DOCSLIB.ORG

The Associations Between Fishes and Luminescent Bacteria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Associations Between Fishes and Luminescent Bacteria ONE The Associations between Fishes and Luminescent Bacteria Luminescent Bacteria ­photooxidation, hydrostatic pressure and the ability to grow in nutrient poor conditions (Yetinson and Luminescent bacteria are the most common and Shilo, 1979; Shilo and Yetinson, 1979; Herring, 1982; widely distributed of all luminous organisms, typi- Al Ali et al., 2010). Luminous Vibrionacea are found cally emitting a continuous blue-green light, peak- both free living, as saprophytes, and as gut symbionts ing around 490 nm. They occur most frequently in and symbionts contained in special light organs of the marine environment but are also found in the fishes and cephalopods. Five species of luminous freshwater and terrestrial environments (Nealson ­bacteria, Aliivibrio fisheri, Photobacterium leiognathi, and Hastings, 1990; Meighen, 1991). Currently, P. kishitanii, P. mandapamensis and Photodesmus twenty-five species of luminescent bacteria, belong- katoptron, and two groups of not yet identified bacte- ing to six genera and three families, have been iden- ria associated with deep sea anglerfishes and flashlight tified. Bacteria of the genus Schewanella (fam. fishes have been so far described from fish light organs Schewanellaceae) are commonly found free living (Table 1.1). The associations of these bacteria with in the freshwater environment. Members of the fishes is discussed throughout this chapter. A shift genus Photorhabdus (fam. Enterobacteriaceae) are from one niche to another (e.g., Photobacterium terrestrial, gut endosymbionts of nematodes of the ­leiognathi shifting from the nutrient-rich esophageal genus Heterorhabditis. The genera Photobacterium, light organ of ponyfish into the fish’s gut and, subse- Vibrio, Aliivibrio and Photodesmus are all marine quently, into the water column adapting a free living members of the Vibrionaceae, an ecologically mode in a starvation/survival habitat) is typical for diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria often asso- many of these symbiotic bacteria (Nealson and ciated with marine animals (Peat and Adams, 2008; Hastings, 1990; Urbanczyk et al., 2011). Hendry and Dunlap, 2011;COPYRIGHTED Urbanczyk et al., 2011). The MATERIAL bacterial light producing reaction is Luminescent bacteria of the Vibrionaceae are ­catalyzed by the heterodimeric enzyme luciferase, found in all marine environments from the cold polar which ­consists of two similarly structured α and β seas to the warm tropics and from surface waters to subunits with molecular masses of 40 and 37 kDa, great depths. Both geographic, seasonal and depth- respectively. This enzyme oxidizes with atmos- related differences in luminescent bacterial abundance­ pheric oxygen (O2), a reduced riboflavin phos­ and species composition have been documented. phate (FMNH2) and a long chain fatty aldehyde The ­distribution patterns were ­suggested to be con- (RCHO) into an electronically excited flavin. With trolled by temperature, salt ­tolerance, ­resistance to the release of a blue-green light (490 nm), flavin Symbiosis in Fishes: The Biology of Interspecific Partnerships, First Edition. Ilan Karplus. © 2014 Ilan Karplus. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 0002073813.INDD 6 2/19/2014 3:27:15 PM The Associations between Fishes and Luminescent Bacteria 7 Table 1.1 Fish hosts and symbiotic luminescent bacteria. Host Fish Depth and Temperature Luminescent Order and Family Bacteria Species Anguilliformes Shallow? Cool? Not identified Congridae Argentiformes Deep, cold Photobacterium kishitanii Opisthoproctidae Aulopiformes Deep, cold Photobacterium kishitanii Chlorophthalmidae Gadiformes Moderate to deep, cold Photobacterium kishitanii Macrouridae Aliivibrio fisheri Gadiformes Moderate to deep, cold Photobacterium mandapamensis Merculidae Gadiformes Moderate to deep, cold Photobacterium kishitanii Moridae Photobacterium mandapamensis Lophiformes Deep, pelagic, cold Not identified 9 families Berciformes Shallow to moderate, Not identified* Anomalopidae warm to cool Berciformes Shallow to moderate, Aliivibrio fisheri Monocentridae warm to cool Berciformes Deep, cold Photobacterium kishitanii Trachichthyidae Perciformes Shallow to moderate, Photobacterium kishitanii Acropomatidae cool to cold Photobacterium leiognathi Photobacterium mandapamensis Perciformes Shallow, warm Photobacterium mandapamensis Apogonidae Perciformes Shallow to moderate, Photobacterium leiognathi Leiognathidae warm to cool Photobacteriun mandapamensis Vibrio harveyi (?) *Except for Photodesmus katoptron (Hendry and Dunlap 2011). Urbanczyk et al. 2011. