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<I>Kryptophanaron Alfredi</I>

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<I>Kryptophanaron Alfredi</I> BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE. 29(3): 312-319. 1979 REDISCOVERY AND REDESCRIPTION OF THE CARIBBEAN ANOMALOPID FISH KR YPTOPHANARON ALFREDl SILVESTER AND FOWLER (PISCES: ANOMALOPIDAE) Patrick L. Colin, Deborah W. Arneson, and William F. Smith- Vaniz ABSTRACT The Caribbean anomalopid fish Kryptophanaron alfred; is redescribed from one specimen collected off western Puerto Rico at 200-m depth, and six specimens from Grand Cayman Island taken in 30-36 m. These specimens differ from the original description in lacking vomerine teeth and in having only two anal spines. Live specimens are now being maintained in aquaria. White scales at the bases of the second dorsal and anal fins may serve as "re- f1ectors." The species is easily distinguished from its eastern Pacific relative K. harvey; Rosenblatt and Montgomery, in having more ventral scutes (7-9 versus 13) and smaller scales (ca. 120-140 scale rows along the back vs. ca. 80). The description of Kryptophanaron alfredi by Silvester and Fowler (1926) was based on a single specimen found floating on the surface south of Kingston, Jamaica. This specimen, deposited in the Yale University fish collection, was subsequently lost and presumed destroyed during the 1930's. Interest in the bi- ology of the Anomalopidae has increased greatly during the past decade and the discovery of a second species of the genus Kryptophanaron, K. harveyi, in the Gulf of California in 1972 (Rosenblatt and Montgomery, 1976) has stimulated considerable interest in the enigmatic Caribbean member of the family. Impetus for this paper was the collection of a single specimen of K. alfredi taken in a deep fish pot west of Puerto Rico. After the original manuscript had been accepted for publication, the junior author called to our attention six spec- imens that he and several colleagues had recently collected at Grand Cayman Island. This new material together with the Puerto Rican specimen forms the basis for the redescription of the species. Subsequently a number of live specimens have been collected both in Puerto Rico and the Cayman Islands allowing behavioral observations. Kryptophanaron Silvester and Fowler Some statements given in the original description of Kryptophanaron do not agree with our specimens and are considered to be erroneous. Silvester and Fowler (1926: 246) cited the presence of villiform teeth on the vomer in the generic description, yet on the same page in the species description they stated that there were teeth on "jaws and palatine; vomer and tongue toothless." This discrepency was noted by Rosenblatt and Montgomery (1976: 512). The reference given in the generic description is an obvious error, as all our specimens lack vomerine teeth. Silvester and Fowler (1926: 246) reported 3 anal spines in both the generic and species descriptions. Our specimens possess only 2 anal spines as does Krypto- phanaron harveyi (Rosenblatt and Montgomery, 1976). The number of dorsal spines (6) in our specimens agrees with that reported by Silvester and Fowler (1926), but differs from the 5 spines reported for K. harveyi. The last spine in K. alfredi is segmented distally in some of our specimens and is very difficult to distinguish from a "soft" ray. The discrepancy in number of dorsal-fin spines 312 COLIN ET AL.: CARIBBEAN ANOMALOPID FISH 313 A B Figure I. Kryptophanaron alfredi Silvester and Fowler. A) Puerto Rican specimen (ANSP 138144, 105.6 mm SL) from 200-m depth. Negative reversed to bring specimen to normal head left orientation. Photographed shortly after collection, and white color of the scales at the base of the second dorsal fin is still apparent. B) Grand Cayman Island specimen (ANSP 136510, 64.4 mm SL) showing white scales at base of dorsal and anal fins. reported for the two species of Kryptophanaron is more apparent than real and results from differences of interpretation. A variant spelling of the generic name (Kryptophaneron) was introduced by Fowler (1944: 461) and followed by Woods and Sonoda (1973) and Rosenblatt and Montgomery (1976); in accordance with the recommendation of the Inter- national Code of Zoological Nomenclature, we here adopt the original spelling. Kryptophanaron alfredi Silvester and Fowler Figures 1-2 Anomalops sp., Dahlgren, 1908: 454-455. Kryptophanaron alfredi Silvester and Fowler, 1926; Jordan, Evermann and Clark, 1930: 234 (listed); Caldwell, 1966: 37 (listed); Marshall, 1966: 179; McCosker, 1977: 106-114, Kryptuphaneron alfredi , Fowler, 1944: 461 (listed); Woods and Sonoda, 1973: 328-330; Rosenblatt and Montgomery, 1976: 510-515, 314 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 29, NO.3, ]979 Material Examined.