of t he

r l ous doct r n es curren t m n hi f e igi i a o g s cou n trymen . O hi s

fellow - st u den ts h e was most n t mat e w t Ram o al G ose , i i i h g p h ,

t h e reat orator an d at r ot h R v M t e e . K . . Ban er ee t h e g p i , j ,

sc olar an d m ss on ar B as k K r s n a Mu ll ck R a a Dakshi h i i y, hi i h i , j

n aran an Muk e r e e an d Ra a D ambar M t ra ll of m j h j j ig i , a who afterwards dist in g uished themselv es i n th e various w alks of

l f b o l h e n 1 4 h e ecame a t ea r n th e H n du C l e e . e i . I 83 che i i g T

l fe of a t e ac er w t it s on est an d u et n ess cou led i h , i h h y q i , p wit h t h e high mission of shapin g t h e min d of youn g

men w as ver at t ract v e t o R amtan u an d h e work ed as a , y i ,

t eac er in var ou s n st t ut ons i n B en al Bar sal K r s nan a ar h i i i i g , i , i h g ,

B arasat Utt er ara an d Burdwan for n st an ce e er w ere earn , p i , v y h i ng the g olden opin ion s of both t he st uden t s an d t h e g uardian s

al k e He was an deal t eac er w h o was full con sc ous of hi s i . i h , y i

dut es an d res on s bil t es w c b e d sc ar ed t o t h e sat s high i p i i i , hi h i h g i

of all He en forced d sc l n e n ot b en al meas ures fact ion . i ip i , y p ,

d m k n t em b u t by in fluen ci n g t h e will of hi s st uden t s an a i g h

od go . Th e sin cerity of hi s feelin gs an d th e courag e of hi s con vi c

l rok e t ion s w ere shown at a v ery early ag e when h e open y b

an o He h ad t o suffer man wit h Hin du ism d orth dox society . y

ersecut on s i n con se u en ce but h e bore t e m all ver c eer p i q , h y h f ll He was muc a rec at ed b his Euro ean frien ds als o u y. h pp i y p ,

m s n cerel mourn ed his deat most of who i y h . [ 4s ]

He always passe d a quie t life : there w e re fe w import an t e ven t s in h is life : b ut o f t h os e in c ide n t s w hic h co me t o all and

v had t o o lar e a n u m e r His can b e re e n t e d b n o n e h e b . p y , g s t ron b e lie f i n ( l e d s us ta n e d h im in his man b e re a ve me g i y n ts .

H e c eered h is w fe w e n t h e lat t e r w as mourn n fo r h er t le h i , h i g

“ art e d son sa n Mo urn n ot o u r ch ld is in e ave n . At an ot er p , yi g , , i h h e t me w h e n t he co r s e o f an ot h e r o f his s o n s was i n h is ous , i , p h

‘ ' ' tl 1 m h e fre ely COHVt l S l t l w it h h is fri e n ds an d w as appare n y move le e b e le s s life he ( litl mo re t o ra s e t h e d. l n t tl h is b lam , y i res ect Of e o le fo r t he Hama t o wh c h e b e lon e d p p p , i, i h g ,

e d w r t n s . t han all i t s le a rn e d s av ams did b y t h e i r s pe ches an i i g

o H He w as v e ry k iml s o c iab le aml acce s s ible t all . e ,

' ' e o e s n o h is o n specially t rie d i n in c u lc at g o dn s l vhzn act e r t y u g

s n o im fr en ds mo s t o f w h o m de ri ve d t h e r i n imt i n fr m h . i , i p

F or e t u m] n at u re k n dn e s s e n t le n e s s an d moral pi y , g , i , g coura e R amtan u was an it le al ma n a w l ( lit l muc t o m ro e g , h i p v t h e moral t on o h e mm e r e m-ra t ie n e f t v g g .

L A E K R S H N A M o u a s BA N UR T H E T I H. 43 l

K M NERJ EE . . BAN .

o as a sc olar and as a C r st an m s on r B t s a Dr. Kr s n a h h h i i i i y, i h

Mo an Bann er ee occu ed an em n en t os t on i n en l h j pi i p i i B ga .

B orn in 1 81 3 h e was sent at t h e a e of 1 1 t o h H n d , g t e i u

Colle e w ere fall n un der th e i n flu en ce of rof r e g , h i g P esso D

B oz o h e ren oun ced ort odox ab t s an d deas Aft er a di i h h i i . s tin g u i sh ed career as a scholar i n th e Hindu College h e became

' eac er in th e Hare Sc ool w ere he be an t o incu lcate his a t h h , h g

hi t uden His ser h et erodox v iews to s s ts. vices at th e Hare School were dispen sed w it h on a represen tat ion t o the aut horities by th e

aren t s an d uardi an s of th e st uden ts T en he ao p g . h made the

an ce of t e celebrat ed Re v Dr. D ua n t h . uff and o en l acce ted q i , p y p

rom t s m h e Christ iani ty . F hi t i e begafi t o preach the pri n ciples

ri st ai n it t ll 1 2 of Ch y i 85 .

B ut it is as a scholar t hat K rishn a Mohan will be remem

d He was an ext raord n r l n bere . a u st be n well u i n elev en i y i g i , i g p

lan ua es . I n Ben al Ur a aud San skr t he was cons dered g g g i , iy i i

n n fall le an tho i t He ed ed sever l cl cal Sans almost a i ib r y . it a assi

i

w orks w c are th of t e r k Hi s essa an d kr t e best n d. s art i , hi h h i i y i

. “ cles in hi s j ourn al The I n qu i mfr and in the bes t periodi cals

lik e th e Calcu tta R eview were remarkable both for their matter

l F ro 1 8 2 - 1 an d s ty e . m 5 868 h e worked as a professor in

’ ° Bishop s College an d was an hon orary chaplain t o Hi s Grace

ord is o of alc tta th e L B h p C u .

I n his days he was celebrated n ot only for his lin gu ist ic

m n ts b also for hi s kn owled of P l at ta n e ut e oso . I n i , g hi phy 1 861

“ ” h e published hi s thought fu l w ork on th e Darsa fna s or th e six s st ems of H ndu P loso w c was at once a led wi t de y i hi phy, hi h h i h [ 44 ]

li t b e ven savan t s in E uro e n 1 h er ea w rk gh y p . I 865 is ot h gr t o

The A r a n W tn ess a eared y i pp .

He w ork ed as a me mbe r of t he Br t s I nd an Assoc at on i i h i i i , of th e Calcu tta M un c al t of the As at c Soc e t of Ben al an d i ip i y, i i i y g , of h v r I n 1 87 6 h e rece ed t e sen at e Calcut ta Un e s t . , i i y iv

from t h e Calcut ta Un i v e rs ity th e h on orarv degree of Doct or of

Law an d w as also made a H e w as ver fru al in his abi t s , y g h and t h us made a p re t ty larg e fo rt u n e which was always at t h e d s osal of h B o b re ce t and e xam le h e s ow ed i p t e poor. th y p p p h t hat simplicity an d g oodn e s s sho u ld be t he characteristics of a

‘ foll He d e d i h 1 ow er of esus C r s t 885 . J h i . i

[ 4 7 ]

RAMGOPAL GHOSE.

Amon g th e promin en t me mbers of the I ndi an commun ity wh o w ork ed for th e reg en erati on of Bengal durin g t he

last cen t ur n n ands h r an R m o l os Born o e st e t a a G e. y , hig h g p h

in Calcutt a i n October 1 81 5 t he son of a cloth merc an t . at , h

C n a Baz ar h e n er t ed from. his fat er t at . lo e of t rade hi , i h i h h v

d b usin ess ca ac t es b wh c h e ma . e W en he an p i i y i h de his fortun . h en t ered t h e Hin du Colleg e h e fell under the influen ce of

Professor De Roz i o t at em n en t educat onist wh o h ad th e , h i i

on our of tra n n u so man em n en t sons of B en al h i i g p y i g , an d lik e man y of his fellow - st uden t s h e open ly separat ed from th e H n du soc et an d rel on an d ado t ed En lis modes of i i y ig i , p g h l ivin g .

Ab ou t 1 8 0 h e was recommended b Da d Hare th e 3 y vi ,

la o t i n a mercan l n t ro st for a s t e firm. B e fore t s phi h pi , p i hi , howe er w le et a st uden t h e had watc ed carefull t h e v , hi y , h y s tat e of th e mark et an d th e nat ural resources of his coun t r y, the fru t of w ch w as a ser es of articles on t ran s t du es i hi i i ti .

Aft erwards b work n fi rst as a bani an an d t en as a artne r , y i g , h p i n a E uro ean firm h e a n ed con s derable ex er ence in trad p , g i i p i e. H e t hen i n depen den tly carried on busin ess under th e n ame ’ o d b m f R 8b C . an eca e a o . G ose G . h successful and wealthy me rchan t . While t hus en gag ed in improvin g hi s own worldly posi n m ndf l of hi c t on h e w as n ot u u s oun tr . F or som i , i y e t ime h e b ecame th e j oin t - edit or of an d aft erwards s tart ed Th e B en al S ectator a weekl ubl cat on un de g p y p i i , r

th e ed t ors of his fr en d Babu Pear C an d M tra. B ut b i hip i , y h i y far t h e most import an t part of hi s w ork was i n con n ex ion d se d n r. n W e D Goo eve . fo wit h educat ion . h proposed to ur f the d successful st u den ts o Me ical Colleg e t o En glan d i n order . to com let e t e r educat on h e fou n d an abl p h i i , e support er in Ram o al G ose who eart l en coura ed t g p h , h i y g he st uden t s t o adh e re t o t he ir purpose an d act ually saw them off He sen t hi s daughter t o th e F ree School then recen t ly established by [ 48 ]

in ord r an e xam le to h co n m Mr. Be t une e to se t is u tr en . h , p y

B es des t ese he a ded and e nco u ra ed st uden ts of various i h , i g

w u n z e schools ith t it io fees and pri s .

N ot onl i n educat on bu t also i n ot er mat te rs Ram o al y i , h , g p

s owed his z eal for ro r s us h su orted th e es tabl sh h p g e s. Th e pp i men t of t he East I nd an R a lw a w c was look ed on with i i y, hi h d sfa our b hi s coun r m n He w as a tow er of s t ren th t o i v y t y e . g th e Bri tish I n dian Associatio n and w as t he le ade r of every

bl c movemen t i n hi s p u i s day .

B ut he was chic fl dis t n u s ed fo r his orator cal ow er y i g i h i p s . Some of hi s speeche s display a marv e llo us po w e r o f comprehen s on a v orou s ras of th e s ub e ct a o w e r o f e rs uas ve i , ig g p j , p p i

r et or c an d a e rf mas er o f k e e n an d w e t lo i h i p ect t y ig h y g c. B en gal i s n e ver in wan t o f speak e rs bu t co mpe t en t old men are often heard to say that th ey h ear d n o s pe e ch es lik e those

of Ram o al G o A o n e s s s g p h se . m g ot h r hi pe e che s o n t he removal

of t he Nimtolla B u rn n Ghat on t he re n e w al of i g , t he Charte r

Act of 1 85 3 on Sir H e n r Hart li n e and o n Lor , y g d Canni ng are t he most famous and ave be e n l s k e , h hig h y po n of by t h e “ Tu nes

The re ard i high g n whic h h e w as he ld bot h by t h e

G o ern men t an d b t h e u blic is v y p sh o w n by t h e fact t hat he was

a me mber of s e v e ral i m r po tan t co mmit t e e s appoi n ted by

th e G ov e rn me n t an d o f t he C ha o , mbe r f Commerce an d of t h e Se n at e o f th e Calc ut t a Un v e rs i t i y . ’ He w as an Hon orar l re s i t e y l n e v Mag is t rat e an d a J ustica of t h e Peace Calcu t t , a. Las t l he was a me mbe r f y , o t he Bengal Le s lat v e C o un c l from 1 862 t o 1 8 4 gi i i 6 .

Th us h e re n dere d \ o ari us se rv ces to hi s c o un tr i y as a. fr en d o ducat o n f e , a ol t ic an an d an o rat or i i p i i , , an d w ould have

don e e e n more had h e l v e d lon e r H v , i g . e die d in J an uar 1 8 8 y, 6 .

T m: L A E DE \’E N 1) R A ! T c ma T N AT ] a o . sI J

DEVENDRANATH TAGORE.

us reformat on n t at ed b Ra a Ra The religio i i i i y j mmohan Ray wan t of ro er u dan ce f 0 had lapsed for p p g i a ter th e death of The Bra mo Soma or th e T e s t c t he latt er. h j h i i Society found

m also fell u n der ort odox i n fluen b hi ces. A ce ed y , h nt ral

rder o c r force was n ecessary in o t a ry on th e work beg un Dev en dran a h by th e Raj a ; an d in t th e B rahmo Samaj ble leade foun d a wort hy an d capa r. Deben dran ath was b orn in 1 81 8 i n th e ill us t rious

m l of al u t t a H wa h ‘ Tag ore fa i y C c . e s t e eldest son of the

famous Dwark an ath T a ore 8 r c an d l cult ure g , i h high y d

merc an t an d a u bl c man w h o 1a ed an m ortan h , p i .p y i p t

l a oc et i n his da part in Ca cutt s i y ys . H e was on e of th e chief s upport ers of R aj a Rammohan Bay in his t heist ic movemen t ; and Deb en dran ath i n herit ed from him his

rel ou n n Durin hi s st uden t l fe at the H n du igi s i sti ct . g i i

Colle e h e s owed n o stron s r t ual t endenc es b u t he be an g , h g pi i i ; g his rel ous career from th e close of hi s earl man ood w en igi y h , h

He w or a he formally j oin ed th e Brahmo Somaj i n 1 842 . k ed h rd i 1 84 for t s m ro emen t an d succeeded t o some ex ten t . I n 5 i p v ,

d fferen ce of o n on arose amon his followers s ome old n i pi i g , h i g

t at t he H n du scr t ures the edas were n fall ble ot e rs h i ip , V , i i , h

h con t rar w To lv e th e roble m four oldin t e e . so h g y vi p ,

‘ en er et c Bra m n s were sen t in 1 845 t o Ben ares th e seat of g i h i ,

d T e ret urn ed t o Calcutta ed c cult ure t o s tu th e edas . V i , y V h y

a few ears l ater w en t t e a e out t at t h e edas were y , h h y g v h V

t n fall ble T s de art ure from ort odo was an im or n o i i . hi p h xy p

tan t ste in the st or of th e Bra mo Soma an d t o su l p hi y h j , pp y “ th e lace of t h e edas Deben dran at h com led t he Bra mo p V , pi h ” Dharma (Brahmo religion ) - a treatise for the g uidan ce of

hi s followers w c emb od ed th e t eac n s of the H ndu , hi h i hi g i

Rishis con sist en t w it h reason an d scien ce . I n 1 849 h e foun ded th e Tatt wa Bodhi n i Sabha (a society for t h e k n owledg e of t ru th) an d start ed a j ourn al as t h e

or Th e a dealt w t var ous sub ect s gan of t h e society . p per i h i j mark s an rel ous loso cal an t uar an and sci en tific. I t igi , phi phi , iq i t e rat ure and unde r t h e a ble era i n t he his t o ry o f Be ngali li .

mar D ut t i t be an t o m ar n ew ide as edit o rship o f Aks h u y K u g i p t

e lt vat on o f k no wle d e . I t t us and gave an impe t us to th c u i i g h

' s m and c ult ure an d t us aft er pav ed th e w ay l n r h ig h e r c rit ici h

o s tart h - clas s wards e nab le d B an lt i l n C h a ndra an d the rs t o hig w u l s d N bu u n . pe riodicals lik e t he BW N / a r a n a an a y

s e o h e r a eeh ab De lmt ulranat h was t h e re ligi o u s ma t r f t g e t K

u ndra Se n b u t h e co u ld n o t lo n hn lt l h is in fl ue nce o ve r hi s Ch , g ’ ’ ‘ e ( is e i le w b n ( lis lilx i l l h is l re e e l h s co nse rvat s m mi n n t l . , e p , g p i

- y as t : l t h e n ln ical s e ak e r l h b e n flranat h was b ro ke a w a at l . g p ,

e d l l is s e rmo n s are n nas t e r ie ee s u f t at t ru e scarce l y e q ual l . p h

e e a w l ie t y e u 1n e s from th m n e n e w h ie h fra u h t i l h s i n c ri t , e e l l , g y p

' ' c m - n e e ar h e ( ll‘l l n n l t t n re c la m s n n ers h e art zm l g s t t h h t . T y i i

e o f e t h ie s h u w e w r s k ilfu l e u n s t ruct e t l would s m . t han a ny ys t l y ,

' mu r l e u ' l l a e w e re u t e e xce t on al e G u “is e t a mt a . ha v l ue . pi y g q i p i

' l - f he n t he Un io n li a n k t aile d n n clra n a t h lu s t muc more “ . h;

‘ ' v r w ha t tl ‘lt lt ' t l t o h is e l n hfl l l th m fi m -l l t s wa s t hat he t o ok on e e , his

' own s he u lt le rs t lu: l ab ili t ie s o l t he li rm w h c h e co uld eas l i , i h i y

av re nu li at e t l a s n o t be in e rs o nal Th is lv e f h e l g p . in w l him heav ily

i n de bt s b u t b v e e n n u mv a ml o o d man a e me n t he cleared o , g g ff

l his de bts and i n cre as e d hi s i n c o me T s n te r t al . hi i g i y

ri h n s s h ai e i r re wa rd He came o amt u p g t e l t h . t be hig hly re s pe ct e d e v e n b y t hos e w h o « lid n e t s ympathise With

t i e ws wh le b y h is th llu w e rs h e w as s m l adore h is d. , i i p y The g re a t po p u l arit v w h ic h h e h acl a mo n g h is co u n trymen

w as s h o w n w h e n t h e y co n fe rre d o n hi m t h e title of

' ' — ill u ll a l s/u (o r g reat li is hi) a t it le n e Ve r w o n b y any pe rson in

' ' rn me s n t il h s de at h h e b e lrie n d t mode t i . U i e l many you n g men

w ho ro fi t e d b h is t e achi n s an d w e re n s re d b his e xam le p y g i pi y p .

e be n dran a t h was a ls o s n u larl fo rt u n a t e in h is r vat e l fe D i g y p i i .

F o r t rut h fuln e s s h o n e st s im lic i t a n d u r t n ess , y , p y p igh , Dwarkana t h Tag o re w as o n e o f th e mo s t re markab le me n of hi s

t ime and a llar o f s tre n t h t o th e B rai n o Sama t o w c he , pi g j , hi h

ave as it w e re a n e w l fe . g , i

T m: l \ ' rl [ s w a n C HA N DR A li l l n ' ASAG A I 5 5

I SWAR CHUNDRA VI DYASAGAR

W en Pan d t I swar Ch u n dra Vid asa ar d ed on t he 29 h i y g i th ,

ul 1 891 h e was most w de l mou rn ed as an educat on st J y, , i y i i , a ph ilanthropist an d a lit e rary man w h o left a void n e ver

fi ll d o n i n 1 820 i n a o r t o b e e . B r p o B rahmin family at

Birshi n h a i n M dn a ur h e s ow ed t rou out h g i p , h h gh is life w hat

a l f a om g en ius w as c pab e o cc plishin g even w hen un aide d by

fav oura le c rcum an ce H e was edu b i st s . cated at t h e Gove rn men t

San sk r t Colle e W c i s th e c e f seat of San skr t learn n i g , hi h hi i i g

in t ese da s w ere h e w on lau rels an d was on o r h y , h h u ed

“ ” wit h t h e proud dist in ct ion of Vidyasag ar ( sea of learn ing )

b hi s rofessors i n reco n t on of hi s vast an d var ed learn n y p g i i i i g .