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons. mononucleotide is produced together with water which probably resulted from gene duplication, since and a fatty acid (RCOOH): there is about 30% identity in the amino acid sequence between the α and β subunits of all bacte- FMNH2 + RCHO + O2 → FMN + H2O + RCOOH rial luciferases. The order of the lux CDE genes cod- + hv (490 nm) ing for the fatty acid reductase complex is the same in all operons. The lux C and lux D genes, which code A fatty acid reductase complex containing three for fatty acid reductase and acyl-transferase polypep- enzymes, a reductase, a transferase and a synthetase, tides, respectively, flank the luciferase genes upstream catalyzes the acid with water back into the fatty alde- and lux E, which code for acyl-protein synthetase hyde substrate to facilitate the continuous produc- being downstream (Figure 1.1). Downstream of lux tion of light (Nealson and Hastings, 1990; Meighen, E is located lux G which specifies flavin reductase. 1991). Structural genes coding for enzymes involved Upstream of the lux operon of Aliivibrio fisheri are in the bioluminescent reaction of bacteria are located found the genes lux I and lux R, which are involved in the lux operon (Figure 1.1). The genes lux A and in quorum sensing, as discussed later. Similar content lux B code for the α and β subunits of luciferase, of the bacterial lux genes, their organization, and 0002073813.INDD 7 2/19/2014 3:27:15 PM 8 Chapter 1 Photobacterium C D A B F E G Symbiotic Luminescent Bacteria phosphoreum in Fish Light Organs Photobacterium C D A B F G leiognathi The anatomical, physiological and behavioral Vibrio C D A B E G H harveyi ­expression of luminescence reaches its zenith in Vibrio fishes, being more diverse and complex than in any C D A B E G cholerae other group of organisms. Overall, the majority of Aliivibrio luminescent fishes produce their own light in R I C D A B E G fisheri intrinsic numerous photophores, whereas only a Shewanella minority forms symbiotic associations with lumi- R I C D A B E G hanedai nescent ­bacteria which they harbor in few light Photorhabdus C D A B E organs. Partnerships with luminous bacteria, the luminescens subject of this chapter are only formed by approxi- mately 500 species, constituting of less than 2% of all recognized fish species. However, these species Figure 1.1 Organization of the lux operons of are members of 21 families and 7 orders (Table 1.1). a variety of luminescent marine, freshwater and In contrast to the diversity of host fishes terrestrial bacteria including two light organ (Figure 1.2D, 1.2E, 1.2F), the symbiotic bacteria are symbionts. (Peat and Adams 2008. Reproduced few, relatively closely related, and found in three with permission of Springer Science+Business monophyletic groups (Figure 1.3). These bacteria Media B.V.) consist of one group of facultative symbionts of the genera Photobacterium (Figure 1.2A, 1.2B, 1.2C) homology, including those of the unculturable and Aliivibrio and two groups of not yet identified Photodesmus katoptron, support the view that bacteria apparently occurring obligatorily with ­bacterial luminescence arose apparently once flashlight fishes and deep sea anglerfishes. These (Meighen, 1991; Dunlap and Ast, 2005; Peat and symbionts were suggested to be unable to repro- Adams, 2008; Hendry and Dunlap, 2011). duce outside the fish light organs due to extreme Bacteria emit light in an energy conserving manner specialization and metabolic integration with their depending on population density, termed quorum hosts (Herring and Morin, 1978; Haygood, 1993; sensing. The bacteria release into the growth media a Urbanczyk et al., 2011). signal molecule, termed an inducer, which accumulates Light produced by bioluminescent organisms at and triggers luminescence only after a critical threshold the water surface is too dim to be functional in full concentration is crossed. Below a critical density the sunlight or moonlight. In shallow water ­lumi­nous generated light will probably not be seen by higher species of fishes are, therefore, crepuscular or organisms and is, therefore, nonbeneficial. The