-ANSP 138144(1, 105.6 mm SL), 8.5 km west of buoy "8" (Tourmaline Reef) off western Puerto Rico (approximately 18°10'N; 67°27'W) in 2oo-m depth, fish trap, 10 June 1977. Evengelista Silva and Victor Padilla. ANSP 136508(1, 65.2 mm), Grand Cayman Island, southwest coast opposite Spot Bay at edge of drop-off, 30 m, 27 January 1978, 0100-0120 h, W. F. SmiIh- Vaniz and Paul Humann. ANSP 136509(I, 70.2 mm), Grand Cayman Is., West Bay, ca. 0.2 km south of Northwest Point, "Orange Canyon" at drop-off, 30.5 m, 27 January 1978, 1940-2000 h, W. F. Smith-Vaniz. ANSP 136510 (2,58.0-64.4 mm), Grand Cayman Is., West Bay, ca. 0.2 km south of Northwest Point, "Orange Canyon" at drop-off, 30-36 m, 27 January 1978, 1800-1820 h, Paul Humann and Don Kincaid. ANSP 136511 (2, 60.0--84.4 mm), Grand Cayman Is., southwest coast opposite Spot Bay at edge of drop-off, 30 m, 26 January 1978, 1800-1820 h, W. F. Smith-Vaniz and Paul Humann. Description.-Dorsal-fin rays IV-II, 14; anal-fin rays II, 10; pelvic-fin rays I, 6; pectoral-fin rays 16 or 17 (typically 16); caudal fin rays 9-11 procurrent, 10 + 9, 8-10 procurrent; branchiostegals 8, gill rakers 6 or 7 + 18-20; vertebrae 12 + 17. Morphometric and meristic characters of the recent specimens are compared with those of the lost holotype in Table 1. The Puerto Rican specimen is shown in Figure la and one Cayman Island specimen in Figure lb. Body compressed, width 2.0 in depth. Snout blunt. An- terior nostril about 4.0 in posterior. Mouth oblique, the posterior end of the maxilla reaching to the midline of the eyeball. Maxilla with large posterior su- pramaxilla covering most of its posterior one-third with a narrow process pro- jecting anteriorly along the dorsal surface of the maxilla. A small anterior supra- maxilla located on the outer surface of the maxillary ahead of the posterior supramaxilla. Premaxilla somewhat protrusible with a deep notch at the sym- physis. A projection of the lower jaw matches this notch so that a gap does not exist when the mouth is closed. Surface of preopercle slightly sculptured. Margin entire except for a few ser- rations at the angle. Opercular series sculptured with low ridges. Cleithrum sculp- tured and expanded above the pectoral fin base. Supracleithrum and posttemporal exposed. Circumorbital series and cheek covered by roughened patches, but scales may not be present. Cephalic canals of lateral line system well developed, often resembling ramose cavities covered by skin rather than tube-like canals. Subocular canal with 3 openings anteriorly through bone followed by 5 skin-covered cavities with small pores. Postorbital canal with opening on rim of orbit near tubercle. Supraorbital canal with 2 openings anteriorly, one below the nares and the second at the anterior end of a large skin-covered fossa above the nares. The preopercular canal is dorsally narrow, with 3 wide skin-covered channels on its lower one-half, particularly near the angle. The mandibular canal has 3 pores, the anterior two opening through bone and the posterior at the end of another skin-covered depres- sion. The canals of the dorsal surface of the head have no pores and are not roofed by bone. The enlarged pored lateral-line scales number 32-34. Eye large, about one-third head length. Tubercle inside posterior rim of orbit 1.5 mm in height. Prominent luminous organ below eye in orbit, attached by its anterior end. As in some other anomalopids, this organ is partially rotatable (Dahlgren, 1908). Black membrane in the lower portion of the orbit is capable of being raised to occlude the light organ when it is ventrally rotated (Fig. 2). This membrane assists in complete occlusion of the light. G. David Johnson and Rich- ard H. Rosenblatt (pers. comm.) will present a detailed description of the mech- anism of light organ occlusion in a subsequent paper now in preparation. On the premaxilla, the outer, inner and lower surfaces are paved with tiny, knoblike teeth which are expanded on the edges of the symphyseal notch. There is a band directly at the symphysis which lacks teeth. Lower teeth are similar, COLIN ET AL.: CARIBBEAN ANOMALOPID FISH 315 r-- 00 O~OO~~O~~O~~~~~~~N~N- O'\O-\O~-NN~~~-- oo~~~~~~~~N~OO~O~~~NOOO ociI.() ..0to ~ 0\ r---.: r---.: ~ - ,1 + + N '" ~~~~N~-~-N~ --- -NN ~~ ~ ::: :::Nr--r<'l OOOOONNV)--:TNON\OOONOO'\ OOO-.:::tON("I'jV)("I'j aO~o:,o\Oo\~..o g~~ti~~~~~;j~~~=:! -(".1- - I I I '<to c -...... r- '" := E -.:::t~-.:::t~M\OO~NNOO-OO~OO\OM~O~~~~-("I'jO'\V)-~~~~-- ~ "gOt ~~~OOOo\..o~~N~OO~OM~OO~~o\o\~~~~~o\~~~-J++N~ ~ ~ ~~~\OMM-~-NM --- -NN -("'.I •....• ~ ~N\O("I'j ""C 3:0< c 0< S ;>, r--O 0< NN-.:::tr--.:::tooovV)r--.:::t~oo-O'\"'-.:::t\Ooor-~r--O'\~("I'j~~~~-N ~ U'" ~~~~O~~No~~oci~~~~oci~o\ociaO..o~..o~ocioci..o~~-J++~r- ""C \O~("I'j\OM-.:::t-~-NM --- -(".1- -- - ~ _Nr-M ~ 0< Q NOMV)V)O'\O\Or-V)O'\MO£-.-OOOOr-O O~o\~No\~~oN~aO~oM~oci~ooci r-~M\OMM--.:::t-NM --- -NN :!:2 r--oo OON-.:::t-.:::tr-OOM~MOOr-ONOONOMr-Mr--OOOO~o-.:::tvr-~~~-- ~~o\~~o~~o~~ociMoM~ociMo~ocioci..o~~..oo\~~~- I++~r- OO~M\OM-.:::t-~-NM --- -(".IN - - ~ ~~\O r-- 00 \O-OOr-M("I'jOO~r-O\OV)~-.:::tNO'\ ~OO~j\O('tj'o::t -(".1\0 r ~r--- oO~ocir---:.,.;~r---: 00..0 r--.:= 'I + +'700 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~S=~~ - ::= ~N...oM '<to '<t ~~ '<t on - - r---- r-- 00 ";0 00 ,....;~l+ .2 eo+ ;; I r<'l '<t- I I , ~'-O I I :I:~00< ~--\O 316 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL.
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