At th e a e of 2 1 h e en t ered G ov ern men t serv ce be n a o n t ed g i , i g pp i W l am olle Head Pan di t of the F ort i li C ge . About t hat t ime

h e be an t o learn En l s an d w t c aract er st c en er g g i h , i h h i i gy, acquired a remarkable profi ci en cy i n that lan gu ag e w ithin a

d n 1 846 h e w as a o n t ed A s o r o I s t . r very sh rt pe i . pp i Sec e tary

t o t he Sanskr t Colle e b u t ow n t o difference of o n n i g , i g pi io

w t t he Coun c l of Educat on h e res n ed t at o i h i i ig h p st .

I n 1 849 owe er h e was a o n t ed Head Ass stan t o th e F or h v , pp i i t t

W ll am Colle e w en h e was romot ed t o a rofessorsh i i g , h p p ip of t h e anskr t olle e I n 1 85 5 h e was a o n ed S i C g . pp i t special

I n s ector of Sc ools for th e d st r ct s of H oo l N ad a Bu rda p h i i g y, i , wan an d M dna ur i n add t on to hi s du t es as a Pr n c al , i p i i i i ip ; an d was chiefly in st rumen t al i n establishin g a n u mb e r of

’ model v ern acular schools an d also a n umber of girls schools at

. men B u t hi s t h e ex p en se of th e Govern t . in depen den ce could

f rv H n ot lon brook th e re stra n ts o se ce . e came n to con flic g i i i , t w t th e D rect or of Publ c I n s t ruct on and res n ed i n 1 85 6 i h i i i ig .

St ll h e was eld in suc es t eem b th e G ov ern men t i h h high y , that h e was often respect fully con su lt ed by successiv e Li e ut en

r r an t g ove n ors with espect t o social an d educat ion al mat t ers .

H e w as t us descr b ed b Mad u Sudan Du tt th e oet h i y h , p

H e has th e s m l c t of an old R s th e en e r of an i p i i y i hi , gy ” En l s man and th e eart of a Ben al mot er Hi s works g i h , h g i h . [ 5 6 ]

di rce t e d 0 9 we re 0 ma n c h a n n e ls y , t h a t I t m £ ay be convement c ri be t h e t o des m u n de r di ff e r t h e a d e n s .

e d u A s an ca t i o n i s t h e ra i s e d t h e , s ta t u s of the Sanskri t C o lle e an d e n fo rc ed s t i e i , r c t di s ci li n n i t a . g p , t n o small i ncon

v e n i e n ce t o h i ms e l f: L a t e r o i n 1 8 64 h e fo ro u , u n ded the Met

o i t an I n s t i t u t o n at a e rs o l cos t o f n e arl two lakhs of p l i , p n a y

ru e es i n orde r t o b ri n s con dar an d h i her educat on p , g e y g i

h n t h e re ach of t h e mass He was t h e i on eer of un w i t i e s . p aided

e colle es i n Calcu t ta H e also es tabl shed privat g . i a High En l s Sc ool i n hi s n at ve vi lla e Bi rshi n ha and g i h h i g , g , main

as a free sc ool w a re e board n ou t ain ed i t h it h f i g h se . His services

rnacular educat on w ere n on e th e less aluable t o v e i v . He turned

his att ent on t o Ben al sc ool l t erat ure w c was ext i g i h i , hi h remely

oor at t at t me and com led su t able t ex t - books fro p h i , pi i , m the

- first primer t o t h e highest stan dard.

kr t learni n was also made eas b hi s Sans i g y y introductory r mmar an d hi s var ous eas San skr t readers g a i y i . H e also edited Se eral En l s readers bot rose an d oetr v g i h , h p p y. H e endeavour

ed t o ro de educat on for females i n co- o erat on w t M p vi i p i i h r.

Bet un e an d did muc useful ser ce t o i h , h vi t .

Vid asa ar was also a soc al r f m e or er. Th e y g i un happy o o f Hindu women t ron l p sit i n o s g y appealed t o his gen erou s n at ure and t o amel orat e t e r con d t on h e ar , i h i i i st t ed t h e widow

remarri e mo emen t w c h e e ld had th e sa g v , hi h, h , nction of t h e

r H e wrote se eral e oc - m Hindu Sast as . v p h akin g treatises i n

bot En l s an d B en al ad ocat n the w dow - rem r h g i h g i, v i g i a riag e a n d ult matel s ucceeded in i nduci n th e le slat ure t o a i y g gi p ss an a c t .

le al s n suc marr a es . His mon t l c ar t es amou n t i n g i i g h i g h y h i i , g 1 r mont w to n earl R s . 5 00 e c were best o y p h, hi h wed O n a l l n eed eo le n earl ex aust ed hi s vast ncome from his y p p , y h i b o o k s , As a sc olar an educat on st a reforme h , i i , r an d Dr e emin en tl as a man he eld a un ue os t on an d y , h iq p i i , B e n g a l i s proud to reckon him as one of the best of her man i l y l u s t r i

0 11 8 80 115 . were d rec t e d t o s o man c an n e ls t at i t ma be con en en t i y h . h v v i . ' t o de sc r be t h e m u nde r ( litl e l ' e n t h e acls i . As an h e rais e d th e s t at us of the Sans k ri t

C cdle e and e n fo rc e d s t r ct d s c l n e i n it at no small i n con g , i i i p i , ve n i e n ce t o h e Lat e r a n i n 1 8 64 he fo u n ro ms lf. ded t he Me t i .

‘ o l t an I n st t u t o n at a e t s n n nl co s t. o f n e arl two lak s of p i i i , p y h ru e e s i n o rde r t n b r n s e c u mlarv an d er educat on p , i g high i

e o s s e s He w s e w i t h i n t h e r ac h f t h e ma . a t h pion e e r of unaided

e u e e s a l t a He a s o e s b p ri vat c ll g i n C c u t . l t a lis hed a H ig h

E n l s Sc h o o l i n h is n a t i w x illa e Bi rs b i n ha and main g i h g . g ,

e s a re e s n u l w a re e b o ard o l l s ser fai n d i t a t c h i t h t i ng h u se . i vice s

e t - n w e r H u n e h e le s s v l ab le He t u t o v e rnac u la r l u at i n t a u . rn ed h i at t n o n t o l i t ‘ I l n i l h ml t e ra t u re w h c w as e x tre me l s e ti Lf li , i h y

o or a t t ha t t ime an d e n m ile t l s u t ab le t e xt - b o oks from t he p , p i ,

- ~ n e e s dard. fi rs t pri n l e r t t h h i ; h t t an

Sans k r t le arn i n r w as als o m at te e as b h is i nt roduct or i g, y y y

a n d h is \ a r n ' 1 s e as v S an s k r t re ade rs H e also gramm r a i i . edi te d

e ade rs b o t h ro s e an d o e t r several E n l s r . H e en dea g i h , p p y vou r ed t o ro vide e duca t o n fo r fe male s in co - o e rat on w t M p i p i i h r.

Bet un e an d ( lid mu c h u s e fu l s e n ie e o i t t . h ,

Vid asa ar was a ls o a s u c i al re fi n' y g me r. Th e un happy position of Hin du w w h e n s t ro ng ly a ppe ale d t o his g enerous

‘ n at u re an d t o ame liu i at e t h e r co n di t io n h e s t art e d t he w , i idow remarri e i n c r e me n t w h c h h e b e lcl had th e sanct on of g , i , , i th e

as ras H e w ro te se v e ra l e n c h - l n akin Hin du S t . p g t reat ises i n b oth E n l s an d B e n al advocat in t h e w itlo w - re marr a e an g i h g i , g i g d ultimat ely s ucce e de d i n i n du cin g t h e le g is lat ure t o pass an act

marr a His mon l le al s n s uc e s . t c ar t es amoun t n g i i g h i g h y h i i , i g

l R s 1 5 00 er mon t w c w e re be s ow to n ear . t ed o y p h , hi h n all n eed eo le n earl ex aus ted his vas t n co me from his books y p p , y h i .

As a sc olar an edu cat on st a reformer an d h , i i , pre em n entl as a man he eld a un ue os t on and Ben al i y , h iq p i i , g i s proud t o reckon him as one of the best of h er many illustri

ous GODS.

59

AKSHAY KUMAR DATTA.

There is scarcely a g rown - u p man t o- day i n Bengal who h as n ot h eard th e n ame of Ak shay K umar Datta n or h as be en

fi n hi s r n k s a b en e te d by st udyi g w it i g s . A h y K umar may fitly be called a foun der of Ben al l t erat ure i f t h e ex ress on ma g i i , p i y b all ed e ow .

Ak s a K umar saw th e l t i n 1 820 w c us ered i n h y igh , hi h h th e decade which witn essed t h e birt h of other emin en t men w ose n ames st an d en rolled i n the an n als of en l h high B ga . I t was th e decade which wit n essed the birt h of Pan dit I swar Chandra

ot Ak a ' Vidyasagar an d hers . sh y K umar was born i n the Distri ct

ad a and w as b rou t to Calcu tt a at th e earl a e of N i gh y g of ten .

se ven t een h e was sen t t o th e Or en t al Sem nar th e fir At i i y, st

of r ate e n t er r se t at was foun ded i n Calcutta T . school p iv p i h . o the

e - l ov n oun men of our en erat on t he xam le of Ak s a ease i g y g g i p h y , l s on The oun Aks K u mar ought t o b e a e s . y g hay K u mar idder ur a subu rb of Calcu tta an d h e h ad t o lived at K p , ,

l att en d on foot his sc ool w c was i n Chit u r R oad dai y h , hi h p ,

W en i n t he secon d class h e l m les awa . ost his ab out fi ve i y h ,

- o n d ma n fat her an d h ad t o give up scho l a i t ain th e family by

Bu t t ou com elled t o ut a st o t o hi his earn in gs . h gh p p p s lass room he w en t on ac u r n knowled e f st udies i n th e c , q i i g g or

t has lon been sa d t n himself privately at home . I g i hat ot hing I t can n ot b e dou w ld. bted happe ns amiss i n t his or t hat this a mar sudden calamity compelling Aksh y K u t o leave school

ood I f h e had b een k e t t ed down t o was all for his g . p i the

o h e sc ool ours h e m t a e been routin e work f t h h , igh h v well

e learn n of th e sc ools bu t hi s eni us o versed in all th i g h , g w uld

led F reedfrom th e t rammels of sc olast c rout n e b een cr . have ipp h i i , a d n n owled e t o k nowled Ak shay K umar wen t on d i g k g g e . He

d ed En l s Lat n F renc German San skr t Pers an and st u i g i h, i , h , , i , i other lang uages an d hi s min d was lik e a b ee - hive stored i n with w e A t s t me h e e h on ey culled from all th ese fle rs . t hi i cam in

e w ell - known oet I swar C an dra G u t a wh o con tact with th p , h p ,

was also t h e edit or of a magaz in e called I t was in ’ ' t h e Co l u mns o f t h e I m hlml ou ' that Aks hay K umar fi rs t e m

o e is e n w rit art c le s n 1 84 h w a pl y d h p n i i ng i . I 0 e as ppoi n t ed a t e ache r i n t h e Tat t wabmlhin i Pat hsala and publish ed a

' e s rime i u t e u m h t h fi r t o f i ts k n d i n B e n al . He t h en p g g p y , i g i came u n cle r t he i n tl l l e n e e o f t h e g re at De be n dra N ath Tag ore

' and w a s lmt i n -h arg u n i t he Tafl wbodh i n i w hich h e u li t m l w it h l i nclimi n is het l e ne rgy and vi gour from 1 843 t o ’ 5 3 The ct l z ' ilm w as de d a n e w fo rce in t he o r 1 8 . I i n e c un t y at t hat t o me H f t h e l 1e ~ t k n o w n h ilu s n hieal bo oks Of Ak s a ime . S p p h y

‘ bli s h e d i n t he c o lu mn s 0 1 t he P t r ik w s a a . K uma r e re fi r t, p u

His s t v l w s lw a y s th rc ible u re an d c as t e an d he w as t h e e a a , p h

e o t h e lan pion e r i n t he art f ada pt i ng Be ng ali g uag e to t h e

u e n t ti an d h lo s al t erm His co e x pre s s inm i s c i i c p i o phic s . n tact

‘ ' n t o' il i Wi t h Dt Ve l l t tl u N u l l! sl ls l u u tl l l t l h is l e g u us Opin ion s 130 a

e a . x n t 1 1 1 1 8 5 3 t h e Calcu t t a Tra n n Sc ool v e ry g r t e te . i i g h was establis h e d fo r t h e t rai n i n g o f t e ache rs an d Ask hay K u mar

r l as er I n c' e s s a al la w as appoi n t e d i t s fi s t l e ad M t . n t men t bou r

l e alt h i n a ro ical c o u n t r always t el s upo n h t p y like B e ngal

' u mar s h e alt h s e e n b ro k e do wn an d Ak shay K . H e die d i n

- 1 886 i n his favou ri t e v lla at lIa llv a fe w mile s from Calcu t i , t a.

m t e n c His passio n for k n vle lg C n l l n e v e r be sat i s fi ed ; h e had con v e rt e d his v illa e t h e re n t o a n at ural museum T g i . h e pow e r w h ic h he h as i n fus ed in t o t h e Be n g ali lit erat ure wi ll

f ll me t o come ens hrin e his me mo ry or a ti .

T m: L A E PE AR Y C n a x n M I T T R A .

[ 64 ]

He was a me mber of the Calcu t t a Cor orat on and a me mber p i ,

ar able oc e t of th e Dis t rict Ch it S i y . B ut i t is i n t he fie ld o f lit e r at ure that Pearichan d

le f la n mark The h et l is a s r t ual n o v l w t s ti g s . Ab i pi i e in hich t h e h e ro s e e k s aft e r k n o wle dg e of th e s o ul and achie ves i t t hro ug h SUlf Th e Adhyu tmika is a h umorous w o rk fo r t h e zu l vance me n t o f Te mpe ran ce i n which th e con ver

' sat ion of ( litl e re n t classe s o f pe o ple are ve ry cle ve rly des

H w o t e i n b o t E n l s h an d B e n al t he l fe Of Da crib e d. e r d h g i g i , i vi H are fo r w h o m h e had a g re at admi rat i on ; b oth t he work s

e ve d u t h i s las t i n r work n B n w ere ve r w e ll re c . B i e ali y i g, g

‘ ' ’ l l r' ( h u v ' r D lu n l t e rar o w i te rat u re is t h e Al al r r u l . I i y p e r

an d s e n s e o f h u mo u r i t h as b e e n rare l s u r ass e d in B e n ali y p g .

n on e re s e ct i t mark e d an m o rtan t de ar ur I p i p p t e . Hithert o it had b e e n c us t o mary t o w rig g o od Be ng ali works in th e

learn e d s t le wh c is mo s t ak n t o San s kr t an d e o l e y i h i i , p p

. b b eg an t o t hi n k t h a t n o re ada le w ork co u ld be wri tt e n i n any

o h r s t le Pe aric h an d w i t h h is u s e t e y . ual k e n ne ss foun d t hat

' o e u n l e ss e lt rt s w e re ma l e, t o c h c k t hi s pro ce ss o f assimilation of

t h e B e n ali lan ua e t o San s k ri t i t s s e arat e e x s te nce would g g g , , p i

f l Th us w i h h a ra e ris i b e do ub t u . t c c t t c e n e r an d boldn ess , gy

f s ri t h e w ro t e t he b o o k i n s i m l T o pi p e B e n g ali . hu s Pe arich an d pave d t he w ay fo r t h e cre ati o n o f an in depen den t B e n g ali lit e ra t ure an d t h e lmo li is t o b e pra is e d more for i ts

s t or cal W o rt h t han fo r i t s n t r n s c e xce lle n ce wh c latt er i hi i i i i , i h s,

v r n o t t o b e i n o re t l Th e w o k ow e e . r h as be en t ran slat e d n o h , g i t

s h an d al o ( ‘ fl ll l a lSe t E n gli s ll l l . H min g acco mplis h e d v ario u s ot he r works o f public ut ility

h e as s e dawa i n 1 8 83 a t th e a e o f 69 mourn ed b a lar e c rcle p y g , y g i

n ds nd adm r h o h - of frie a e rs . T u a fre e t nk e r h e learn t t o i g hi , res e ct an cie n t t rad t o n s an d o ft e n uote d t h e H n du scr p i i , q i ip

n a s a h H w t u re s i s pirit o f ymp t v . e as ren own ed for cosmopoli

l ss t an i sm an d p ublic use fu n e .

6 7 1

MI CH EL M A ADHUSUDAN DUTT.

As th e fi rst reat oet of t h e cen t ur who was indeb te d g p y,

t o hi s w estern mast ers for his n s i rat on an d as the creator of i p i ,

blan k erse i n Ben al M c ael Mad u sudan D ut t i s a favour t e v g i , i h h i

W t t ose who read en al l t era r He was born at i h h B g i i t u e .

1 824 at Sa ardar i n th e D str His fat er a ct of essore . g i, i i J h ,

w ealt ak l of th e Sudder Court sen t him at th e a e of hy V i , g

l v H n d t we e t o th e i u Colleg e . Un der th e leadership of Professor

De B oz o h e soon became rom n en t i n th e re bell on a ain st i , p i i g

u Hin du ideas an d customs . He s t died En glish poet ry an d

drama ea erl b ut n e lected Mat emat cs I n 1 8 2 h e asse d g y , g h i . 4 p th e u njor Sc olars Ex am n at on b ut left th e H ndu Colle e J h hip i i , i g ’ and b came a r s t an i n 1 84 T n e Ch i i 3. he h e s t udied at t he Bishop s

Colle e t ll 1 847 W en he wen t t o Madra a d th e g i , h s n became sub

r editor of a journ al there . D u in g his colleg e life h e had acqu it

ed a rofici en c in En l s Greek L at n F ren c German an d p y g i h , , i , h ,

I talian an d lat er on h e learn t San s k r t . He could easil read , i y

l n u t h e mas terpieces in t hese a g ag es .

I n Madras h e marr ed a E uras an lad t h e dau t er of t h e i i y , gh ed tor of th e ourn al on w ose st aff h e was bu t h ad t o l v e i n i j h , i

er s tra t en ed ci rcums tan ces w c was all th e more n ear v y i , hi h u b

'

able t o th e son of a rich man . I n 1 85 6 h e re t u rn ed to Calcu t t a and cla med t he ro e rt of h is fat er w h o had d ed i n th e m an i p p y h , i e

me e was con se u en tl n volv ed i n e x n l a n t . H e s e t t o i q y i p iv i ig i ,

At t at me h e b ecame a clerk i n b ut s ucceeded i n t h e e n d. h t i

rt of t h e Pres den c Ma strat e Calcut t a w en ce h e t he Cou i y gi , , h

r rose to th e post of an I n t erp e t e r.

n 1 862 h e w e n t t o E n lan d t o st ud for th e b ar leav n I g y , i g

w fe an d c ldren t o be ma n ta n e d b hi s trus t e es w ose hi s i hi i i y , h irreg ularity an d n eglig e n ce i n t his respect drov e h er away t o Mad usu dan was n ow i n a v er cr t cal os t on and E n land. g h y i i p i i , a ealed for el t o th e reat Vid asa ar w ose fame as a pp h p g y g , h

ears con st an t frien d of t he dis tress ed did n ot fail t o reach hi s .

Vid asa ar w t hi s c arac te r st c rom t t ude at on ce re s ond y g , i h h i i p p i , p ed t o th e call an d b hi s el Mad usudan re turn ed t o Calcu tt a , y h p , h [ 63 1

t h o urt as a barr ster. B u i n 1 867 an d was sworn in t he Hig C i

i rov it lence and wan t of a l cat o n he co uld n ot o wing t o mp pp i i o Afte r a e r od v t de bt s . s uccee d at t he bar and ran hea ily i n p i h im old m s e r dur n w c some o f his fr e nds desert ed , o f un t i y , i g hi h i

ar table os tal on 29 1 h J un e 1 8 7 3 . h e die d in a ch i h pi .

s f mn it io n i n l fe was t n h e a re at oe t and e v en Hi chi e h i g p ,

e s e o w r t e En l s o e s at w he n at co lle g e h u d t i g i h p m .