regula- ­nocturnally active (e.g., flashlight fishes) whereas tory mechanism of auto induction was first studied in deep water fishes (e.g., ceratioid anglerfishes) may Aliivibrio fischeri. This bacteria secrets a highly specific use light irrespective of the circadian light cycle auto inducer purified as β-ketocaproyle ­homoserine (Morin, 1981; Haygood, 1993). Luminescence in lactone. A. fischeri are usually nonluminous in sea water coastal water fishes is more often of a bacterial while free living when their concentration is usually than of an endogenous origin. This phenomenon below 102/ml. However, when a density of 107/ml is was suggested to be in some way related to the reached the inducer activates the lux R regulatory relative abundance of luminescent bacteria in gene, which in a simplistic manner acts as a specific
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Order BERYCIFORMES ANOPLOGASTRIDAE Fangtooths (Ogrefish) by J.A
    click for previous page 1178 Bony Fishes Order BERYCIFORMES ANOPLOGASTRIDAE Fangtooths (ogrefish) by J.A. Moore, Florida Atlantic University, USA iagnostic characters: Small (to about 160 mm standard length) beryciform fishes.Body short, deep, and Dcompressed, tapering to narrow peduncle. Head large (1/3 standard length). Eye smaller than snout length in adults, but larger than snout length in juveniles. Mouth very large and oblique, jaws extend be- hind eye in adults; 1 supramaxilla. Bands of villiform teeth in juveniles are replaced with large fangs on dentary and premaxilla in adults; vomer and palatines toothless. Deep sensory canals separated by ser- rated ridges; very large parietal and preopercular spines in juveniles of one species, all disappearing with age. Gill rakers as clusters of teeth on gill arch in adults (lath-like in juveniles). No true fin spines; single, long-based dorsal fin with 16 to 20 rays; anal fin very short-based with 7 to 9 soft rays; caudal fin emarginate; pectoral fins with 13 to 16 soft rays; pelvic fins with 7 soft rays. Scales small, non-overlapping, spinose, goblet-shaped in adults; lateral line an open groove partially bridged by scales; no enlarged ventral keel scutes. Colour: entirely dark brown or black in adults. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Meso- to bathypelagic, at depths of 75 to 5 000 m. Carnivores, with juveniles feeding on mainly crustaceans and adults mainly on fishes. May sometimes swim in small groups. Uncommon deep-sea fishes of no commercial importance. Remarks: The family was revised recently by Kotlyar (1986) and contains 1 genus with 2 species throughout the tropical and temperate latitudes.
    [Show full text]
  • New Insights on the Sister Lineage of Percomorph Fishes with an Anchored Hybrid Enrichment Dataset
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 110 (2017) 27–38 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev New insights on the sister lineage of percomorph fishes with an anchored hybrid enrichment dataset ⇑ Alex Dornburg a, , Jeffrey P. Townsend b,c,d, Willa Brooks a, Elizabeth Spriggs b, Ron I. Eytan e, Jon A. Moore f,g, Peter C. Wainwright h, Alan Lemmon i, Emily Moriarty Lemmon j, Thomas J. Near b,k a North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA b Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA c Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA d Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA e Marine Biology Department, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77554, USA f Florida Atlantic University, Wilkes Honors College, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA g Florida Atlantic University, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA h Department of Evolution & Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA i Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, 400 Dirac Science Library, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA j Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA k Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA article info abstract Article history: Percomorph fishes represent over 17,100 species, including several model organisms and species of eco- Received 12 April 2016 nomic importance. Despite continuous advances in the resolution of the percomorph Tree of Life, resolu- Revised 22 February 2017 tion of the sister lineage to Percomorpha remains inconsistent but restricted to a small number of Accepted 25 February 2017 candidate lineages.
    [Show full text]
  • Larvae and Juveniles of the Deepsea “Whalefishes”
    © Copyright Australian Museum, 2001 Records of the Australian Museum (2001) Vol. 53: 407–425. ISSN 0067-1975 Larvae and Juveniles of the Deepsea “Whalefishes” Barbourisia and Rondeletia (Stephanoberyciformes: Barbourisiidae, Rondeletiidae), with Comments on Family Relationships JOHN R. PAXTON,1 G. DAVID JOHNSON2 AND THOMAS TRNSKI1 1 Fish Section, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia [email protected] [email protected] 2 Fish Division, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Larvae of the deepsea “whalefishes” Barbourisia rufa (11: 3.7–14.1 mm nl/sl) and Rondeletia spp. (9: 3.5–9.7 mm sl) occur at least in the upper 200 m of the open ocean, with some specimens taken in the upper 20 m. Larvae of both families are highly precocious, with identifiable features in each by 3.7 mm. Larval Barbourisia have an elongate fourth pelvic ray with dark pigment basally, notochord flexion occurs between 6.5 and 7.5 mm sl, and by 7.5 mm sl the body is covered with small, non- imbricate scales with a central spine typical of the adult. In Rondeletia notochord flexion occurs at about 3.5 mm sl and the elongate pelvic rays 2–4 are the most strongly pigmented part of the larvae. Cycloid scales (here reported in the family for the first time) are developing by 7 mm; these scales later migrate to form a layer directly over the muscles underneath the dermis. By 7 mm sl there is a unique organ, here termed Tominaga’s organ, separate from and below the nasal rosette, developing anterior to the eye.
    [Show full text]
  • Order BERYCIFORMES ANOPLOGASTRIDAE Anoplogaster
    click for previous page 2210 Bony Fishes Order BERYCIFORMES ANOPLOGASTRIDAE Fangtooths by J.R. Paxton iagnostic characters: Small (to 16 cm) Dberyciform fishes, body short, deep, and compressed. Head large, steep; deep mu- cous cavities on top of head separated by serrated crests; very large temporal and pre- opercular spines and smaller orbital (frontal) spine in juveniles of one species, all disap- pearing with age. Eyes smaller than snout length in adults (but larger than snout length in juveniles). Mouth very large, jaws extending far behind eye in adults; one supramaxilla. Teeth as large fangs in pre- maxilla and dentary; vomer and palatine toothless. Gill rakers as gill teeth in adults (elongate, lath-like in juveniles). No fin spines; dorsal fin long based, roughly in middle of body, with 16 to 20 rays; anal fin short-based, far posterior, with 7 to 9 rays; pelvic fin abdominal in juveniles, becoming subthoracic with age, with 7 rays; pectoral fin with 13 to 16 rays. Scales small, non-overlap- ping, spinose, cup-shaped in adults; lateral line an open groove partly covered by scales. No light organs. Total vertebrae 25 to 28. Colour: brown-black in adults. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Meso- and bathypelagic. Distinctive caulolepis juvenile stage, with greatly enlarged head spines in one species. Feeding mode as carnivores on crustaceans as juveniles and on fishes as adults. Rare deepsea fishes of no commercial importance. Remarks: One genus with 2 species throughout the world ocean in tropical and temperate latitudes. The family was revised by Kotlyar (1986). Similar families occurring in the area Diretmidae: No fangs, jaw teeth small, in bands; anal fin with 18 to 24 rays.