! ! s e n hlis h e tl an En l s h o e m t h e Ca ti ve Lad adra h , M , p g i p p y ,

w a c rh n ire rl w hich s mu h a .

1 8 5 8 w le l l rlli i i s ndan was in Calcu t a a r ll an t I n . t b hi , i i

' . ‘ m u i tt t ntt t e l l l s t ' u t n ms e t l mo s t l u i t h e e n t ! l r l . v ry f Ca cu t t a g p l g , ’ t ' f o e re s e n t t h e l i n a dra ma I u / ml ru h e s t I I t l t r p g li t l i on t t ag e .

- h c e The Li e u t e n a n t t w e rn e r a n l t h e r di s t ing uis he d E urope ans

“ e s e m w e re M i n p r n t l ) t h e aw l it was fo un d

‘ n e ce s s ary t o t ran s la t e t h e t ll nt n tl i n t o En g li s h in o rtle r to mak e

in e lli ih le t n t h e i ll u s t ri e ns v is it o rs h e la t . Mc ae l M t . p y g i h 5 .

' e s h w h ich h e w e c n s e o h Lu . n t B u t t t o k u p t pli h l with s ing ular ah ilit v aml l I e n e w fu n n el o u t h o w pe e r was Be ngali

e u e n t l ra m- i s a w l rm l ne e t l t w o ma l t rat r i . dra s i n Ben ali i p g , ’ ' l e l t rmi s f/u l n ml I m u m u l i w e re lam urah l o reeei v S y ed.

r t h s a t t h e re u e s t a w l a mi e r t h e at rcma Aft e i . q p g e of Maharaj a Sir J o t in clramn han h e 1mn ln e e cl an e pic i n blan k verse

' ' t u l l u u mm r mhlu l l Th e w s s lle l Ti ll . a n cee s s ln l and l ca , ed

o t h e rml n e t in n « i f h is re a t e s t “ e rk J l e ll n cl rltt btt dha t . p g y ,

' e l )l ' l l l l \ e rs e l l e a ls » l m l l ze e l w o an e i i n { . l t th rees W i c p p , h h

d o n e n a me lv t h a t t he w e re fre e fro m v u l ari t h a y g y .

Lat e r o n h e w ro t e t we o e ms Ifi m n mm and B ra cm a’na , p , g j g

‘ ’ ’ ' ‘ m t h e fu l tn t l o f w h ic h w as m le lle tl o n t h e He rn ie Epist les of

i s h n u ma r } a d a w as s o o K r ma . al l K r u . r du d V r . ce at t h e i gi p .

ime Mo s t o f h is Be n ali s o n n e ts w ere w r n w same t . g itte hile h e

o m r n E u ro e w as a s j i rn e i p .

F o r M lt on c rande ur l u x n rian tmimiles and s w i i g , , eetn ess

'

of e x ress on Me h mr. cc e /u t w ll alw avs occu a lead n p i , g i py i g

o n al o ms positi n amo g Ben g i p e .

T m: L A E R A E N D RAL AL h’I I T R T J A.

! ! “ e mu s o rtan t are the A n t i u ities o Orissa Bodh t he se t h t imp q f ,

' “ _ u t e au lu - A r u u s w c are re markable for de e ( ry a n l Ut l g hi h p

c o s a t ie n t re s e arc accmat e obser at on an d co en t s a r h . h l ip p h . v i g

o re as n i ng .

l n l h tifi h e was appo i n t e d Direct o r of the .Wards

‘ t e ' e - s c I n s t it u t i o n i n nl t t t a t n n pu e l e xclus i ve ly of th e min or

' o w n e rs u t b ig 7 e mi n claris ) “ h e re h e had a large share i n

' ’ t e lu r e t i u n o f t h e l al ll l l i u i h is o i n h m y uth ful disciples .

' ' t e s Wh e n t h a l n t t a t e rl -n rat ie n w as e t ablish e d he be came a

s s n e s l i - e e o e ( h au n t i i n r a a n rmn n t n min e and ( litl much g ood

’ ' m' k l l h e i s e le e t e t l l l e s it le l l t u f t he As at c S i w . l i i oc e ty

' “ ‘ __ q n e iu n l n r “ h e h n -me W 31 5 l w t t e t fi t e t a liq i l i t l .

' ' - ' I n I HTS t h e t : -te n I n iw rs i t y i n a re c at on of his , pp i i

' s e l it i n n e -nn te rrm l o n h im t h e h o n o rar de ree of v a t rm . y g

u n a w s i s “ n rk s w e re muc ra s e D oct r f L . l i h p i d by learn ed

w h u le u k e t l n n s ocie t ie s i n n n him as an authori ty ;

o e s H s t h e r and Eu r p an e h ln r i n i showed t he ' ! e s t imat i o n i n “ h ie h t h e v e ld him high h . Nor was t he

- ' -n s lo w i n his me r t I 1 l n m t i s. n 1 877 h e

t e R ai ah at lu r a n d a t he ver w as n i a l a B . n ex t ear y y .

' ' o e i l le u i i n n w as h e s t u w e tl on 11 111 H Lat e r n t h t j 1 . e was

' e s ial e n s o n n t R s 5 0 0 a mo n t g ran t d a pe c p i h . Ou t he oth er

an d h e w as l l l t ‘l l t i-me t l w t h re ve re nce b the I ndian Pre h , i y ss .

e was fo r a t ime eo nn ee t e d w i t h t h e H i n du P a r H t i ot , whi ch

f en ro fi t e d b h is adv ice an d as s s t ance o t p y i . As President t o

th e Ce n t ral Te x t - Bu uk Co mmitt e e h is s erv ces t o e , i ducati on

re n ot t o e de s e d a s o w e b pis . H e was l o n e of th e foundat i on

members of th e B ri t s I n d an As s oc at on and for a lon t i i h i i i , g me

act ed as it s Pres de n t an d Vie e - Pmsidén t i n bot of whi c i , h h capacities be spare d n e it h e r his abilit ies n or his pen i n promot

i n t h e cause of th e Assoc at on . H 0 d ed on the 26th J ul g i i i y, 1 8 1 9 . 75

HARISH CHANDRA MUKHERJ EE.

On e of th e g reates t n ames in I ndian j ourn alism is t hat of

ab u Har s C an dra Mu r e orn a h owan i re in B i h h khe j e . B t B po

1 824 i n a ver oor B ra m n fam l h e had t o s tru le all y p h i i y , gg

alon a aihst advers t an d t us ac u red from a ver earl g g i y , h q i y y period that sympathy for t he p oor an d oppressed which

rou ou h mark ed him th gh t is life . He fi rst j oin ed th e Union

Sc ool as a fre e st uden t b ut was com elled t o leave it ow n h , p i g rai n ed c rcum an ce t o st t e i st s . He t h en t ook u p an employmen t on R s 1 0 per mon t h ; b ut his t alen t s could n ot b e confi n ed

narrow o wit hin this limit . By c mpet it ive ex amin iti on h e

en tered t he offi ce of the Military Audit or- G en eral i n Calcu tta

on a mon t l salar of R s 25 w ere b ab lit an d ndus tr h y y , h y i y i y he rose to higher post s and was drawin g R s 400 per men sem

when h e died of consumpt ion at th e early ag e of 37 .

w as essen t all a lf- made man u ued le a He se . He rs l i y p g ,

' philosophical an d lit e1 a1 y st udies with an en ergy which shamed e u d h academ c sc olars . T us e e t ook t o ourn a m s . I n i h h q ipp , j li “ P tr w a 1 85 5 h e started th e H i n du, a iot hich ft erwards flouri sh ed and became a power in the lan d un der t h e able edit orship of ’ anot er llustr ous ourn alist K rist odas Paul . I n Hari sh s da s h i i j , — y t h e n u mber of i t s subscrib ers was very small ne ver exceedi n g

1 5 0 so t at h e had t o cont r b ut e about R s 1 00 a mon t from , h i h

or Th e er was his in come t owards its supp t . pap con duct ed wit h so muc ab l t learn in an d m art al t t at i t soon became h i i y, g i p i i y h the organ of th e educat ed commun ity an d was se veral t imes

n men n h onourably not iced by t h e Gover t of I dia. B efore this h e j oin ed the Bri t ish I n dian Associat ion and earn estly eo operat ed w ith it i n it s public capacity . While main t ain ing a steady at t it ude of loyalty t owards th e

owers t at be more art cularl dur n t h e Mut n Har s p h , p i y i g i y, i h Chandra n ever ceased t o plead th e cause of t he w eak and t h e

His ser ces on be alf of th e Be n al r ot s as a a n st oppressed. vi h g y g i the oppressive in digo- plan t ers made him th e en emy of th e n on o n a1 He t ook u th e afi cial European commun ity f B e g . p c aus e o i t he fo rme r t o u at a cons ide r able ersonal sacrifice , h g h p as s is ting the m with le g al a dvice and e ven trying to procure

ro e r r om a T rou h his exerti on s in p p re medie s f t he u thorities . h g this re s pe c t t he G o ve rn me n t appo in t ed an I n digo Commi ssi on

w t Bab u l l aris h c andra as one of i t membe rs t o i h h ,

n u re n t o t he a lle e d r e vance s of th e r ots and i t was i q i i g g i y , e h ie tl v cl u e t o h is e ffo rt s that t he pos it ion of t he ryots was

‘ l w t ' w l i l l .

‘ l l a ri s h t han clra a lways t o o k a de e p in te re st in Spi ri t ual

' ‘ a ll a l l s a w l “ a s c h l e ll n s t rume n tal in e s tabl s h n the Bhowan i , ) i i i g

o e o a ma l i e wa r e a r e n d p r Bra hm S j . s p iz d as f i by some of his

mo s t e m n e n t e t mt e n 1 .i rarit -s - l{ a m o al G ose R oma rasad i p g p h , p ’ Ra m h o o a t h l andi aml o t h e r The lo S n h n t s . e and res ect y , v p i n w hic h he was h e ld by t he p ublic is shown from the fact

tha t a ha mlsmn c s ubsc ri ption was rais e d to commemorate his

me mo r i n th e s ha e o f t h e H ar s h C andra Li brar whi y p i h y, ch was lo cat ed i n t h e re m s e s of th e B r t s I n dian Assoc a p i i i h i ti on . That associatio n also sav e d his B ho wan ipore pre mises from an attachme n t by an i n dig o - plan t e r who succeeded in a sui t

' for de famat on a a n st t he de ce ase d b a n him ofl i g i , y p yi g . w idow also enj oyed an an n uity from the association till

h er death .

l 79

RAJ NARAIN BOSE .

Ra Nara n Bose son of N an da K r s na ose came of j i , i h B ,

h - k — t e well nown Bose family of Boral a villag e in th e 24 Pur anas n ot er far off from Calcut a 1 t . n 826 g , v y He was born i .

H v a in g complete d his primary educat ion at t h e v illage

athsala Ra Nara n en t ered t he Hare Sc ool alcu tta at th e p , j i h , C , a e of 8 t i g . I s said t hat he earned so uni que a: di s t n ct on in his s o i i cho l career that hi s an swer papers in th e vari

- ous examin at ions appeared i n well kn own . n ew spapers of the da . I n 1 840 he com leted the seh ool course and oi ned y p , j the H n du Colle e w c he left i n 1 844 avin obtaine d a i g , hi h , h g thorou mast er o er t h e En l lan re gh y v g ish g uag e an d li t erat u .

At th s t me t at well - k n own literat eur Aks ho K umar i i h , y

D utt was ed t n h rnacu lar t e Tattw abodh in i P atri ka a . ve , i i g , ma az ne of esta l sh ed r on Ra N ara n w a o n t ed g i b i eputati . j i as pp i his assistant Hi caree r as a ra mo re r be an from t s . s B h p ache g hi

’ ' ti me His conn e w t h z kw brou t . cti on i h t e Tattwa bodh n i P atm gh

' him int o a very close t ouch wi t h th e Brahmo Samaj and gave him a l fe - lon fr end i n Askho m r Dutt Man of th e i g i y K u a . y let t ers exch anged between t hese t wo great - nnin ded me n are i n ’ th e possession of R ajN arai n s fami ly and t he y all t en d t o sh ow

th e fee l n be t ween the t wo was v er dee that i g y p:

‘ ‘ F rom Ma 1 848 t ll F ebruar 1 85 1 Ra N aram act ed as y, i y , j Second Teach er of the Hindu College: He was the n ap Hi Ma t er of the Midfna ur H E. Sc ool . s poin t ed H ead s p . h sermons and lect ures i n the M dn a ur Brahma Sama w ch i p j , hi

u l s ed i n a book form would am l r e a em have been p b i h , p y p y p W le there h e wrot e se eral books b u t w a t ar more sal . hi v , h e

» — note wort hy are hi s labours in co nn ecti on with; th e widow t e h s an d man oth er cau ses inarriage movemen t in Midnapur. T i y cons pired to break hi s healt h an d RajNarain became a prey t o ss tat ed his ret remen t in 1 869 Cerebral complain ts, which ne ce i i . o h r n ear id n at h Sin ce t hen he lived mostly i n D e g a Ba y .

he end came on Sat u rda the 7th Se te mber 1 900 T y, p , ,

l i at t h e a e of se en t - four when h e succumb ed to para ys s g v y . “ “ H is P as t a n d P res e n t an d E s s a ys o n the B e n g alee La ng u

' t cl -jz w ill lo n g nn in t ai n h is re p u t a io n in th e fu lci o f Be ngal e e ’ ! e l as t aml Pre s e n t is a s o tle s s cture : it is e n l ven e d lit e rat ar . p pi i

e s s o n t me i t w ll cla m t h ro ug h o u t w it h harml h mn m . I i i i

' e o o v a ble h s o r t h e t lis t in t i n t an i n al u i t y .

RajN ara in “ as w e ll - k n o “ n fo r h is s w e e t W o rds an d in e ve ry

s o e ia l a h e ! e o le W u l l lt i aw i e w a e rn e s s H g t ri n g p p a t t h m i th e g , e

was a m n e o f i ' l ii i l ‘ l n tl i in n s t » t o s e a k and w o u l ' l alwa s e n i . p , y

' li v e n h i s e - i m e rs - ut io n w it h s n e h e rml it in n t ha t t alki ng o f t hi s ’ ’ l n n clit Si v a N a t h Sas t ri re e o rt ls : A fe w l n i n u t e s con ver

s ati o n w i t h ma n W o n hl a t o n c e e o n v i n e e v e t t h at h e was a

' ' v s e i t a e a r n o f h is ae l e s n tte ri n fro t n e a a t ly rml m n . H i g u g h d

ac h e s a r w ro e t o h i h at h arl i n \ l\ h K u m t m. e y th e

mo rn i n « lri n li i e s a t e r a ml t a k e a lit t le a i r n b o t in th e g , p p i g h

'

’ o a 1 o e e i n rn i n g a n l e \ ! l i l 1 4 d n t x rt. \ o nr b ra ns too . i

' l 1 h s e e u h . i 1 rl fri n ds s o n e t h i \ h ip h is n Bab u J og

' e mlranat h s a s : M la t h e r “ a s ( le t o t e l l fri n H e re me y } e d. m

' ' ' o f t h e m “ ll H l l l h e h a l o n t e acc e pt e d as

frie n ds t l l l t l - ' t i t h e m t ill t h e e ml o f h is l fe i .

I n his U it i h ma ‘ le o u t. a lis t o f t h e m an d w o u ld

s e - l 1e e e o cc as io n all y ( n a a l: i t ml r i . : 1 . ; r t h m w i t h f el n i g “

i ‘ “ h t h : i n ( f l i i ' l h e h e ar' l o n e cla y t h at a frie n d Of hi s

. ' ‘ h ad c o me 1 t n a l t 1 a la s e i li n t e ars p V Y . H e at

c e c e 1 h i ' t e m t s t o re o n all d 1 h im b u t. a ll miml t h e ma Of , p n

‘ t h e i r e a rl y fri e n ds h i p p ro v e d fu t ile a ml h e f t ' t l l l l l t 'tl sadly di s

o e app i n t d.

' ' ” i a i ‘tt t l i e t l o n a lo n g ( Iis e u s s io n w it h t h e Chri st i

e l e e e l . e s n d a R v r n d D r. . B an . O e K an r e re fe rre y , j d t o

as h is re de ce s s o rs w h e re u o n R a p , p j Narain

— e Ve ry h u mo ro u s ly as k e cl s i n e w h e n aml fo r w h at offe n ce on t h e i r part h ad t h e M an n an d Yajn a valkya from

e s . o f h i s o re f t h e rs i a N a ra i n w as e th li t f a . i a g r at favo urit e

a Ra m Mo a n R o l i e w as s im le as of R a h y . a ch ld an d hi s j p i ,

- ik e as a mo de l re li i o 1 1 1 11 is ra re i n Be n al l g n s 1 g .

83 1

BH UDEB MUKHERJ EE.

B rea y son of his vast in t ellectual powers and of hi s charac

t er Bh udeb ex e c sed mm n i n fl n v r an e se u e ce o er hi s en erat on . , i i g i B orn i n 1 825 at N apitpara i n t h e dis t rict of B oogly i n a learn ed

Pan d t fam l h e n h er t ed from hi s fat h er Pundi t B swan at i i y , i i , i h

Tarkabh u shan t at love of learn n an d stren t of c aract er , h i g g h h

w c w ere th e c e f t ra t s in hi s n at r n ered th e hi h hi i u e . H e e t

San sk r t Colle e at t h e a e of 8 an d t h re e ears lat er h e o n ed i g g , y j i

th e H n du Colle e w ere bes des W n n n t h e b est sc olar i g , h , i i i g h

s s an d r z es w t n hi s reac h e b ecame v er n t mat e w t hip p i i hi h , y i i i h

M hae l ° M. c S. D 1 t t th e oe t an d s ev eral ot er reat men i , p , h g

of his cen t ur . Un l k e t em ow ev e r h e could coun t eract th e y i h , h ,

effect of t h e t ea’ihi n s of Professor De R oz i o b his ort odox g y h .

n st n ct s an d b th e in flu en ce of hi s fat e r w om h e muc i i y h , h h lov ed an d rev ered an d remain ed a st aun c H ndu t h rou out , h i gh

hi s l fe i . Three years aft er leav in g th e Hin du College h e en t ered t h e g ov ern men t education departme n t i n 1 849 as Secon d Mast er of t h e Calcu tt a Madrasah an d i n t h e same year b ecame th e H ead

Mast er of t h e How rah Z lla c o l I n 1 85 6 Bh udeb was i h S h o . appoin t ed Head Mast er of t h e H oogly N ormal Sch ool an d si x ears aft erw ards h e was a o n n s ect or o y pp i t ed Asst . I p f schools t o carry on th e g overn men t scheme of primary educati on in some of t h e adv an d r t s H e ra dl ced ist ic . pi y rose t o d s t n ct on an d some of his re ort s had t h e on our i i i , p h

b e n ado ed b t h cr ar o a e t en b ecame a of i g pt y e Se et y f St t e . H h . rcle I n s or an d 1 5 er Ci pect rose t o t h e first grade on R s . 00 p

h e n h t h e ov ern men t mon t h . I n t mea t ime e was depu t ed by g . t o report on th e w orkin g of t h e Halkaban di syst em of primary

a The over d Proy in ces an d t h e u n b . e ucati on in t h e N . W. P j G men t i n recog n it ion of hi s g ood service s i n edu cat ion al matt ers

1 882 h e w as o I E . I n con ferred n him t h e distin ct ion of C . . a o n t e d t o t h e B e n al Le s lat v e Cou n c l an d as a meml' er pp i g g i i i , of th e Edu c at ion Commission of t h at ye ar h e prepared an ex cellen t report for Ben gal .