    [Show full text]
  • Diverse Deep-Sea Anglerfishes Share a Genetically Reduced Luminous
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Diverse deep-sea anglerfishes share a genetically reduced luminous symbiont that is acquired from the environment Lydia J Baker1*, Lindsay L Freed2, Cole G Easson2,3, Jose V Lopez2, Dante´ Fenolio4, Tracey T Sutton2, Spencer V Nyholm5, Tory A Hendry1* 1Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, New York, United States; 2Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, United States; 3Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, United States; 4Center for Conservation and Research, San Antonio Zoo, San Antonio, United States; 5Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States Abstract Deep-sea anglerfishes are relatively abundant and diverse, but their luminescent bacterial symbionts remain enigmatic. The genomes of two symbiont species have qualities common to vertically transmitted, host-dependent bacteria. However, a number of traits suggest that these symbionts may be environmentally acquired. To determine how anglerfish symbionts are transmitted, we analyzed bacteria-host codivergence across six diverse anglerfish genera. Most of the anglerfish species surveyed shared a common species of symbiont. Only one other symbiont species was found, which had a specific relationship with one anglerfish species, Cryptopsaras couesii. Host and symbiont phylogenies lacked congruence, and there was no statistical support for codivergence broadly. We also recovered symbiont-specific gene sequences from water collected near hosts, suggesting environmental persistence of symbionts. Based on these results we conclude that diverse anglerfishes share symbionts that are acquired from the environment, and *For correspondence: that these bacteria have undergone extreme genome reduction although they are not vertically [email protected] (LJB); transmitted.
    [Show full text]
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
    [Show full text]
  • FAMILY Anomalopidae Gill, 1889 - Lanterneyefishes, Flashlightfishes [=Heterophthalminae] Notes: Heterophthalminae Gill, 1862K:237 [Ref
    FAMILY Anomalopidae Gill, 1889 - lanterneyefishes, flashlightfishes [=Heterophthalminae] Notes: Heterophthalminae Gill, 1862k:237 [ref. 1664] (subfamily) Heterophthalmus Bleeker [invalid, Article 39] Anomalopidae Gill, 1889b:227 [ref. 32842] (family) Anomalops [family name sometimes seen as Anomalopsidae] GENUS Anomalops Kner, 1868 - splitfin flashlightfishes, twofin flashlightfishes [=Anomalops Kner [R.], 1868:26, Heterophthalmus Bleeker [P.], 1856:42] Notes: [ref. 6074]. Masc. Anomalops graeffei Kner, 1868. Type by monotypy. Also appeared as new in Kner 1868:294 [ref. 2646]. Anomalopsis Lee, 1980 is a misspelling. •Valid as Anomalops Kner, 1868 -- (Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:109 [ref. 6441], McCosker & Rosenblatt 1987:158 [ref. 6707], Johnson & Rosenblatt 1988 [ref. 6682], Paxton et al. 1989:368 [ref. 12442], Rosenblatt & Johnson 1991:333 [ref. 19138], Kotlyar 1996:218 [ref. 23292], Paxton & Johnson 1999:2213 [ref. 24789], Paxton et al. 2006:764 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Valid as Anomalops Kner, 1868. Anomalopidae. (Heterophthalmus) [ref. 352]. Masc. Heterophthalmus katoptron Bleeker, 1856. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Heterophthalmus Blanchard, 1851 in Coleoptera, apparently not replaced. •Synonym of Anomalops Kner, 1868 -- (McCosker & Rosenblatt 1987 [ref. 6707]). Current status: Synonym of Anomalops Kner, 1868. Anomalopidae. Species Anomalops katoptron (Bleeker, 1856) - splitfin flashlightfish, twofin flashlightfish [=Heterophthalmus katoptron Bleeker [P.], 1856:43, Anomalops graeffei Kner [R.], 1868:26] Notes: [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1 (6); ref. 352] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Anomalops katoptron (Bleeker, 1856). Anomalopidae. Distribution: West Pacific: Indonesia and Philippines to Mariana and Tuamotu islands and Ryukyu Islands to Australia. Habitat: marine. (graeffei) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 58 (nos 1-2); ref.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Checklist of Marine Fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the Proposed Extension of the Portuguese Continental Shelf
    European Journal of Taxonomy 73: 1-73 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.73 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2014 · Carneiro M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9A5F217D-8E7B-448A-9CAB-2CCC9CC6F857 Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf Miguel CARNEIRO1,5, Rogélia MARTINS2,6, Monica LANDI*,3,7 & Filipe O. COSTA4,8 1,2 DIV-RP (Modelling and Management Fishery Resources Division), Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Brasilia 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3,4 CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] * corresponding author: [email protected] 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:90A98A50-327E-4648-9DCE-75709C7A2472 6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1EB6DE00-9E91-407C-B7C4-34F31F29FD88 7 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6D3AC760-77F2-4CFA-B5C7-665CB07F4CEB 8 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:48E53CF3-71C8-403C-BECD-10B20B3C15B4 Abstract. The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences.