Af er re t r n from ov ern men t servi ce i n 1 883 h e wen t t o t i i g g , I 84 l

for me Benares an d s t udie d t he Ve dan ta philosophy there so

d in it that solace I t was his f avo ur t e. urs u t for h e fou n ars . ye i p i , 0 r at and comfort which he was i n ques t of for a long t ime . 5 g e

at o n of t at s ste m of h loso h that afte r was his appreci i h y p i p y, 1 8 h e re t u rn n to C n s ura w e re he had set t led s nce 63 , i g hi h , h i o o W he b e s tab lis h e d a San s k ri t Chat us pathi (sch l) i th t o jec t

o f t h e e a a los o h I n th e o f re vi vin g t h e s t udy V d n t phi p y. m ds t o f s uc c o n e n al w ork h e e x re d o n t h e 1 6th Ma 1 894 i h g i pi y , i n h i 0 e a s 7 t h V r.

As a w r t e r h e W it ' lt i c t i an e n o rmous i n fluence o er h i i , v s coun t r me n an d t he var e t o f s u b e ct s o n w c h e wrote s o w y , i y j hi h h s h is v e rs a le k n o w e e H e w ro e e n e ral r t d . t t e at ses on educat on i l g g i i ,

’ t he b e s t o f o f w h ch i s S ks u l - If sha t t lr I ru s txl Hi ' i z i g/ b. s P ari bar i’c

P mbcm rlha (t lo t n e s t it‘ e s sa y s ) an d Swmajik [ het ban dha (soci al e ssa o e n h e h o ys ) are m s t w i de l y r ad. I t s e e un f lds th e vas t s tore o f w sdo m h e ac u red i n h is lo n b u t b la me less l fe H i q i g i . is mi s ce llan e o u s critical e ssays s till o ccupy a hig h ran k i n Ben g ali l t e rat u r i e .

B y eco n o my and s imple mo de s of li v i n g h e made a g reat sav i n fro m h is re t t lar e n co me o u t o f w h c h e ded ca g p y g i , i h i ted

R s 1 60 000 t o t h e ro mo t on of San s k r t learn n an d t o , , p i i i g th e e st ab l s h me n t o f t w o ch ar t ab e ( lis e n sari es o n e K a 'ra i i l p , bi jee a d t h e o h r o me o at c n t e H p hi . Of all h is C o n t e mporari e s h e mig ht b e best compared t o

r Vid a a ar Pun di t I s w ar C h an d a y s g , B ot h w ere hig hly con v e rsan t w t h all t h e h ases o f w e s t e rn cu lt u re b ut i p , n ever

rt h odox H n du sm re n ou n ce d t h e ir o i i . Both we re g reat educat i on is ts an d spen t a larg e part of th e ir fort un es for

t h e advan ce me n t of le arn i n . Bot h w e re e n t le an d k n d bu g g i , t

n mo ra o u ra e u w ile Vid a a s t ro n g i l c g . B t h yas g r carried on social re fo rms w it h an e n e rgy an d boldn ess w hich defie d n u

o u lar t an d e rso n al s ae 1 'ifi ee Bh ude b on t h e ot e r an d p p i y p , , h h ,

re fe rre d a calm an d u n o st e n tat ous mode of l v n s len t l p i i i g , i y work n for th e advan ce me n t of hi oun r m n i g s c t y e .

1 87 1

ABDUL LATIF .

i ved a born in Marc 1 828 . Ha rece Nawab Abdul Latif w s h ,

l d cat on at the Calcutta Madras a where he hi s ear y e u i h , in lis h and gain ed a Govern ment scholarship for proficiency Eng

n l b ect H e became a t eac er in 1 846 and was in orie ta su j s. h

Ma tra e i n 1 84 He i n due course rose a oin t ed a De u t s t 9. pp p y gi , , to the first grade of Deputy Magistrat es an d on many occas ions He came of a er ofli ciat ed as a Presidency Magistrate . v y respectable fami which had long b een settled i n F aridpore H f er a leadin der B awan in Ben al . is at leader i n the Sud g h , g p y

Adalat in Calcutta was er muc res ected for his atta nmen ts , v y h p i

n sc olar awab A l f as remarkable for as a Persia h . N bdu Lat i w

hi s tact and j udgmen t . He di d much service t o the cause of his coun ty as a member of the Bengal Legislat ive Council for

se eral ears. He was a J usti ce of th e Peace a member of v y ,

th e Board of Exam n ers and a fellow of the Calcutta Un ers t i iv i y. I n 1 867 he was rewarded by t he Governmen t with a gold medal and a set of the En cyclopaedia Bri tann ica with an —“ autograph i n script ion of the Viceroy in recogn it ion of his

ser i ces i n romot n nat e educat on s ec all th e educat on v p i g iv i , p i y i

of t ose wh o l ke mself belon to t h e Mahomedan rel i on . h , i hi , g ig

I n 1 862 he was n omin at ed b the Govern men t t o b e , y a member of th e Commission t o en quire in t o th e stat e of

h e alcutta an d the Hoo l Madra as He also act ed t C gh y s .

mm on er for l as 3. Mun c al Co ss Ca cu t a an d th e suburbs i ip i i t . H e was also a member of th e B oard of Man ag emen t of th e

Al ore Re format or an d of th e D st r ct Educat on C omm tt e ip y i i i i e .

r an na He foun de d t h e Mah ome an 24 Pe g s . d Lit erary and ci en t ifi c Soc et an d act ed as it s Secretar 1 A S i y y since 863 . s a memb er of the Philosophical Commit t ee of th e Asiatic

Soc e t Ben al and as a Memb er an d Trust e e of h e n d an i y, g , t I i

As soc at on for t he cult vat on of sc ence an d of th e D str t i i i i i , i ic

C ar table Soc et h e did substan t al work H me . e beca 9. h i i y, i

on I st J an n ar 1 883 a Nawab i n Ma 1 880 an d a N awab y, , y, ,

’ Ba adur on the occas on of Her Ma s e i n 1 887 h i j e ty s Jubil e . 1 88 ]

h - uali a His deat h He w r arkable fo r is man s de d fic t ions . as e m y i q ,

w c occurre d in 1 8 93 has le ft a a in Mahome dan soc e t hi h , g p i y “ e H w l t which is s till un fill d. e as t h e mos t prog ressive and en igh

z a o n he Mah o me dan s of Be n al H b ve d a nu en e l m g t g . e elie th t le ss t h e ri s i ng g e n e ra tio n amo ng h is co ex e rt ed t hem se lve s n t e lle c t uall w t more e ffe c t t e wo uld be u t t erl ou t i y i h , h y y ” b he i r Hi n clu fe llo w - s ub e c ts e awa st ripped y t j in th race of life . N b

Abdul Lat if was Ve r o u lar a mo n his fr ends H ndus an d y p p g i , i

' e r ofiie ial and n o n - o fii ial Mah om lan s c . He u ed t o t reat all , s ' d e uall w t th e same cou rt e ' his frien s q y i h sy and aflability

' n dis t i n e t i o n o t cas t e or re H w ith ou t a y c ed. e use d to tak e

e fe s t i vals o f h is l l iml n fri part i n th e nds . As a Magistrat e

h e w as muc lo v e d and re s e ct ed b y all for hi s at ilit h p y ,

i an d s t ro n commo n e n e impart ial t v g s s . Many respect able

f o famili e s w e re sare t i r m ra i n b y t h e i n t e rve n tion of N awab

Abdul Lat f w h o w as alwa s e a e r t o av e th e dis ut es amon i , y g h p g

n d d b some mean hi s fri e s se t t le y s . An u n ost en t at ous s n le i , i g min ded an d t ruly b e n e vo len t pe rs on lik e t h e lat e Nawab

Ba adur is ve r rarel t o be me t w t i n our da s h y y i h y .

T H E LA E DE N A B AN DH U M I T R T A. [ 9 1 ]

DENOBANDHU MITTER.

Den oban dhu Mit t er was on e of t h e literary triumvirate t d hat a orn ed and en riched th e lit erat ure of Bengal i n it s n ascen t sta e g . Den obandh u Mitter was born i n 1 829 i n th e v illag e of Chaubaria which was formerly i n th e Naddea District bu t i s n ow ncluded in essore . He b elon ed t o a res ectable fam l bu t i J g p i y , h is fat er was rat er a oor man D en oban dh u rece ved h is h h p . i

first educat on i n the illa e P h ala Af r th e com le on i v g at s . te p t i of th e e ducation there h e was appoin t ed a mohwri r in t h e local

Zem ndar oth e n la of R s 8 a on H w rk d e o a sa r m t . e o i y y . h e for a few da s b ut his ass on for k n owled e made him res n th e y , p i g ig appoin tmen t and he came t o Calcu t ta under th e shelt er of hi s

n Den oban dhu was ab out fi ft een ears of a e w en cousi . y g h h e

en ced E n a H e a r dm comm glish educ tion . was t fi st a it t ed as a

r e st ude n t in a sc ool start ed b th e R ame o f e ev . J s L n wh o h y g ,

’ d t o look on him w t lo e and k n n ess F rom se u d . r Lon s u p i h v i M . g school Den oban dhu wen t t o an ot her school of w hich th e

f Rs a mon t H oo 2 . e u sed o ra sch ling ee was . h t ise t h e amoun t

r F rom ere h e assed th e an er by subsc iption. h p J i scholarshi p

o n e h H doo olle T re h e u Ex amin at ion andj i d t e in C g e . he c jeyed

s olars an d rosecut ed furt er st ud es a Sen ior ch hip p h i .

le at the Hin doo Colle e h e t r ed his a ren t ce an Whi g , i pp i h d i n th e columns of th e then w ell k n own papers P robhakar an d

Sadhuran an under the fost er n care of I s war C an dra G u t a j i g h p ,

who was t en r arded as a mon arc i n t h e realm of erse h eg h v . I n 1 85 5 Denobandhu ent ered t h e service of t h e g ov ern men t i n

He soon d st n u s ed m e th e Postal Departmen t . i i g i h hi s lf an d

emin n I n the Lus a E x ed t on of 1 87 1 h e rose to e ce . h i p i i was

d t m ostal arran emen t for th e fi eld. force en t ru st e wi h aking p g . He shewe tl considerable p ower of organ isat ion an d i n recog n i t ion of his brilliant serv ice th e g overn ment of Lord Mayo con ferred upon him th e t itle of Rai Bahadur as a person al

n on B ut th e most m ort an t t in in conn ect on w t disti cti . i p h g i i h his 0 111 cial career is the vast experien ce h e gained of B engal an d 1 9 2 1

f reat o o ial d s . T s was o its p eo ple in t he purs uit f his ffi c ut ie hi g

uc t n s us e i n h i s lit e mry pro d io .

' s a fo re mo s t w ork is N il Dar a n w ch iss ued I l is fi r t nd p , hi

s Dacca i n 1 8 60 De n oban dhu had fro m a prin tin g pre s at .

-dbd mu c i n t e se d s t r ct s w e re nd o was man ufact ure d t rav h h i i , h i ig

h e o ress on of an d h e w as ae q n a in t e d in all i ts de tails w ith t pp i B rt ue of his t s b t h e lan t e rs o f t at t me . the ra va y p h i y vi

nat u r al s y m at h t h e 1 1 1 is e r o f t h e o resse d r ot a ealed t o p y , y pp y pp f hi s h is h e art an d h e w as co n s t rai n e d to po ur out t he fe elin gs o

‘ e o h is e n I n N - Da r a n or t h e I nd o Plan t n h art t h r ug h p . i l p ig i g

’ e e o drama M rror t h e a u t h o r ld t h e 11 1 i rr r u t o n at ur . The i . h p

m e s e o e I t was translated pro duc l an le ct ric n s at i n i n B n gal.

s e b t h e R v J ames Lo n i n 1 861 . i nt o En g lis h an d pu bli h d y e . g This i t ‘t i t o t h e t rial i n t h e s upre me court in which

' Lo n w as s e n t e nc e d t o o n e mo n t h s m r s on men t an d s fin e Mr. g i p i

o s A art fro m t h e h h o l t cal s i n ifican ce of the f R . p ig p i i g

e e drama it s g re a t. li t r ary e xc lle n ce fo r e ve r e s t ablished t he t e

o n o f e au t ho r as a mas e r- tl r n i a is t p utat i t h t a t .

Th s re u tat io n was ma n t a n ed b his ot er work s N o i n i p i i y h , b ' Tu as w i L abrz t i Sa {halmr Ekw l as i an d J ama a h i n il i B rt . p , ,

Hi s last drama K ct mala K a mi n i i s th e fru t of h is ex er en ce , y , i p i i e L u s l x d t o n W e n i t w as ubl s n t h n e E pe i i . h p i hed h e was i n

is de at h - b e t d e d of Diab e t e s an d ar h l . H e i C b un cle on t he l at

o v e mb e r 1 8 7 3 N . ,

N o de scr t on o f D e n obandh u M t te r owe v er r ip i i , h sho t , could b e co mple t e wi th out a re fe re n ce t o his pow er o f con versa

u n k m n ra a r a t ion . B i Cha d s aid t h t his e l powe r of humou r

a eared e ven mo re i n h is con v ersat on t an i n his w orks pp i h .

H e w as n de ed a mo de l of s m l c t an d meek n ess i i p i i y . He at t ack e d v ice an d fo lly wi th a g e n ialit y which made e ven

ose wh o w e re t he ob e ct s of hi s r d cu le love and res ect him t h j i i p .

Th us h e was a rec ous e m n ot on l in t he world of le t ers p i g , y t ,

ls i me n but a o n t he world of g ood .

[ 95 ]

RAMKRI SHNA PARAMHANSA.

I n t hese days of st urdy materialism people were ag reeably s urprised t o fi nd a supre mely spirit ual man who came even t o be regarded as an in spired prophe t by a con siderable section of th e

m n We are s eak n of the lat e Ram K ri s n a Param co mu ity . p i g h

an sa ou h h e del berat e l c ose a ret re d an d con te m la h . Th g i y h i p

t e l fe on e of his d sc les th e .late Swam ve an an da fa iv i , i ip , i Vi k , voured with on ly a particle of his piety creat ed a religious

re ol ut on i n c r Ramk ri shna w a v i ivili sed Ame ica. as born t

K amar ore i n t he oo l Hi s fat er K h d d st r ct ef H . u iram p i i g y h ,

Chatter ee was a ous man wh o subs st ed b work n as a —j , pi , —i y i g priest t he profession of his class an d t rave lled on foot

« t rou most of th e m ortan t laces of l r ma e i n n a h gh i p p pi g i g I di .

H e los t hi s ‘fat he r at a er earl a e an d had t o de en d v y y g , p

on his brot er Ramk umar wh o w t his fam l came down to h , , i h i y

C alcutta whe re th e rofess on of a r e st was or ve , p i p i m e lucrat i

’ a in his nat e lla e I n s t of his brot er s effort h ow t n . e s h iv vi g pi h ,

e er Ram K ri s n a cou ld n ot b e n duced t o read or wr t e for h e v , h i i , h ad no att raction for that learn in g which can brin g petty w orldly

a n s on l Abo me at o lad Rani Rashmani . ut t s t t us g i y hi i h pi y,

of aun baz ar C alcut ta n ten de d t o est abl sh a ma ni fi cen t t em J , , i i g pl e dedicat ed t o th e G oddess K ali at Dak shi n eswar on t he

H o l h l o e n a e a en u n e an d learn ed B ra o g y. S e was wi lin g t g g g i h

min t o otficiat e as r e st i n tha t t em le an d wi t muc d th p i p , h h i

a R a culty persuaded Ramk u mar t o acce pt th e sit u t ion . mk ri shn a re monst rat ed wit h hi s brother for accept in g th e othee of a pries t

in a t em le foun de db a Sudra wh c h e eld w as de ro at or t o p y , i h h g y

the d n t of hi s fam l bu t was con v n ced b hi s brot er t at ig i y i y, i y h h

ere as n ot n r n i n at F rom t at t me h e fre u e n t th w hi g w o g t h . h i q

cd the t emle an d i n t h e ab sen ce of h is brot e r erformed p , h p ’ the ors at th e re u est of t h e R an s son - i n - law for t ou w hip q i , h g h

an ll t erat e man h e was famous for his dee e t . Some times i i , p pi y

i n t e act of w ors h e fell down un con sc ous de e l e n a ed i n h hip i , p y g g

d for ours t o e t er Hi m t at on i n w c st ateh e re ma n e . s edi i , hi h i h g h

ame more an d more rel ous m na ure bec as t e wen t on an . t igi i , d [ 96 ]

h e at te mpt ed to reach the Su pre me Be i ng by yoga or deep me

d tat on At t s t me h e fe ll un de r t he i nfluen ce of a t rue as i i . hi i ce t ic n amed Tatap u ri an d was i n it iat ed in to t h e principles

o n ce h e fe ll d medi tat on that h e f Ve t lan tis m. O in to such eep i re main e d uncon scio us of t h e e x te rn al world for a period of 6

mon t s H e wo uld cert a n l a e e x red i n a da or t wo b ut h . i y h v pi y ,

for the se r ce of an ot er de vote e who used to beat him wi th vi h ,

a eav r at tan an d our m lk n t o his mon t w en h e re ai n h y p i i h , h g

le con sc ou sn ss H e t r ed t o reach God b man s s cd a lit t i e . i y y y

t e ms of re l ous c ult ure —n ot on l t h e e dan t c b ut also t h e igi y V i ,

o medan C h r s t an an d e v en h e Budd st s s em h en Mah t t . T , i i hi y “ ac ed t h e doc t r n e — v e r r l i s t e er o l h e re . E e on ru t e is n p h i y igi , h y ” oal for all re l ou s s s t e ms on e g ig i y .

Lat t e rl h e w as so u h t fo r b man emi n en t men K esh y g y y . ab

C an dra Se n t h e re at re l ious re for me r had so much res e t h , g ig , p c for t his B rahmin that h e w rot e of him: I am most fortu

n at e i n com n acro ss a man e ual t o C r s t or C a tan a i g q h i h i y , ” a s on l are k n ow n t o ab u P w h ose n me y as . B ratap Chan dra Ma

a mdar at fi rs t s l t ed him as an ll t erat e do ater but wa j igh i i i l , s

t ran s formed b h is ma cal i n flu en ce n t o a z ealous admi rer y g i i , as

“ s ow n i n h is w ork on Ramk rish n a h . H e h ad n o quarre l w it h t h e fo llo wers of other religions an d

e mb raced e ve r man w h at e v e r hi s race or creed W t o en y , , i h p

H e t us t au t t h e doct r n e th e of e ual t of m han ds . h gh i q i y en i s

act ual prac tice . R am K ris h n a has t h us b roug h t abou t a re v i val of Vedant

i sm w h c w as do rman t s n ce t h e da s of t he H n du sa e , i h i y i g ,

H is follo w — San k aracharya. ers coun t by h un dre ds all of them are en er e t c ous an cl learn ed an d are i n t he fore most ra g i , pi . , nks in

n e vole n t w ork s i n the cou n t r all b e y . Their chie f ce n t re i s Be

at h on h e Hoo l T v a l u r M t g y . hey ha e lready establis hed a s o un d foot n i n Ame r ca an d ave c on verted man Amer i g i , h y ican

a v e n lad e s g e n tl e men n d e i .

l 99

DWARKANATH MITTER.

d The life of this emin en t Bengali lawyer affords a g oo exam le of the fact t at en us in whate er s t uat on laced p h g i , v i i p ,

a ra el orn in 1 833 in an obscure lla e will n ot f il to ise its f. B vi g in the d str ct of Hoo l he rece ved th e best educat on a a l i i gh y, i i v i able at the Hoo l Colle e an d w on G overn me n t sc olars s gh y g , h hip

N o t on l did h e ma n ta n his os t on in every examination . y i i p i i as th e ead of th e s tudents of his colle e bu t he also st ro e h g , v to acqu ire a kn owledg e of En glish and Mathematics g reatly in ad an ce of th e class i n w c he rema ned for the t me be n v hi h i i i g ,

i i n r at e d Hi s master which stood h m g e st a in aft er life . y over t hat lang uag e was so g reat t hat compe ten t En glish j udg es

d o be s er or o at of mos t En l men p ron ounce it t up i t t h g ish .

lat er l fe w en h e became a Comt st h e learn t F rench I n i , h i ,

’ r e able t o read n he or nal i n orde to b Comte s writings i t igi . ’ He translat ed Comte s Anal t cal Geometr in to En li s w c y i y g h, hi h i s a proof of his knowledge of Mathematics and of both the

ua es. I t rece ed d e r la lang g iv u p ai se at t hat time in En g nd. Aft er studyin g at the Presidency College he passed the n ecessar le al tests an d o n ed th e bar of the Sudder Dewann y g , j i y

alawt ere l rs Ad . Th h e attract ed th e n otice of th e two eade of the bar Roma rosad Ro and Sumbhoonath Pan di t an d , p y , was muc at ron sed b t e The former was th e fi rst h p i y h m.

Ben al ud e des nat e of th e H Court bu t h e did n ot g i j g ig igh , l ve t o tak e a seat on t h b he latter was a ud e of i e ench . T j g t he Hi Court from 1 8 3 t o 1 As un or to R oma rasa gh 6 868 . j i p d he ar ued his fi rst m ortan t case in th e absen ce of his leader g i p , an d succeeded. T en h e became famous for hi s l earnin h g , ab l t an d e lo uen ce an d was s m at e t call men t on ed i i y q , y p h i y i b the ud e y j g s . Hi s profess ion al hon esty an d ki ndn ess to

oor cl en ts were ro r al p i p ve bi .

I n t he g reat ren t - case (common ly kn own as Thak uran i ’ Dassee s case) un der Act 1 85 9 h e appeared be fore the F ull

Benc com ose d of all the ud es on be alf of the tenan t s h p j g , h an d ar ued th e case. Hi s s eec on t at occas on w ch g p h h i , hi 4 S R CA R T 1 1 1: L AT E NI O I I E N l mAL AL I .

o f his ne w Calcut t a J o urn a l o f Me dicine fo r th e pr pagat ion o faith . o nal h e be an t o o m 1 8 69 i n t h e co lu mn s of his ur , F r , j g

- - o l s e n ce ns t t ut on i n a l vo ca te t h e e s tab li s h nn n t o f a n at i na ci i i i

‘ - ve me n t B e n al F 1 1 1 s e ve ral y e ars h e b e an t o us lb rwartl th e mo g . g p h

e c at e ro s e c t o f s ucce s s w e n i n 1 8 7 6 h e fou n d w i th n o i n n n li p p , h

e e t ie s o rt e r i n Sir li ie h zml Te m le th e t e n a n e n rg u pp p , h

b Si r R c ar d Te m le Li e u t e n a n t. Aide d y i h p

b e o mlian e n t le me n w h o n ow b e an t o look a ml a n u m r f l g , g

m b Sire ar w a ab le t o establ sh o n t he mi e e t th y i ra ly D r. s 1 j , i ' c e e o Thdll h t h e fo r t h e Advan m n t f Sci e n ce . g a b us y rae t i t i o n e r he b e s t o wml u n re m t t n care an d p , i i g

‘ i n dus t r y o n t h e As s n ia t io n fo r mo re t h an a q u art e r o f a cen t ury an d t h e l l l o t le l ‘al e a mo u n t o f s n e i' e ss Wh i c t h e Associ at on h as o h i

' ' e a ( e t o s e tto r ac h ie y l i s mai n l y l u h i t s .

ma n y a o n e e r o f s c ie n t ifi c e ducat on h e did i l pi i , mu ch u s e fu l w o rk fo r h is C o u n t ry as a pro min e n t cit iz en an d

- e t 1 1 1 1 1 I n 1 8 7 0 h e w as made a F e llow f t h e alcut t a l arn e l 1 . o C

’ v rs an d fo r l () e ars l t ' l l l tl ll l t ' t l a e Un i e i t y y me mb e r of t he Syn dicat .

H e was fo r fo u r e ars Pre s de n t o f t h e a l rt He was y i F cu ty of A s . o n e of th e mo s t p ro mi n e n t me mbe rs o f t h e As iatic Socie ty

o f B e n g al an d re p re s en t e d i t o n t h e Bo ard of Trust ees of t h e

e u s u m n 8 9 e. I n dian M . I 1 8 h re ce i vml t h e Hon orary deg ree Of

Do ct or o f L aw s fro m t h e alcu t ta n rs t C U i ve i y .

I n 1 8 8 3 h e “ as made a b y t h e G o vern men t a nd fou r

e ars lat e r was a o nt e d Sh e riff o f alc u tta He a y , pp i C . w s also a

me mb e r of t h e Be n a l Le is lat v e C o un c l fro m 1 88 7 t o 1 893 g g i i ,

w h ere as w e ll as i n t h e Calcu t t a Cor orat o n h e was con s i cu , p i , p

o us for h i s e lo u e n ce ood s e n se an d mo de rat on q , g i .

I t w ou ld b e diffi cu lt t o fi n d such an all - roun d cult ured

h ou h e mi n e n t i n th e doma man . T n of med c n e t ere was g i i i , h

n ot n of th e narrow s e c al s t i n h im F or t readt hi g p i i . h

of cu lt u re an d amplit u de . of v is ion h e shou ld b e accorded a high place amon g th e man y gifted men whom B engal la n t ur produced du rin g th e st ce y.

C H A E R T m; L AT E BA N K I M TT J I .

[ 1 0 8 ]

' ' ' ' his best n o els s lzabn kslza K rt s/ ma- K ant er m v , , E rg a and

C/zandraseklm' a eared in its co umn s H pp l . e gained an immen se

o u ar t even amon those educated m n wh i d n d r p p l i y, g e o d s ai e to ead

Ben a T h e B n adar an i o g li . a g s s up t this day quite unsurpasse d as a Bengali magaz i ne an d can co mpe te favourably with the best period W icals of th e est . I t is st a storeh o use of know ed e an d is ill l g , vast reso rted to b all st ud n ts o f Ben ly y e gali .

After conducti ng th e pape r fo ur years h e was compe lled to gi ve

o rs w n r s r w But his d up th e e di t hip o i g to the p es u e o f o fli cial ork . e

i ra ur t n u u n d m m D evi vot on to te t e con e d n shed. R a asfii nl li i i i i j ,

' ’ mram A n ami a Al a”: an Sztara m w m hi n v clzowd/ d ere a on s best o els . , g But religio us an d philoso phi cal s t udi e s we re his chie f occupation i n

‘ ate r ears an d the resu ts o f th e fo rmer are e mbod e d i n D lzarma l y , l i

’ r / ri t I ta tt wa an d K i s mar/ m m . n th ese h e has popularised th e

h oso h c as e ct o f H n du s m an d its b ar n on oc H was p il p i p i i e i g s iety. e br n n o ut a n e w e d t o n o f th e G eeta w th his n otes th ereon i gi g i i , i , wh n th h an d o f death cam u o n h im H n th 8 e e e p . e died o e th 8 A r 1 . p il , 94

As h armon s n th e E ast an d th e We st an d as co mb n n th e i i g , i i g best San sk r t an d E n sh cu t ure b o th of wh ch h e was erfectl i gli l , i p y con ve rsan t w th Ban k m o ccu e d a s n u ar os t on amo n h i i , i pi i g l p i i g s

r m n ov r wh om h e h ad an n r v d in fl n H is coun t e e u a e ue ce . e t ru y , i ll ly

h r s n t n r a o th e make r o f t e p e e ge e ati o n . H e was t ruly an p stle of cu tu re n o t ke M ath e w Arn o d b dest ruct ve cr t c sm b ut b th e l , li l , y i i i i , y

f fu at trac t v creation o b eauti l i e ideals .

W th u n r va ed o wers o f th n k n an d e x os t on an d a erfect i i ll p i i g p i i , p

master o f a uc d race fu an d fasc n at n st e n e ve r s n k n to y l i , g l i i g yl , i i g v u ar t b ut fre ue n t r s n t o e o u en ce h e makes h is in fluen ce lg i y, q ly i i g l q ,

r r ade r an d n s re s h im w th ov o f r h fe t b eve e a e t ut . l y y , i pi i l

Ban kim to - day is k n o wn all o ve r I n dia as th e autho r of our N a

' n aa Al ataram A r f I n hi m n tio n al An th e m B a . t ue son o d a s a at on , i , i gi i

fi rst con ce ve d th e dea o f an n ted N ew I nd a o f what Dr i i U i i , . R aj en dra Lall called th e coalescen ce an d comi ng tog eth er of th e scattered un ts o f th e H n du race on be fo re our resen t d i i , l g p ay f i politician s dreamed o t .

T H E L T E K E SI I UB C H N DR SE N A A A .

After h is ret urn to I ndia his en ergies were not consumed in th e advan cemen t of his cr d ut flow ee , b ed to other useful channels. H e

' made th e I ndi an M rror wh ch had been started as a fortn i h tl i g y, a da a r I n ad ily p pe . di tion to the daily M i rror and the Sun day

J l i rror h e s tarted a ce n ews a er w th marv o H pi p p i ell us success . e

a so e s tab sh e d a tra n n sch oo fo r ad es and an I ndust rial sch ool l li i i g l l i ,

fo r o un m H y g en . e gave a g reat impetus to the T emperan ce

mo v m e en t . But as ears wen t on K eshab became more an d more y ,

o f a m st c an d a a n th e re was a s i h am t n t c . y i , g i pli e p

K e shab n h e r te d fro m h is fam st ron a sh nava n sti n c i i ily g V i i ts,

wh w w H h n a a ic h g re in him as ye ars e n t on . e was all along a Vais v in h is di e t b ut n o w h e be came so me thi ng o f a Vaish nava in his

I 1 8 h v h is — ol d d d sc es n viz . F cre ed. n 6 e d e to c asses 7 i i i ipl i 4 l ,

‘ ’ owe rs o t o a M akti mm an d s/zdfa Yo a be n un on w th G od l y g , ,j g i g i i by

' med tat on B l mktx u n on b n te n se o ve mma un on dee i i , i y i l j , i by p

o r - Th ma orit kn ow ed e an d S/ze/uz un n b se v n fe ow men . e l g , i y i g ll j y o f h is foll o we rs be came dissatis fie d wi th his ten ets ; an d wh en h e

rr h is dau ht r to th e M ah ara a o f K uch Behar accordi n ma i e d g e j , g

to Se m - orth odo x r tes th e o en re be ed and foun ded th e i i , y p ly ll ,

in 1 8 8 Sadh aran B rah mo Samaj 7 .

I n 1 88 1 K esh ab roc a me d his N ew D s en sat on combin in p l i i p i , g

f m n h r t n t B u h e le men ts o H i n du i s a d C i s ia i y . t e could n ot live long

w d curre n c t o his n w fa th H a s awa o e n o ugh to gi ve a i e y e i . e p s ed y n

t h 8 th an uar 1 88 . e J y, 4

K e sh ab was a b orn o rato r an d h e was e q ually successful in usin g

th th e E n l sh an d th e B e n al to n ues in h is s eech s b o g i g i g p e . H e

co uld h o ld h is au di e n ce spe ll - bo un d by h is magn ificen t oratorical po wers an d even th ose wh o differe d fro m his views flocked to list en

Wh at made h is s eech es s ec a effect ve was th e s n to h im. p p i lly i i cerity o f h is ch aracter an d th e depth o f h is pi ety an d th e moderate h amo un t o f succe ss wh i ch h e h ad ac ieved in con verting people t o h is n ew c re ed was sole ly du e to his eloquen ce an d person al in

fluen ce .

[ 1 1 6 ]

me rc ess e x osed the weak feat ures of th m H was a il ly p e easure . e strong advocate of the admission of I ndians to a greater share in in th e adm n s trat on o f th e r coun tr an d th mod rat on of i i i i y, e very e i o f h is v e ws e n sur d th r su c H i e ei c ess . e steadily opposed the Ve ma cular Press Act and th e u t mate re ea o f this Act rd R i n , l i p l by Lo po w s ar e is w a l g ly due to h e ffo rts . H e as a pro minen t member of th e

Br t sh I n d an Asso c at o n hav n be e n its Ass stan cr tar f r i i i i i , i g i t Se e y o

2 1 e ars an d it s Se c re tar fro m 1 8 8 H w . e as a cham o n o f y , y 7 pi scie n tific e ducat on an d u r e d its c a ms in th e P atri ot on s v r l i , g l i e e a

o n s o ccasi .

H is h o n e s ty an d fai r play all ro u n d we re recog nised by t h e

G o ve rn me n t wh e n in 1 86 h e was made ust ce of th P f , 3, J i e eace or

c a R i Bah dur in 1 8 an i 1 8 Ca utt a a a d a I . E n 8 As a l , 7 7 , 7 .

M un i ci pal C o mmi ssi o n e r h e did muc h g o od service to th e rate

a e rs an d o o s e d s e ve ra ro v s o n s o f th e Ca cutta M un c a p y , pp l p i i l i ip l

o f 1 8 6 wh c h re st r c te d th e o we r f mm n Act s o e ected o ss o e rs . 7 , i i p l C i i

H e to o k hi s seat in th e B e n g al L egi slati ve C ouncil in 1 8 7 2 an d

h h e o ose d th e G o ve rn me n t s e ve ra t me s ever L euten a t th o ug pp l i , y i n

a n I G o ve rn o r bo re high te stimo n y to h is c pac i ti es an d eloque ce . n

1 883 h e e n te re d th e Sup re me Leg i slati ve C oun cil as an addit ional me mb e r an d ably re p re se n t e d th e lan dlo rds in th e Co un cil wh en th e

w ro u Bu t h i n B en gal T en an c y Ac t as i n t d ce d. e d d ot li ve to see

in i s d H e d e d u 1 88 . t as f n a a se . th e ac lly p i J ly, 4

As a p ubli c man it was h is si n ce re good fortun e to ach iev e

o u ar t w th o ut os n th e re s e c t o f th e owers th at b e an d thi s p p l i y i l i g p p ,

k r w r r due to his moderat o n . As a s ea e h e as a e is larg e ly i p , ly

sse d h is de ver was c ear h is an ua e ch aste an d h is act on su rpa li y l , l g g i

“ f l Si r R chard T e m e sa d of h im I foun d him n ext t ac u . g r e i pl i , , , o

M hab R ao th e be st n formed an d the most nte en Sir ad , i i llig t

I n dian .

Ban r n D ri h e ee a d r. Rashbeha G ose were s r l j , t uck at the vast lega

learn n of t heir oun ro fesso r the n below 2 r f i g y g p , 5 yea s o age .

By h is abilitie s and diligence h e soon rose to the top of his pro

fess ion an d was ra s to th Be nch in 8 His in t llectual ed e 1 8 . e , i 5 g reatn e ss was amply shown when h e was in the bar hen ceforth h e

s o w h s m n n o n th m Hi h e d th at e was n o l e s e i e t e oral side . s stron g

nde en den ce u h o d n the d n t o f th e Bench his as s on a i p p l i g ig i y , p i te

o ve o f ust ce an d his un fa n co u rtes towards the members o f l j i , ili g y

th e bar e ve n th e un o r o n e s e n deared h im to all sect on s of t h , j i , i e

’ o l s n n ss o l n t ct v c mmun t y . ke e e e e ast and var ed earn i n i l i i ll , i l g , an d s t ro n g c o mmo n sen s e mark him o ut as on e of the ablest j udg e s

wh o h ave sat o n th e H h ( fo u rt Ben ch n ig , a d he has succe ss

fu ma n ta n e d th e re utat o n o f the ak - ud es so abl lly i i p i V il j g , y

u h e d b h is r a r de ce s so r M r e t e . us c Dwarka p l y g p , J ti e N ath

M t r T h e L be ra m n st r h as n au r i a. i l i i y i g u ated its access ion to

owe r b mak n h im t h e o ffi c iatin Ch e f ust ce in th e ab s n c p y i g g i J i e e,

o n e ave o f th e e rman e n t n c u mb e n t Sir F ran c s W iam Mac ean l , p i , i ill l .

M r. G h ose wo u d a read h ave re t re d b ut fo r th e n tercess on of l l y i , i i

the V ce ro wh o has re ue st e d h im to o st one his r r m n i y, q p p eti e e t

fo r f w h mo r a e mo n t s e .

M r h o s i i h is ow o . G e s n n m d st wa a f r H e soc a re orme . e is , y, i l a

erman en t Pres den t o f th e K a asth a Sabha wh ose ob ect is to ma p i y , j k e

away wi th c e rtai n an o mali es amo n g th e di ffe ren t Sub- division s of

B n a K a th e e g li yasth as .

H e is ve r much h on oure d b th e G overn men t and the distin c y y ,

K n h t o w f rr o n m t r H ti o n o f ig h od as co n e e d up hi abou a yea ago . e

h in is f f H is e de st so n is Bab u o n dr is ve ry appy h amily li e . l J ge a

h M . A h r n o wn k f h H h r h an dra C o se . n. l t e e e d Va o t e Cou t C il ig , me mbe r o f th e Be ngal Legi slati ve Co u n cil an d th e foun der of th e Associati o n fo r th e Advan ce men t o f Scien tific an d I n dustrial Edu — cati on ah associ ati on in whi ch h is ve n erable fath er takes a dee p

r i n te e st .

H e is much oved b his coun tr me n for his affab e man n ers l y y l ,

n d h eart an d n o b e character wh e h e is much res ected as th e ki l , il p last represen tati ve of the mighty age of g reat men wh o have passed

wa a y .

T H E LA E H E M C H A N D R A BAN ER T JI .

[ m l

H sally accorded to him in Bengal . e m Chandra was pat rio tic to

the core of his h eart and so me o f his poe ms breathe the true

s of is moth r o n His r i k spirit o f a de vote d on h e c u try. poet y s mar ed

by a vigour which is not found in o th e r poets of Bengal an d sus

o u h o ut a o ft ma nat on B stran tained th r g by l y i gi i . y a ge irony of

fate th e votaries of th e M uses have t o purch ase th eir favou r at a

ve ry dear pri ce an d such a price our Hem Chandra had also to pay

at r on in his fe he ost h is e e s wh ch com e ed him to u l e li l y , i p ll give p

o H h is practice in th e High C u rt . e had n ot been able to save an y

thi ng in h is be tte r days the co n seq ue nce was that h e fell on evil

o h o fa b ack u o n H ha to i r days as h e h ad n t i ng t ll p . e d depend ent ely

o f t rar a ro n T n o n th e mun ifice n ce li e y p t s . he G over men t rec og

is d his ta e n t s and tr ed to re e ve his d stress b bestow n n n e l , i li i y i g o

ifi an t rar e n s o n o f R 2 si n c t e s. er m n D h im an in g li y p i 5 p o th . is

d s He m Ch an dra was h e was st una tered in his aff cti tresse a , ill l e on

s T h o ms of h is dark da s are fu l of h M use . e e at for th e p y l p os .

W o m b n u te sh ut out at on e e n trance the n ward ht isd ei g q i , i lig sh on e

w th reater b r ance un t all was dark in 1 8 wh en the o i g illi il 94, p et

left thi s wo rld of care s fo r a bette r on e .