    [Show full text]
  • FDA: "Glowing" Seafood?
    FDA: "Glowing" Seafood? http://web.archive.org/web/20080225162926/http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~ea... U.S. Food and Drug Administration Seafood Products Research Center July 1998 "GLOWING" SEAFOOD? by Patricia N. Sado* Introduction Seafood that produces a bright, blue-green light in the dark could be a meal from outer space or haute cuisine in a science fiction novel. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has received many consumer complaints about various seafood products "glowing" in the dark. Some of these consumers called their local health departments, poison control centers, and their U.S. Senator because they thought they had been poisoned by radiation. These consumers said they had trouble convincing people that their seafood was emitting light. One consumer took his imitation crabmeat to a local television station. Unfortunately his seafood had dried out and did not glow for the television reporters. Several consumers said that it took them many weeks before they found phone numbers for various government agencies to make inquiries. Several consumers thought their "glowing" seafood was due to phosphorescing phytoplankton, or even fluorescence. The consumers' seafood products "glowing" in the dark were not due to radiation or to fluorescence, which requires an ultraviolet light to trigger the reaction. These seafood products exhibited luminescence due to the presence of certain bacteria that are capable of emitting light. Luminescence by bacteria is due to a chemical reaction catalyzed by luciferase, a protein similar to that found in fireflies. The reaction involves oxidation of a reduced flavin mononucleotide and a long chain aliphatic aldehyde by molecular oxygen to produce oxidized flavin plus fatty acid and light (5, 12).
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Mediterranean)
    www.trjfas.org ISSN 1303-2712 Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11: 413-423 (2011) DOI: 10.4194/trjfas.2011.0311 Distribution of the Demersal Fishes on the Continental Shelves of the Levantine and North Aegean Seas (Eastern Mediterranean) Çetin Keskin1,*, Cemal Turan2, Deniz Ergüden2 1 Istanbul University, Faculty of Fisheries, Marine Biology Department, Ordu St. No: 200, 34470 Istanbul, Turkey. 2 Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Fisheries, Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, 31220, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey. * Corresponding Author: Tel.: +90. 212 4555700/16414; Fax: +90. 212 5140379; Received 10 December 2010 E-mail: [email protected] Accepted 28 February 2011 Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution patterns of demersal fishes on the continental shelves of the north-eastern Levantine and north-eastern Aegean seas. Fish samples were collected by bottom trawl. A total of 29 hauls were carried out, 15 hauls between 43 to 121 m depth in the north-eastern Levantine Sea and 14 hauls between 65 to 100 m depth in 2 the north-eastern Aegean Sea. The total trawled area for both region was 1.87 km . Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling were applied to identify hauls grouping. Among 114 fish species found, 84 were recorded in the north-eastern Levantine Sea and 64 in the north-eastern Aegean Sea. Fifty species were found exclusively from the north- eastern Levantine Sea, 30 species exclusively from the north-eastern Aegean Sea and 34 species were shared by the two areas. The Lessepsian migrants, Upeneus moluccensis, Equulites klunzingeri, Saurida undosquamis, and the indigenous species Pagellus erythrinus were the most common species of fish assemblage in the north-eastern Levantine Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioinvasions in the Mediterranean Sea 2 7