’ Z M DAR T H E LAT E PR ATA I C H AN DR A MO OO .

[ 1 2 8 ]

’ fasc nat on f a row n b aut fu ra i i o g i g e i l cha cte r. Maz umdars fri en d ship wi th K esh ub may be reckoned as one of the most remarkab le

H w h t r . M recorded in s o e as sa s Mr. az umdar an o h r i y , y , t e

s f to me a h h er h o er d v n e se f. H e rew n to me an d I el , ig , li , i i l g i

re w I n to him in a re at on sh wh ch out ved th g , l i ip i li e separation o f

death i tself.

’ ’ l rata s was th e e ve n t ess fe o f a re ous devot wr p l li ligi ee, iter an d

k r o n n th e B rah mo Sama f an d spea e . j i i g j o Maharsh i Deven dra n ath T a o re in 1 8 se ce d n fro m it i n 1 86 and h e n K g 59 , i g 5 lpi g esh ub o

‘ ’ Chan dra Sen in fo u n d n th e B rah mo Sama of I n d a i g j i ,

' d t n th e I n di a n l r ror wh ch was o r n a a Brahmo ourn al e i i g , i igi lly j ,

w r t n fo r th e o th e r o r an s o f th e B rah mo Sama re ach n fro m an d i i g g j , p i g

th e B rah mo Samaj p ul pi t an d lec tu ri n g o n s ubj e cts c hicfly religio us

an d so c a th re e v s ts to th e we st n c ud n Amer ca an d i l , i i , i l i g i

wri ti n g a n umb e r o f beau tiful b ook s sum up th e prin cipal occur

r n ce s o f h is u e t c o n te m at v n v f e e a d de ou t e . H e was one of q i , pl i li

o ur ab est an d mo s t c l s ue n t s eak ers an d his in fluen ce was fe t b l q p , l y

vast au d en ce s i n th s c o u n tr in E n lan d an d i n th e n ted States i i y, g U i

’ r M az u mdar s c h e f wo rks ar h is Li e and Tear}: M . e o f Ame ri ca. i f

' ’ z n s o C1 c ”(I m Sm F ai t/z a n d P ro ress o Me B rafimo g f , g f

' ' ’ ’ — Sama t/ze Orz rn fa/ C/zrz sf f l eart l i mfs Tlze S i rit o God and j, , , p f

Tou r R ou n d l lze H is ast bo o k A ris/z is in B e n a an d l , g li

i s val uable as a s e ri e s o f au to bi og raph i cal ske tch es an d records of

r n c H d d i n 1 0 n a ch d ess h is s r t ua e x e e es . e e eav pi i l p i i 9 5 , l i g il l

' w do w fo r wh o m h e fe t th ro u h o ut fe th e ten derest affect on s i , l , g li , i

an d th e de epe st re spect .

‘ T H E LA E R o m- s u C H AN DR A M I T RA T .

[ 1 33 ]

Con ress men as a most w se counsellor an d earn s work r H g i e t e . e acted as th e President of the Recept ion Committee in on e of th e

Ca cutta se ss ons of the on r s He was als I/ic - Pr i l i C g e s. o e es den t of th e I nd an Assoc at on fo r th e C u t vat on of Sc en i i i l i i i ce .

‘‘ fl ir Ro m sh han r was a r form r i w w e c d a e e in h s o n ay. H e sen t his so n and so n - in - law to E nglan d fo r education against the th reats and an r ro tes ts o f his re at ve s and castemen and re fused to r g y p l i , p e fo rm an e x piati o n ce re mo n y wh e n this was urged on the youn g

' me n s re t urn ho me de c ar n that as the had don e noth in , l i g y g

wro n b h e r so o urn in En an d th e we re in no need of ex iati on . g y t i j gl , y p

r kin h I t is c o u rag e an d s t raig ht fi trwardn e ss like this that is b ea g t e

li r l po i s o n e d fan g s o f bigo t ry an d pe rs e c ut i o n and widening an d be a is

An o th e r e xce e n ce that ado rned the character ing l l iml u s o c i e ty . ll

- o f Sir R o me slu h aml ra an d e n deare d him so much to all wh o kn ew

h im was h is e nt re ab se n ce o f r de . Thou h aced so h h an d , i p i g pl ig ,

r v d to do so much h e was a wa s mode st an d res ectful p i ileg e , l y p

w th h im H is char t es were v r to all wh o came in c o n tact i . i i e y

° e a nd man a h e e ss w dow man a nee d st udent and man wid , y lpl i , y y y

b n d ame o r o th e rw se d sab e d eo e de ended u on his alms . a li , l i i l p pl p p

v l a e \ 1 sh n u u r n e ar “um ”um h e founded a F o r his nati ve i l g , p ,

’ s e n sar ah h sch o o for b o s and a rls sch ool an d ch ari table di p y, ig l y , gi

i wn x n se H e d ed in 1 8 . mai n tai n e d th e m at h s o e pe . i 99

T u e LA E K L L RAS N N S H T A Y P A A I N G A .

[ 1 36 ] debts to the last peny and sold his property to liquidat e

f r h i h ha h m ff t th full he debts . Be o e e d ed e d a d t e o o e alth ou h t p i , g in the er attem t he had ru ned himself A man of his t is v y p i . ype

r of h r K al rare in this wo ld ypoc ites . i Prosonna died at th e

- i r a e of twen t n n e n 1 8 0 . ea ly g y i , 9

trodden and a first - rate a er in the metro oli , p p p s. I t is difficult at th e

' presen t day to realise the nat ure of the service the Pah ka an d its

Ed tor render d in tho W ~ i e se days . e must th erefore gratefully re member th e man wh o along with a few oth ers laid the foundati on

tone of o u ar ourna s m in h co n r s p p l j li t is u t y .

Sir R chard Tem e th e th en L eutenant - Govemor of B n al i pl , i e g ; had a very h igh o pi n i on of Babu Si si r K umar and frequen tly i nvite d

r K m r him to Bel vede re . Sisi u a lost n one of his in dependen ce b y th s o fli cial atro n a e but rath e r u t sed it for ur ose of u li i p g , ili p p p b c

T o th fr n dsh e tw n Sir R r good. e i e i p b ee icha d an d Sisir K u mar we owe in so me measure th e n t ro duct on of oca se f- o , , i i l l l g vern

in n ment Be gal .

’ ' Th e achi e ve men ts o f th e I afrt ka o r of Babu Sisir K umar

its Ed to r ar too n u mero us Th I n d an L a u as e . e e e wh ch i i , i g , i , n its ear da s did so much to create a ub c o n on in th e i n terior ly y , p li pi i , was due a most to th e s n e - han ded e ffo rts o f Babu S s r K um l i gl i i ar.

Oh th e 1 th of March 1 8 th e V e rn ac u ar Press B was n tr 4 , 74 l ill i o

m v n I wa u n r duce d i nto th e Su pre e Legi slati e Cou cil . t s de stoo d that th b o w was a med ma n at th e P atrika wh ch was then ub e l i i ly , i p

’ n E n h r K m r lish ed in bo th Be ngali a d gli s . Si si u a s decision

Th P atri ka fro m its n e xt ssu becam ur n stan tan e o us . e e e e was i , i , p ly

r I n 1 8 1 th e a er became da . an E ngli sh pape . 9 p p ily

’ Th e P atrzk a is still re n deri n g immen se servi ce to th e cause of

’ th e co un try u n de r th e able edi to rshi p o f Babu Sisi r K umar s worthy

Matil l h o h n u sh d b ro th er Bab u a G s . an d di sti g i e ,

r K mar i s n ow ead n a sort of sec uded ife b t Babu Si si u l i g l l , u his

' ' ' con tact with th e world th ro ugh th e P atn ka an d his s n tual M agu

’ ' z zn e th e atest ofls rin of his en us st cont nues . , l p g g i , ill i

[ 1 44 ] conducted by I ndian s and it con tin ued long to be th e on ly s uch

r I n 1 8 B b N ar n ranath m i r pape . 79 a u e d beca e ts sole p opri etor an d i v r s b wn hi H t has e e ince e en o ed and edited by m. e has con duct

fi s h m f Hi r cd and managed it at great sacri ce to i sel . s eward has be e n an i n calc ulable amoun t o f good to th e coun try and the un i

' ve rsal h on o u r in whi ch h e is h e ld th rough out th e coun try by me n of

r I ma b f all an ks an d co mmun i ti e s . t y e sa ely asserted that th ere is n o man in th e wh o le co un t ry wh o is h e ld in greater esteem t h an

N aren dran ath Se n fo r h o n e s t o f ur o se for ust an d modera e v y p p , j t ie ws on publi c q ue sti o n s an d fo r de e p pat ri o ti sm an d stren uous labour in

c o r Succe ss ve ce ro s an L th e se rvi ce o f th e u n t y . i Vi y d ieuten an t

o vemo rs n o t to s e ak o f E n sh me n o f owe r ran ks h ave G , p gli l ,

h wn h im de e rt ' s t ' t ‘ t an d co n fide n c e e ve n th ose whose ub c s o p p , p li

r w h r v r A me asu res h e h as c ri t i c i s e d in h is pape i t g eat se e ity . s a M m i m m e r o f th e B e n a Le s at ve C oun c as 8. un c a Co m s e b g l gi l i il , i ip l sio n e r as a C o n re ss man an d as t h e Pre s den t of n n u merab e , g i i l

mo t n th e ood o f th e cou n t r his serv ces to associ ati o n s fo r pro i g g y, i

m n han th os h h h is natio n h ave scarce ly b e e n le ss i m e se t e e as

H e h as e ve r been a man of rofoun d ren de red to it as a j o u rn ali st . p

b readth o f v e ws in re ous matters . pi e ty an d o f th e g re at e st i ligi

o f re fo rme d v e ws h e h as free frater H imself a de vo u t H i n du i , ly

h r re l o n s an d va ued th e ood n ise d wi th th e fo llo we rs o f o t e igi l g

H e i s an arde n t T h e o so h st an d h as b een th e th i n gs in th e m. p i

ct o n o f th e T h eoso h ca Soc et e er Pre s ide n t o f th e B en gal Se i p i l i y v

Sen e t ve an d work on in th e M a M r. si n ce it s fo u n dati on . y y li l g

o its un d v ded ove an d re erence se rvi ce of h is coun t ry an d e nj y i i l v

[ 1 48 ]

him an d h e ran to their h elp an d rescue when ever they were in

dan r All m v m n t for romoti th f th coun tr ge . o e e s p ng e good o e y

had his h rt s m h n - r H w an rn st ea y y pat y a d co Ope ation . e as ea e

wo rker in th e cause of the Nat ional Congress and was th e Presiden t

o f th . R o m a f 1 8 0 e ecepti n Co m i tte i n its Calcutt Sess ion o 9 .

Amon g his acti vi ti e s in co n n ecti on wi th soci al progress may be

' me n ti on ed h is e di to rship o f th e I n di an Al z rror for some time

wh en it was an o r an o f th e Brah ma Sama his co - o eration in g j , p

e stabli shi n g an d mai n tai n i ng th e H i n du Mahila Vidyala un de r

M ss Ac k ro d aft rwar l l v ri n hi rn st a u i y ( e ds M rs . e e dg e) a d s ea e l bo rs

i s th S c r r o f v H is e e eta y th e Be th u n e C oll ege fo r se eral years .

’ last b u t n o t th e l e as t se rvi ce in t he cau se o f h is country s prog ress was h is arden t advo cacy o f th e se parati o n o f e xecuti ve and j udicial

l l is w - r so n n to h fun cti o n s . ell ea e d s tate me n t o f th e obj ecti o s t e p re sen t u n i o n o f th o se fu n cti on s an d o f th e way in which th e much n e eded se arat o n can b e e ffe cte d drew th e adm rat on of th e p i , i i

r H was st u n h w r made wh ol e co un t y . e dyi g t e cri ti ci sms that e e on his sch e me an d re ar n an e aborate re to the m wh en h e p p i g l ply ,

n l o ff M I is w ud c u t . t as s de y e di e d o f an attack o f apo lexy. beli e ve d that h is e xtre me abso rpti o n i n th e q uestion an d his con ti n ue d me di tati o n s o n it affec t e d h is b rai n an d caused his sudden

T h h ro d d rm i death . e e e a n han d in th e ve r act of fi htin fdr i , , y g g

r his cou n t y .

[ I sa ]

decl n e a seat on th Bench for mor t o B W i e e han nce . ut o mes

chandra was a atr ot fi rst an a law r n H p i d ye ext . e was one of th e

or an sers of th e I nd an N at ona Con ress of wh ch g i i i l g , i body h e t wice

” b ecame Pres dent th e h h est hon our that can fal h i , ig l to t e lo t of

H w n o f h an I n d an . e as o e t e starters of th e B en alee wh ch y i g , i has

’ b co m a n ews a e r o f so much fo rce in th e coun tr H e e p p y. ard w ork

’ “ m wo rr oo n b rok own M B n an d excessi ve ental y s e d r. o erji s h ealth

w E n an d for a chan in I n dia an d h e en t to gl ge . I t was in E nglan d

that his ast da s we re s e n t . A th o u h awa fro m his nat ve an d l y p l g y i l , h is h eart always t urn ed to wards it as th e magn eti c n eedle turn s to th e

I t wo u d b e e n d ess to men t on all th e var ous serv ces h e has pole . l l i i i

“ ren de re d to h is mo th e rlan d fro m h is di stan t K hiderpore villa

T h e n n u me rab e s e e ch es h e de vered i n E n an d at C roydon . i l p li gl , h always pleadi n g th e cause o f th i s di stan t coun try an d t e

immen se pe rson al sacrifice h e un de rwen t o n h er score are too

- n n h o rt b for his d ath h well k n own to requ i re an y me ti o . S ly e e e e

tan d fo r Par amen tar e ect on but h e h ad to retire resol ved to s li y l i ,

- h H ra fro m th e co n test o wi ng to ill eal th . e d gged on a miserable

fo r so me mo n th s mo re u n t l all was over i n 1 0 6 exi sten ce i 9 .

T h e n e ws o f h is death h as pl un g e d h is n ati ve coun try i n to a depth

wh ch sh e w take a on t m to r se B of so rro w fro m i ill l g i e i . y his

n de n ce an d rav t o f man n ers b his un flinchin stern i n depe g i y , y g devot on to th e cause o f t ru th an d atr ot sm b t he s m ath i p i i , y y p y

M r B r i an d ki n dn ess o f his h eart . on e j sec ure d th e admi ration and — respect o f E n gli sh men an d I n dian s alike a fo rtu ne rarely enj o yed

a by others in th ese d ys .

[ 1 56 ]

E nglish and thenceforward his speeches are almost always delivered

hi v i nor in Ben a . As an orato r s de er s so ous an d c ear his g li li y l ,

an ua e forc b e an d oe t c and his man n er ma est c . l g g i l p i , j i

w B ut it is no t o nly fo r his o ratori cal po ers that h e is famous .

‘ ’ H i n Wo m n He is a b r an t scho ar e ssa st an d cr t c . s essa s o e illi l , yi i i y ,

‘ ’ ‘ ’ ’ ‘ ’ Bhak ti r a l rabhat Ch n ta N ibh rita Ch n ta h ave J y, i , i ,

m n a n c d fi ld o f Be n a t r u r F or his te rar ill u i e d egle te e g li li e at e . li y

wo rk s h e has b e e n h o n o ure d wi th th e ti tle o f Rai Bahadur by th e

v rn n He has als o w o rk d fo r m n w G o e me t . e a y years as th e De an

wa E s ta o f the Bh a l te .

‘ ’— T h e g re at e s t wo rk o f h is li fe h o we ve r i s th e Rau dhah a hig h

o T h l fami l mb c ass Be n a e r d c a . e ub sh e d in Dacca was l g li p i i l , p li , — at o n e ti me n o me an co mpe ti t o r o f th at p ri n ce o f peri odical s th e

B an adarsamz o f Ban k m (Jh u n t l ra . N o w it has b e n rev v d a g i e i e , n d

is o n e o f th e be s t magaz i n e s in Ben gali an d it wo uld certai n ly b e

a corded a h h ace in a h sto r o f th e Ben a terature as it c ig pl i y g li li ,

well de serves t o be .

[ 1 60 ]

si ties Act also o we a g reat deal o f th ei r use fulness to his wise

c o un v l s an e ot Mr. e d d ed abours . Ban er i was kn i h t in 1 l j g ed 90 4 .

’ Sir G urudas s Tagore Law Lectures o n th e H i n du Law of Marriag e

an d Str dhan are reat va ued b law stu n H i g ly l y de ts . e has also

wri tte n ve ry u se ful b oo k s o n Ari th me ti c an d modern G eomet ry

an d th ough tful pamphle ts o n e ducati o n an d th e use o f th e Devan a

gari ch aracte r.

Si r G urudas is admi re d an d re s pe c t e d as much for his h igh

c haracte r be n e vo le n c e an d atr o t sm as fo r h is earn n an d abi . p i i l i g m T h o r an d th e h e le s s h ave a co n stan t fr en d in hi . litie s . e po lp i

\ ll pu bli c mo ve me n t s fo r p ro mo ti ng t h e g o o d o f th e co un try hav e

- A wa s k o wn s a devou t his h earty s ympath y an d c o o pe rati o n . l y n a

1 n d c o n s e rvati ve Hi n du an d n o t ide n t ifie d wi th an y party o f so c a re fo rme rs h e is ve t mo s t t o e ran t an d be ra in his s m ath e s i l , l li l y p i

mm n ds th e r s e ct o f all art e s o rth odox an d h e tero dox t n cl co a e p p i , ,

o r v I n th e r c n r co n se rvati ve an d p r g e ssi e . e e t poli tical st uggles of

th e co un tr h e h as full ide n tifie d h ms elf w th th e n at on a art y, y i i i l p y an d h as re n de red imme n se se rvi c e in co n n e cti o n wi th th e establish me n t o f t h e N ati o n al C o un ci l o f Educati o n an d th e Be n gal T ech n ical

Sir G rudas is n o w an o ld man b ut h is n r I n st t ute . u e e an d act v t i , gy i i y

r n r w o rk r M are a b ri lli an t e xample t o o u y o u g e e s . ay b e ye t li ve l o n g t o g uide an d i n s pi re t h e m wi th h is w i s e c o u n se l an d pure ch aracter

[ 1 64 ]

-

was to d v r his e ur n M H e li e l ct es bei g ortgage . e performed th e

task ver ab th e resu t o f wh ch is his a most c as s ca w rk y ly, l i l l i l o on

th e Law of m rt a i B r h I n i I n r o g ge n itis d a. o der to un derstan d properly th e value o f this book we must reme mber that th ere was no codifie d law o n th e su bj ect in th ose days an d both j udges and advo cate s we re much h an dica pped for wan t o f a proper work which wo uld e mb o dy th e pri n c iples on th e s ubj ect an d place all the

r T h oo w t h n an as each . e b k su e d hi w Th cases i i e y ppli t s an t . ough

h law h as n ow bee n codifie d it is st uote d as an auth o r t b t e , ill q i y y

both th e Ben ch an d th e Bar.