    Metamorphoses: Bioinvasions in the Mediterranean Sea 2 7 B. S. Galil and Menachem Goren Abstract Six hundred and eighty alien marine multicellular species have been recorded in the Mediterranean Sea, with many establishing viable populations and dispersing along its coastline. A brief history of bioinvasions research in the Mediterranean Sea is presented. Particular attention is paid to gelatinous invasive species: the temporal and spatial spread of four alien scyphozoans and two alien ctenophores is outlined. We highlight few of the dis- cernible, and sometimes dramatic, physical alterations to habitats associated with invasive aliens in the Mediterranean littoral, as well as food web interactions of alien and native fi sh. The propagule pressure driving the Erythraean invasion is powerful in the establishment and spread of alien species in the eastern and central Mediterranean. The implications of the enlargement of Suez Canal, refl ecting patterns in global trade and economy, are briefl y discussed. Keywords Alien • Vectors • Trends • Propagule pressure • Trophic levels • Jellyfi sh • Mediterranean Sea Brief History of Bioinvasion Research came suddenly with the much publicized plans of the in the Mediterranean Sea Saint- Simonians for a “Canal de jonction des deux mers” at the Isthmus of Suez. Even before the Suez Canal was fully The eminent European marine naturalists of the sixteenth excavated, the French zoologist Léon Vaillant ( 1865 ) argued century – Belon, Rondelet, Salviani, Gesner and Aldrovandi – that the breaching of the isthmus will bring about species recorded solely species native to the Mediterranean Sea, migration and mixing of faunas, and advocated what would though mercantile horizons have already expanded with be considered nowadays a ‘baseline study’.
    [Show full text]
  • The Checklist of Marine Fish Species Deposited in The, Systematic Museum, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University Between 2017-2018
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Received: 18 Feb 2019 |Accepted: 23 Sept 2019 The Checklist of Marine Fish Species Deposited in the, Systematic Museum, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University between 2017-2018 Nuray Çiftçi1*, Deniz Ayas1, Mısra Bakan1, Mert Ateş1 1Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey *e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Eleven trawling operations were carried out in Mersin Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea) between September 2017 and November 2018 as part of establishment of the museum of the Systematic and 102 species belonging to 66 families of 20 orders were identified. They were listed on the museum list (MEUFC-17-11-001-MEUFC-18-11-102). These species were preserved in 4% formalin and was deposited in the Museum of the Systematic, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University. The majority of species (~%54) belong to the order of the Perciformes. The other orders: Tetradontiformes (~%7) > Scorpaeniformes (~%5) > Mugiliformes = Pleuronectiformes = Carcharhiniformes = Myliobatiformes = Syngnathiformes = Anguilliformes = Squaliformes (~%3) > Clupeiformes = Rajiformes = Beloniformes (~%2) > Torpediniformes = Hexanchiformes = Rhinopristiformes = Squatiniformes = Zeiformes = Beryciformes = Aulopiformes (~%1). While 61% of the species are Atlanto-Mediterranean, 28 % of the species are Indo-Pacific. Few species were cosmopolitan (9%) and tropical originated species (2%). KEYWORDS: Decapod Crustaceans, International Waters, Mersin Bay, North Levant Basin, Turkey How to cite this article: Ciftci, N., Ayas, D., Bakan, M., Ates, M. (2019). The Checklist of Marine Fish Species Deposited in the, Systematic Museum, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University between 2017-2018 MedFAR., 2(3) :65-71. Çiftçi, N. et al. MedFAR(2019) 2(1) 65-71 1.Introduction biodiversity needs to be examined continuously, regularly in order to monitor the status of economic Today, biodiversity and population density of species, and to contribute to the literature.
    [Show full text]