A lawye r o f s uc h le arn i n g an d pen e trati on o f j u dgmen t can n ot

I t is an un do u bted fact t hat fo r th e ast twen t ears h e fail t o ri s e . l y y . ’ w ad r o f th ak B r H is for h as be e n th e ack n o l e dged le e e V il a . e n sic

ch e s are c o th e d in a c h aste an d sc h o ar s t e his ar u men ts s pee l l ly yl , g

co n vin c n an d h is e o u e n c e a ea s st ro n to th e B en ch . are i g , l q pp l gly

Suc h s tro n r n te lle c t ual o we rs c o u ld n o t o n o Un reco n sed g, i p l g g g i

ar H e e n t e re d t h e Be n a Le s at ve oun e ve n o u ts i‘le th e b . g l gi l i C cil 1 88 an d also t h e Su re me Co un c in 1 8 1 in ace o f Sir in 9, p il 9 pl

T K H wa r - a M tte r t . e s e o n ted i n 1 8 t K o me sh ( h un dra i pp i 93, o

o un c l wh e re b e s de s tak n an act ve art i n its roce ed n s th e C i , , i i g i p p i g ,

wo b lls o f h is o wn wh ch we re acce te d b th e h e i n t ro duce d t i , i p y

n o f th s w fo r G ove rn me n t an d passe d i n to law . O e e e as setting

a o u rt sale i f th e ud me n t deb t we re a d w th n 0 da s aside C , j g p i i i 3 y

r h - o f th e sa e w th e r ce n t n te re s t on th e u c ase mon e . Th e l , i 5 p i p y — oth er relat e d t o th e law o f pre e mpti o n .

h r e of H is sch olars h i p re warde d by th e sen ate w i t th e deg e

H e was als o made a fe lo w an d a me mbe r o f th e s n d cate . I) . L . l y i

' ‘ o t h e h ero o f a h u n dre d atfo rms h e is a s n cere I h o ug h n t pl , i

an d s ec a l on on e o ccas on h as h e v n d cated in a pat ri o t e p i l y i i i ,

e r s e ech th e n at o n a c h aracte r of th e I n d ans a a n st th e mast ly p , i l i g i

i o rt r f h n z n H e s a s a su o e o t e Co ress . i n ve cti ve s of L o rd C ur o . l pp g

s x t - fi rst ear o f his fe h e is in t h e fu T h o ugh in th e i y y li , ll

n f h ea th an d v o ur an d ro m ses to do a var et of possessi o o l ig , p i i y

r m s to h is co un tr wh ch is so ust o ud of h i . u sefu l se rv ice , y i j ly p

[ 1 68 ] deep sense of j ustice an d his firmness of character have often brou h t him n to a n fu co l s on w th his official su eri ors bu g i p i l l i i i p , t on the other hand made him an ob t f , j ec o deep love an d res ect to his coun tr men an d not a few of the ru n rac H i p y li g e . s be n evo len ce al so has led him to iden tify himself with the well - be in g o f his n e h bo u rs in all aces wh ere his serv ce h as tak en him ig pl i ,

av so m w rk o f ub c us fu n s in h I i h w an d e e e o e e s t em. t s o eve r l p li l , , h is se rvice t o Bengali poe try th at will ni ake his me mory li ve longest

’ ’ o m n His v r firs w rk Ababasran z m mad amon st h is c un t r e . e t o e g y y , j , it a are n t th at a reat oet h ad r se n a oet of th e same ran k a pp g p i , p s

Mi ch ael Madh usudan Datta an d Babu H e mchan dra Ban dyo

adh a a an d th e reat Ben a c r t c an d n ove st Babu Ban k m p y y, g g li i i li , i ch an dra hatto adh a wh o th en e d ted th e B an adarslzan at C p y y, i g ,

n is t h s fact in hi s re v e w o f th k B bu N vin on ce recog e d i i e boo . a a ch an dra h as si n ce s ustai n ed an d both deepen e d an d widen ed his

' s r o f r l an t rf rman H i P a/ z r repu tatio n by a e i es b i li pe o ces . s as

' Y uad/za i s th e favour te of e ve r Be n a reader an d th e more i y g li , re markabl e o f its passag es are i n th e mou th of e very lover of

' v s I t was fo o w d b [ f (m amati az at k u Ben a e r e . e R v a q r k g li ll y g , , s/zefra A mi tab/ m metr ca t ran s at on s o f , , i l l i

' h B /za avaa f z ta an d th e C/zcmdi an d P rabaser P atra t e g fg , , all o f wh ch h ave in a re markab e de ree adorn e d an d en r ched i , l g , i th e Ben gali lan g uage .

[ 1 7 1 ] an d as a worker in the field of tem erance uri an d th e p , p ty,

re o us soc a an d o t ica ro ress of th e coun tr th at h e is lig i , i l p li l p g y,

most known an d has don e th e reatest ood to his coun tr men ly , g g y .

I n th e roceed n s of th e N ational on r ss an d in all mov m n p i g C g e , e e ts

fo r ro mot n th e ub c o o d h e h as b een a most earn est an d p i g p li g ,

f bl w o rk r I n o n i n de atiga e e . c j un cti o n wi th t he late Babu Jaygo

v in t lh So m h e fo r se vera ears con ducted a week ourn a nam , , l y , ly j l ed

' Tlze I n di an C/zrz sfi an H e also foun ded T h e Ch rista

Sama a ( fh ristian So c e t o n a broad bas s an d n de en den t of j , i y i i p

’ h ll s cts o f E uro ean h r s t an t B M r B t ut . an r t e a e p C i i i y . a j s

h h av n e ve r be e n c o n fi n e d to h is o wn n m nat on H sympat i e s e de o i i . e

freely frate rn i se s wi t h pe o ple o f all s hade s o f b e li e f an d is always

ready to c o - o pe rat e wi t h all o n th e b road u n sectarian basis of

T h s w de s r t of t o ra c ommo n c i ti z e n s hi p . i i pi i le ti o n an d th e earn est

c h ara t r se s M r an ar t h v m at r ot s m th at c e . B a e ade him th e p i i i j , u n i ve rsal favou ri te th at h e is to h is cou n t rymen o f th e most various

f n n tud n t s as a ass h av b en ob ct o f hi s h ades o opi i o . S e cl e e j e s s

o n stan t care an d th e r o ve an d re s e ct fo r him is most s n cere c , i l p i

M r Ban ar t h as at e fille d th e offi ce of th e an d p ro fo u n d. . j l ly

R egi strar o f th e Calc u tta U n i versi ty wi th g reat ability for several

r B u t rece n tl h is h ealth h as reat fa e d an d ub c move yea s . y g ly il , p li me n ts an d plat fo rms h ave lo n g sadly mi ssed h is labori ou s h an d an d

\ B n ar l t on ar . I r a b e s d Ma . e e his o we rful so n o ro us vo ce . p , i y j y l g p to u s an d co n ti n u e as a g u ide to h is cou n trymen in vi rt ue of his

ure de vo u t an d un se lfish fe p , li

1 76

V l 1 r An an moh n f m h i a i a I n 8 8 M . da a ce r t Mah l dya y. 7 se ded o e

B rah mo Samaj o f I n dia with a large n umbe r of his fellow- worshippers an d w th the r he estab shed th e Sadharan Brahm m His i i lp li o Sa aj. labours in con n ect ion with this last and most in fluen tial section of

h B ra o m w r n n most arn Th ou h n s t e h m Sa aj e e i cessan t a d e est . g co cie n tiousl d ffe r n an d se arat n h mse f from his old master y i i g p i g i l ,

K esh av Chan dra Sen h e re ta n ed h is o ve an d re veren ce for th e , i l

h n d I n fac r o f r atter to t e e . t a dee s t to e at on an d suav t l , p pi i l i i y

f man n rs we re ro m n e n t f a u r s in h h r r f M r A o e t e t c a a t o M . e p i e c e . .

Bo se an d h e h eart l frate rn se d w th e o e o f d ve r en t v ews an d , i y i i p pl i g i

1 r B fo d h o w I n 8 M . o s u n d t t h h te n den c e s . e e e C C e e c has i 79 i y ll g , i all a on ma n ta n e d a h h stan dard o f teach n an d d sc n e l g i i ig i g i ipli , give n e mpl o ymen t t o a larg e n u mb er o f work e rs in th e cause of re on at r o t s m an d so c a re fo rm mou de d th e character of ligi , p i i i l , l

h u n dreds o f yo u n g me n an d has b een th e c en tre of philan th ropic

n As a m m e r of h B n l activi ti es o f vari ou s de scri pti o s . e b t e e ga

e s at ve Cou n c as a F el o w o f th e Calcutta n vers t an d as L gi l i il , l U i i y,

’ h o r h r n t o n ress man M r. B ose s s e rv ce s to t e c un t ave an a de C g , i y

H e v s te d E n lan d a secon d t me in 1 8 1 an d b een in calculable . i i g i 9

ab e se rv ce th e re b advo catin r th e cause o f his coun did most val u l i y g,

m n T h ese var o us abours soon f E n sh e . try be fo re vast b o di e s o gli i l

i h alth an d fo r a fe w e ars b e fo re his death h e la b rok e down h s e , y , y

B ut e ve n wh e in h is death b e d h e wrote owerful as an i n valid. il , p

t th Part t on o f Be n al an d was carr ed in a tter to la ly agai n s e i i g , i li y

H is h th e fou n dati o n o f th e pro pose d F e de rati on H all . speec on

on as wel as his Pre s de n t a address at one of th e th at occasi , l i i l

m r N at o n a C o n re ss w be on re me be ed. se ssion s of th e i l g , ill l g

Au ust 1 0 6 dee amen ted b all c asses of his H e di e d in g , 9 , ply l y l

n coun tryme . O b I VA N A T “ SAS R T I .

[ 1 80 ]

' ' Sastr wrote a oe m in Ben a ent t ed M rbasi ter B zla th i p g li i l p , e

’ Lament of th e E x e wh ch at once m il , i beca e popular an d enrolled his n ame amon those of th e em nent oets of th Pro H h g i p e vince . e as

' ' ’ ' s nce wr t ten P us/z amala I fi maan K usu m Clz/za ama i P an na i i p , , y y y and a fe w vo umes o f m nor eces all of wh ch have susta n d l i pi , i i e and

e en d h i r utat n His ve s a so M e obau d e e s e o as a oet . no Yu p p i p l l , j ,

an tar an an tara h v a m h r H i d a e tta n ed uc o u a t . s L e g s , i p p l i y if

' ' qf R amtan u L a/ un is a val uabl e record of th e con temporary h sto r o f Ben a so c a an d e ducat ona as we as a o rtra t b a i y g l , i l i l , ll p i , y

’ markab e man o f sk fu a n ter o f that re e t . P an d t Sastri s il l p i , l pi y i most s u sta n e d abo u rs have h o we ver be en in th e fie ld o f ract ca i l , , p i l

f H h s w r n re o n an d so c a re o rm. e a o ked ce ssan t in th at field ligi i l i ly , for th e ast th rt ears o r so e stab sh n sch oo s o r an s n l i y y , li i g l , g i i g m ss o n s e d t n o u rn a s de ve r n u b c o rat on s mak n mis i i , i i g j l , li i g p li i , i g

fr m s H is u b sionary tours an d preach i ng o publi c p ulpit . p lic speec h es an d se rmo n s wi ll b e fo un d i n seve ral vol umes p ubli shed

th e Sadharan Brah ma Sama an d th e all bear w tn ess to his by j , y i

e e t reat ab l t an d bu rn n en th u s as m in th e cause of d ep pi y, g i i y i g i

n I n o t cs Pan d t Sast r h as a wa s h e d ver advan ced religi o . p li i i i l y l y

v e ws an d at o n e t me h e was an ac t ve o t c an . B ut ate th e i , i i p li i i l ly

row n de man ds o f h is c h urc h u o n his t me o n th e on e h g i g p i , and, an d h is fa n h e a t h o n th e ot h e r h ave reve n ted his act ve art c ili g l , p i p i i

I t ma b me n t on e d h o we ve r tha h a ion i n o t cs . e t e has p t p li i y i , , been an e arn est Swade s hi fro m a ti me lo n g be fo re th e co mmen ce

n men t o f th e p resen t Swade sh i mo ve me t .

[ 1 84 ]

f of hi r E r s nc that t me or and dedicated to th e service s count y . ve i e i ’ Surendra Nath has devoted himself heart an d soul to his coun try s

au F or a sh ort t me h e worked as a Professor of E n sh teratu re c se . i gli li in th e Metropolitan I n sti tuti on of th e ever memorable Pun dit I sO ar

2 r B n r r h oo f V r I n 1 80 M . a e ee sta ted a sc o Chan dra idyasaga . j l

n in a cutta wh ch radua rew n to the R on Co e e his ow C l i g lly g i ip ll g ,

r I on e o f th e best con ducted pri vate Colleg es in th e M et opolis . n

h n r h E r h f h B an a ee I n 1 8 78 Suren dra N at u de took t e di to s ip o t e g l .

1 88 h t a k M r N r f r its col u mn s in 3 e a t c e d . J usti ce or i s o havi ng woun

ded th e fe e n s o f H n dus b o rde r n in a certa n case th e fam li g i y i g , i ily

n o r T h w idol to b e bro ugh t i to pen co u t . e attack as followed by an

f r o n t m t o f c o u rt an d a th h B r arre st o c e p l oug M r. an e j ee offere d an

a o o h e was se n te n ced to be u t n to c v a for two mon th H p l gy p i i il j il s . e had al ready establi sh e d his re n o wn fo r matc hless oratory and th e outbu rst o f feeli n g wh i ch took place th ro ugh o ut th e coun try on his

n m n t h as n e ve r b n w t n T h w i mpri so e e e i esse d. e h ole coun t ry we nt mad

r it an d th e n c ide n t o n l b ro u h t M r B o ve i y g . an e rj e e an d h is coun try

v r Am n i n to clo ser relati o n sh i p t h an e e . o g t h e leade rs of th e I n di an

n r s M r Ban r e s n d fo r m N ation al Co g e s . e j e ta s e ost an d it is to his per

l h t th mo ve me n t owes its shar o f s H son a ity t a e e uccess . e twice adorn ed th e c hai r o f its Pre si de n t an d o n bo t h o f t h ese occasi on s h is utter

I n h e L sla v an oe s were u n iq ue . t egi ti e C o u n ci l an d on th e M un icipal B oard th e tal en ts an d e n e rgy of Su re n dra N at h we re all e mpl oye d in

r Du r n h a th e se rvice o f h is co un t y. i g t e C lc ut ta M u n i cipal Bill agita

r Ban e r e e wo rke d wit h th e ardo ur an d z a o f ti o n M . j e l a yo un gman an d today as we pass alo n g th e c u rre n t o f Swade shi sm we feel eve ry

wh e re th e in flue n ce o f t h e same e rso n al t all th ro u h its cours p i y g e .

ld as h e i s h e i s st ll as act ve as an o un man an d th h t O , i i y y g e e of

en th usi asm an d ro bus t o ptimi s m wi th wh i c h h e is en do wed carry

fo r h im Th te n c f e veryth in g be e . e a ity o p urpose whi ch characteri ses “ him made a di sti n g u i sh e d j o urn ali st o n ce ch ang e his n ame i nto Su r ” re n der n ot an d th e marvell ous powe rs o f well reason ed orato ry with wh i ch n ature had en dowe d him h as caused h im to be co mpared

De mosth e n s M a h v wi th Ci cero an d e . y e li e lo ng to work for th e cause of his coun t ry to wh ich h e has devoted his life an d to wh ose i ll service h e has dedicated h s a .

[ 1 88 ]

v I w s n rs r w his isit to E urope . t a i te pe sed ith E nglish poe ms writt en

hi H n e x v d his at e nt by mse lf. e t de ote t ion to fiction an d produce d

v in Be n a wh ch are ve r o u ar His a n ov i s in six no els g li i y p p l . l st el

d is n t t e d the Lake P alm T h n w E n glish an e i l qf s . e follo ed a

' po pular [ l i s tu r t fi / fo r sc h o o ls an d a mo st well - w ri tten an d

' ° n s r n [ fi smr t ' ( i n -l m1 en f I n di a a va uab e reco rd i pi i g ff , l l

\ ‘ ' . I r. D o f h i sto ri cal rese arch . atta th en pub li sh e d the R nz eda

' a n / ufa in Be n a ch arac t e rs an d a Be n a t ran s a on f m S g li g li l t i o th e sa e .

i s o 1m 1 T h en came a s e r e f | ks de ali n g with th e diffe ren t periods o f

‘ r sa re d l t e rat u re w th S t ' t imt ' n S an d th e r Ben a tran sla San sk i t c i . i p i g li

' ' ' -1 [ I i s /n r t ul [ mi m i n Be n al a I l z sforv o B en al i n tio n s . g i , f g

' r u l ?c l z cz/i i tera tu re in th sam E n glish an d a b ri e f / g L e e

d d t h e s e ub cat on s Th en came lang uag e h ad pe rh aps prece e p li i .

i n t I n di a b e n me t r ca t ran s lat o n s n to E n sh o f L a rs of A n c e . i g i l i i gli

sa e s fro m th e Hun” th e 111 1 1 1311 0 11: an d from ater sel ect pas g , 7 l

’ T h s was fo o we d b th e l t amm'a n an d th e M afi a San sk rit po et ry. i ll y

i E n sh me tre rese mb n th e N mrat in co n de n se t l fo rms an d n gli li g

M r Dat h as wr tt n B de s th ese . ta e meas ure . e s San sk rit i , i

' mi r 1 1 131 0 t o I frz fi s/z I n di a an d ub sh ed a an e l ab o rate E mrm f p li W s on o t ca sub ects . e fe w vol ume s o f h is s pe ech e s an d e s a y s p li i l j

if eve n aft e r th s lo n re c o rd o f h is wr t n s we have are n o t su re , i g i i g ,

’ Datta s b ca o o n s o me o f M r. u t n s n ot un wi tti n gly o mi tte d t o me n ti p li i .

o n t me an d eave a br an t May h is fe rtil e p e n wo rk o n ye t a l g i l illi

lab ou r be fore h is e xample o f pat ri o ti sm an d l o ng an d stren uo us

n co un tryme .

[ 1 9 2 ] — lawyers Bengal has produced and Sarada Charan had his early stru es and de ress on s as h e had to re so e on his own ggl p i , ly l ly a i m r ts cou n t fa to e r c se d an d b t es . B ut his e d o b e o n il i i l il g i ,

w f r n 1 8 h s n ted slo ly he rose to th e top o th e ladde . I 95 e wa appo i to th e Tagore Law Pro fessorsh i p th e res ult o f wh ich is his use ful work h La w o f B n i f m an a vocat t e n d La e a . H s a e as d e , g l became so g reat that the G o ve rn me n t n o mi nate d him in 1 90 2 to

ffi i D r n h r h was d u to make o c ate as a J udge . u i g t is pe i od e e p ted a local e n q ui ry at Bodh G ya o n acco un t o f th e di s pu te t h at was go i n on w th r ar o m l H i r o rt is mo n u me n t of g i eg d t t h e te p e . s e p a

r A n ffi iatin ea n n an d re searc h fo res h t an d m art a t . s a o c l i g , ig i p i li y g in cumbe n t b e di splaye d s uch co n spi c uo us abili ti es that his pe rma

men t appoi n t me n t t o th e Be n c h be came o n ly a q ue st i on o f t ime . I n 1 90 4 an o pport un i ty o c c u rre d wh e n Sir G u rudas Ban erj ee

re t red an d in de fe re n ce to th e w sh e s o f th e u b c t h e vacan c i , i p li , y

w fill b M r M r A a ud h h as wo n o de n o n on as u . tt s e d p y i e . j g e e g l pi i

fro m all uarte rs an d is much re s ec t e d e ven b h is E uro ean q , p y p

o ea u s C ll g e .

T h ou h bu s e n a e d i n h is ro fe ss o n a wo rk h e h as a stron g ily g g p i l , g

ove for h is mo th e r- to n ue an d n e ve r o m ts to se rve h er wh en h e l g , i

n r n H e u sh n f V a i n fin ds a o ppo t u i ty . p bli ed a e di ti o n o idyap t lo g

a o an wr t s v r w rk in B r a g d o e e e al o s e n gali w hi c h was much app eci ted. H e is an ac ti ve me mber o f t h e Sah itya Pari sh ad (Bengal li terary

assoc at o n some t me s ac t n as its Pre s de n t an d h as o fte n con tr i i ), i i g i , i

t B n l m z n H i h r n ato r o f th e mo vemen t bu ed to e ga i aga i e s . e s t e o igi

fo r n t roduc n a co mmon d a c t an d c haracte r t h rou h out I n d a i i g i le g i ,

wh ch h e h o e s w c o n t r bu te muc h to wards th e fo un dat on o f an i , p , ill i i

H i o a k r s h r n d ha wr tten I n d an n at on . e s a s a o o d S n s t c o a a s i i l g i l , i

r n k r t work seve al Sa s i s .

r st c M tra is a so a soc a r f m r i ar er da s u e e o r . I n h s e M . J i i l i l e li y he z ealo usy su pported Pan di t I swar Cha ndra Vidyasagar in hi s

w ow- marr a mov m n t H i n ch advocate of id i ge e e . e s al so a stau fe male educatio n an d is th e P re side n t o f th e B e th un e College Com

mit M or ove r h e h as n m a o sh th m ch evous te e . e do e uch to b e is , li i

t m s arat n th e d ffe r n t r h K cus o s ep i g i e b an ch es o f t e ayasthas .

’ H e is th us on e of th e most e mi n en t o f th e living g reat men of

Ben a an d he wou d we ho e ren der a var et of ben eficial works g l, l , p , i y .

to his mother- and for a lon t m to c l g i e ome .

[ 1 96 ] we re it not for the sudden reversal of the Libe rals th rough th e att m ts o f th I A th u f e p e rish . l o gh he ailed himse lf h e prepared t he wa fo r o h r I n an to n t r tha r o A f w y t e di s e e t g eat b dy . e years late r o n M D h h i o ro r. ad ab a N a p sat as th e F i rst I n dian membe r i n th e

H o use o f Co mmo n s and it is un do ubte d th at it would n o t have bee n s if h osh h f w W o Mr. G ad on e be o r an d s e t th wa h i n g e p e y. ile n E gland

M r . G h osh was fort un ate e n o ugh in e nj o yi n g t h e fri e n ds hip an d pat ron age o f J o h n Brigh t wh o se n ame is t reasu re d grate fu lly by all

’ I n t u b c e rfo rman was th d an . h h s as ce e s ec h i s M r. G os l p li p pe h e d v r s th e Pre s de n t o f th e I n d an N at o n a o n res s in 1 0 eli e e d a i i i l C g 9 3 .

I n li te rary g race th e s pe e ch s u rpasse s its p re de ce ssors an d alth ough

h o sh h ad o n a o re t re d fro m th e u b c th e k n M r. G l g g i p li ee i n te rest h e still take s in th e affai rs o f h is co u n t ry was e v i n ce d in eve ry li n e o f

h o s h is r i h ur M r. de e ead n t e E n th e spe e c h . G ply o pea li te rat ure an d

’ his me tri cal E n gli sh t ran slati o n o f M adh usudan s M eghanadbadh H re call s th e s ubli me mu s i c o f Milto n . e h as in h is han ds a fe w liter ary wo rks c h i e f amo n g whi ch is t h e wri ti n g o f a Li fe o f N apoleon

M a h e ve on as t h e o r o f h is co u n t r an d ma B on aparte . y li l g gl y y y h is labou rs in th e li t e rary fi e ld sh e d addi ti o n al l ustre on his much

malig n e d n ati ve lan d.

N AG E N R A N A G H I I D TII O S .

A exan der M ck nz B r l a e ie . ut ecognition of merit is not an easy affa r and Mr . Gh os ma n s f w h h h i , e y co ole himsel it t e idea that e s eaks an d wr tes for fi n r ha h p i a t audie ce th ough fe w. Sca cely d e practised fo ur years at th e bar wh en h e had to yield to the pre ss ure of Pun di t I shwara Chan dra Vidyasagara an d accept a Pro fesso r sh i n th e M e tro o tan I n st t o n n at h n n f i p p li i uti . O ly t e i si ste ce o that g reat man an d t o ren de r a se rvice to a p u blic i n sti t ut ion at a cr t ca e r od o f its h sto r h e to ok th e r sk o f sacrifi cin h is i i l p i i y, i g

ros ects at th b r f r h s w p p e a . A u t e r ac rific e as i n vol ved in h is M un i ci pal Co mmi s si on e rs hi p wh i c h made g re at de man ds o n his t me an d at i ten ti on . H e has also b e en fo r se ve ral years a Presiden cy

Ma s trate an d a F e o w o f th e n v rs t o f Th ese g i ll U i e i y Calcutta. h on o rar o ffi ce s have b n o h im r H h h d to wor y ee t n o si n ecu e . e as a k hard in e ver ca ac t As an h o r r m y p i y. n o a y agi strate he e nj oys th e con fide n ce o f ract t o n rs t o an n h w o h r p i i e e xte t su c as fe t e s do .

Added to all th s h as b een th e wo rk mo st u n re mu n e rated of i , ly , adv s n an d wr t n t s fo r m h r e van H h e t on e n w t c s . as h ad i i g i i g p i i i g i e e , i n add t o n to re are o r re v se e ssa s s e ec h e s and oth er wr t n s i i , p p i y , p , i i g o f seve ra en t e me n kew se to draft addresses or me mo r a s on l g l , li i i l b e ha f o f c o N ot th e wo rst o f his n m s wou d char e l pu bli b di es . e e ie l g h im wi th an y th e least vi olati on o f h on esty as a commissi on er or as a o urn a st o r i n an o h r c a H e h as con s ste n t sou ht j li y t e ap ci ty . i ly g “ to b e true to r n c s M an ears a o h e wrote K r sto Das p i iple . y y g i ” Pal A st ud h h l s ok e n b co m e ten t c r t cs an d h e has more y ig y p y p i i , “ ” r c n t w n T h r f r u b K ss n Bahadur e e ly ri tte e M e moi s o M aha aj a N i e . Sh o rtly afte r th e p ubli catio n o f th e latter wo rk h e was e lected a

l w f h R o a Soc t o f L t r r H e was Pres den t of the F e lo o t e y l i e y i e at u e . i

o h l n o r H e h as been for B e ngal Provi n cial C n fe re n ce e d at Mid ap e . man ears an E xam n e r t o th e n vers t Ca c u tta an d h e was ast y y i U i i y l , l year sele cted by th e G ove rn me n t o f I n dia as a M e mbe r of th e

f u ta Mr Co mmittee to draft R eg ulation s fo r th e U n i ve rsi ty o Calc t . .

h ose is st in act ve fe an d h as it ma be h o ed a reat future G ill i li , y p , g

h im E ve r v s tor is a wa s we co me in h is h o use an d h e b e fo re . y i i l y l ,

in r n r n s rv c n so me o nts i s al ways ready an d ch eerful e de i g e i e . O p i

fus s to be co mmu n cat ve n ame fi rst the te rar ro ects h e re é i i , ly, , li y p j

h se ms to h ave in m n d second th e r vate co m limen whi c h e e i , , p i p tary letters h e h as received from great men with referen ce to h is

r t n s an d o n on s and th rd th e re on wh ch h e h as had w i i g pi i , i , ligi i made h is own an d which see ms to have pro foundly in fluen ced his

n d mi .

2 11 4 ]

labour wh ch m ht be rofitabl s e n t in or nal T h u , i ig p y p igi work . s

Dr B w . ose as always willing to visit E urope and mix in learn ed

soc et es . An o ort un t r s n t d e e e tse f. The Secr tar o f t i i pp i y p i l e y S ate, o n th e rec o mmendat on of th e G ove mmen t of I n d Dr a de ut d . i i , p e Bose to E urope in order that h e might be acquainted with the latest

r v m s imp o e en t in scie nce .

Ou his arr va in E n an d h e became ersona fam r i l gl , p lly ilia with

h o s wh o w r fo rm r fam ar o n w hi w t e e e e th s orks . H e w n t n o t ly ili ly i e , as a h u mb e e arn e r b ut as an n st ructo r to daz z e th w r w l l , i , l e o ld ith “ i w s o v r H is essa o n a co h s n e di c e i es . y mpl ete apparatus for ascer ” ta n n t h e ro e rt e s o f e e c t r ca v brat o n s read b fo r th i i g p p i l i l i i , e e e

reate st me n o f sc en ce in th e Br t s h Assoc at on was h a d w th g i i i i i , ile i

T h e n st ru m n t is at re se n t in u i deligh t . i e p se n several un iversities

F ran n Am r ca fo r th e e uc dat on o f n w r T h o f ce a d e e t uth s . e i , l i i “ ” E le ct ri cian re marke d that th e i n st ru me n t migh t be used for com mun icatin n e s an d m h t be o ss b be turn ed to mon e - mak n g w , ig p i ly y i g

r pu poses . H e fo u n d mag n ifice n t re ce pti o n s in t h e chi e f un i versities o f E ng

W i n an d F ran ce an d G e rman . h le E n an d h e d sco vered an l , y i gl , i

r scien tific t ruth wh ch h e ave o u t i n an e ssa read before the oth e , i g y

‘ Ro a Soc e t e n t t ed Th e se e ct ve co n ductiv itv exh b ted b cer y l i y , i l l i i i y

’ c s tai n polari si n g su b stan e . \ n oth er o f h is wo rks in E n glan d must b e me n tion ed i n thi s con

‘ H read an e ssa be fo re th e So c e t of Arts on Scie n tific n e ctio n . e y i y

’ Educatio n in I n di a in whi ch b e i n di cate d h o w th is state of thin gs

H e advo cat e d th e estab sh men t of a can b e imp ro ve d in I n di a. li

h I n s t u te th e fo un d n o f a sc e n ce sch o arsh an d th e R e searc ti , i g i l ip,

f sc n c in th e ub c serv ce . The g re ate r e mpl o ymen t o f men o i e e p li i

I t n duc e d Lo rd K e v n Lo rd L e cester and essay did muc h good. i l i , i

St fo r h st a h m n o th e rs to me mo riali se th e Se c re tary o f ate t e e blis e t o f a Sci en ce I n sti t ute in I n dia .

is r turn to I n d a h e h as b e en e n a ed in d scover n Si n ce h e i , g g i i g

o r an c an d th e n o r an c an d has wr tten th e relatio n s between th e g i i g i , i

t H e h as be en made a se ve ral val uabl e treatise es on th e su bj ec .

b th e G overn men t in reco n t o n of his ta en ts . E . I . C . y g i i l

t v oun in ears an d i s in fu ossess on of H e is compara i ely y g y , ll p i

r Ma be ve on enou h to take a h h ace h e alth an d vigou . y li l g g ig pl

f nce of th e wor d among th e greatest men o Scie l

[ 2 0 8 ]

ub c utteran ces few and far between are ea er sou h t for. p li , , g ly g

Wh n a ctur b him is an noun ced th e h a h owever ar e its e le e y , ll, l g ca ac t is filled on be fore th e t me fi xed an d h un dreds ret urn p i y, l g i , for w n o f s ats Babu R abin dra N ath is a so an e m n en t s n e r a t e . l i i g

n m s c an T h ousan ds sit en tran ced wh en h e s n s i n ub c a d u i i . i g p li meeti n g s an d i n devo ti o nal festi val s co n n ected wi th th e B rah ma

Samaj .

’ Ba R abi n dra N ath s act v t e s h ave be e n ch i fl t r r H bu i i i e y li e a y . e

' h as success ve ed ted th e B /zam tz t h e B alak th e Sad/zcma an d i ly i , ,

v w B h is a th e B an adars/za n all B e n a mon th re e s . ut e so a g , g li ly i l

r n H has t rav d mu ch in I n d man o f vari ed wo rldly e xpe i e ce . e elle ia an d E uro e st u d n E n l sh te rat u re fo r a t me in t h e Lon don p , yi g g i li i

M r H h as s e n t man ears in r o h n o e . e Un i versity u n de r M . J l y p y y

’ man agi n g h is fath e r s vast e s tate an d also se rved lon g as th e Secre

Lat e h e h as d t m ch o f tary o f th e Adi B rah ma Samaj . ly e vo e d u

' ' h is t me an d atte n t o n t o a sc h o o e stab ish ed i n th e San tz mketan i i l l , th e garden h ouse wh e re h is sai n tly fath e r medi tated lon g i n his

r r n h v s r t ua su cc e ss T h s sch oo i m ea ly yea s a d ac i e ed pi i l . i l s odelled

' ' much afte r th e o ld sc h ool s un de r th e rz s/zz s i n wh i ch th e studen ts

r éra/z macfi a z a n d l ve d w th th r t a h r I i p acti sed y a i i e i e c e s . t s a pet

R in dr N h o mak e h s sch o o a s u sch e me o f ab a at t t i l cce ss .

’ T h t bu t n o t th east m o r n t f a u r s f M r T h e las e l i p ta e t e o . aku r s life

A t v r s an o l n m is h is arden t pat ri o ti s m. c i e pat i ot d p i ti c ia s ay always cou n t u on h is s m ath an d co - o e rat o n an d th e su cce ss o f th e p y p y p i ,

’ ' rec e n t sw aaes/zz mo ve me n t i s n o t a li ttl e i n de bted to his to uch i ng patri oti c so n g s an d his b eau ti fully w ri tte n an d e xcell en tly deli vered

ectu res on var o us sub ects be ar n u o n th e ro res s o f th e n at on l i j i g p p g i .

11 . PR A F UL L A C H AN DR A AY D R .

After return ing to I ndia h e was appoin ted Professo r o f

Ch e m str in th e Pres den c Co e e in 1 88 an d fro m h i y i y ll g 9, t at t ime h e sen t man essa s to th e var ous scien tific soc et es of E uro e y y i i i p , to be ub sh e d in th e r roceed n s wh ch were reco n s p li i p i g , i g i ed as of rare ab t an d conta n n e v den ce o f o r n a t an d r s ar h ili y i i g i igi li y e e c .

E s ec a his d sco ver o f 1 1 me rcurio us N tr tes wh ch was a p i lly i y i i , i s id to hll u a b an k in ou r k n o w e d e o f th e M e rcur se r e s sur r s p l l g y i , p i ed

w All co m t n th e learn ed orld. pe e t j udg es g rate fully ack n owledge th h h serv ce th us re n dere d to c h e m ca sc n Dr R e e c . a ig i i l i e by y.

Som o f th e reatest so n s o f th e an d n r R m e a d D . a a on g l , y g

' o th e rs n ot ced e ven on b e fo re th e Szvadesz movemen t th at th e , i l g ,

ove rt of th e co un t r is ar e du e to th e wan t o f ro r n us r p y y l g ly p pe i d t i es .

Dr R a e s e c a fo un d o u t t h at a ar e facto r in th e co m os o n . y p i lly l g p iti o f the wealth o f G e rman y was th e p roducti on o f ch e mical sub

k dru s d e s can d e s so a s 81 H h stan ce s e C . e estab s e d in li g , y , l , p li “ w h M r Sat is h h r o n t . u n a n h M h B n a n c t d S a . A e co nj u i i C i g . t e g l

! n Ph armac u t W r s I t h h r Ch e mical a d e ical o k . ad to strugg le a d

s r n D R h v n t s m er w n t o f th e n e c e sa ca ta a d r. ay ad to n e fo r a y pi l , i i pl an d ch eape r mac h i n e ry fo r th e mo re c o s tl y o n es which we re usually f I i h w rk o f Dr R a r ru t . t s T h e ab t an d o n est o . y bo e in use . ili y i

v r flo uris h in co n c e rn an d it s s tab t is sec ure . I t is th e n o w a e y g , ili y

s k n d in I n d a an d le t 11 s h o e it wo u d n o t be th e a t . first o f i t i i , p , l l s T he high regard i n wh i ch h e is h e ld b y savan ts in con t i n en tal co un t ri e s is sh o wn fro m t h e fac t t h at an e mi n e n t F ren ch Ch emist aske d h im man y parti c ulars ab o u t th e me th o d o f produc i n g ch e mi

o f un d i n an c n t n s k r w T s i th cal s u bs tan ce s t be o i e Sa i t o rks . h i s e ” b wo rk H s o r o rigi n o f h is c e l e rat e d i t ry o f t h e H i n du Ch e mist y w h ich b e s ide s b e i n g o f much an t iq uan an t u t e re s t as e mbodyi ng th e

made in t h is n e b y th e are n t s o f c v z at on i s a p rog ress li p i ili i ,

’ se o t t h e use to b e mad f I n an an ts an d practi cal t reati e o di pl

' T h e wo rk be s des be n an e flo rt t o save t h e H n dus mi n e rals . , i i g i

ch ar e of n e ec t n th s b ran ch o f e x er men ta sc ience from th e g gl i g i p i l ,

f scho arsh a is a mon u men t o l ip n d research an d h as achieved a

rit all o ver th e wo r deserved popula y ld.

Ra is a sin e an—h e devotes his wh o e ener i es to th e Dr. y gl m l g

' n r H e is v m silen t scrvice o f his cou t y . e ery si ple in man n ers an d — “ his motto bein v regular in habits g plain li ing an d h igh th in king !: ilit kin dn ess and modest have en deared hi m to h is His aflab y, y

n Ma h numerous fri en ds and stude ts. y e be spared lo ng to aid in the regenerati on of his mother land !

SWA V I V E K MI AN A NDA.

[ 2 1 6 ]

Nare ndra became the most favo urit e di sciple of t he Paramhan sa an d

w h i m ’ the latte r buil t high hopes on his po ers . Shortly after s aster s death Nare ndra became a mon k and assume d t h e n ame b , y wh s k w f ch h e i n o n . A ter so me t ray el in th e coun try h was s n t i , e e

in 1 89 3 b y th e Raj a o f Ramn ad t o th e Chicag o Parliame n t o f

R o n as a r r s n tat iy o f H nd s m H a r e ligi s e p e e e i ui . e m de a g e at im

p re s s i o n by h is u tte ran ce s o n t he ass e mbl e d re pre s e n tatiy es o f

y ario us re o n s an d his o u ar t y date s fro m t h s s ta e o f hi ligi . p p l i i g s

r I n 1 8 6 h we n t t o E n lan d an d le c t ur d t h r fo r c are e . 9 e g e e e some

n d o t ime o n Ve dan ti s m. l l e re t u r e t I n dia n e xt ye ar an d was

re ce iy e d wi th g re at co rdi ali ty an d e n t h u s ias m by th e c i ti z e n s o f

‘ s o f s H h n m o r Madra C a c ut ta an d t h e r la e . e t e ade a t u t h ro u h , l p g t h e c o n t ry an d d s c o u rse d in s e y e ral lac e s o n r o us s u b c u i p elig i j e ts .

I 1 8 h a a n y i s ite d E n an d an d t h e n t tat s o f Am r n 99 e g i gl U i e d S e e ica.

At San F ran c i s c o h e fo u n de d th e V e dan ta Soci e t y wh i ch h is

colleg ue s h as si n c e ke pt u p an d w hi c h h as do n e so mu c h t o spread

I n 1 0 0 h e re t urn e d to I n d a w th Ve dan ti s m in Ame ri ca. 9 i i a

ro lt h l i f r fro m d ab t s wh c h has r b ke n h e a . e suf e ed e e c u t sho t i . i

f I is s s h the care e r o man y a b rillian t Be n g ali . t al o aid t at his

1 1 m n o l t l o u n de rm n n 1 h is h ea h 1 0 1: rac tice s n t rib ut e d t a t e t t . ,4 p i i i g, l

He d e d in 1 0 2 at h is co n y e n t at Be l u r n e ar C a c u t ta mo u rn ed i 9 l , f h W by th e wh o l e c o u n t ry an d by h un dre ds o admi re rs in t e e st .

’ Swami Vi ve kan an da s t eachi n g s o n Ph ilo so ph y an d R e ligi o n are co n tai n e d in se ve ral y o lu me s o f his l e c t u re s e di te d by h is co lleag ues an d p ubli sh e d in Madras an d Calc utta .