Skinner Family Collection Finding Aid
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WISTARIAHURST MUSEUM SKINNER FAMILY COLLECTION FINDING AID SKINNER FAMILY COLLECTION FINDING AID WISTARIAHURST MUSEUM The Skinner Family Collection 1864 – 1980 211 boxes (200 linear ft.) COLLECTION REFERENCE NUMBER MS 101 The Skinner Family Collection ABSTRACT William Skinner, a prominent silk manufacturer of the early twentieth century, moved his family and business to Holyoke, MA in 1874. At the time his family consisted of 2 daughters from his first marriage to Nancy Warner, Eleanor Skinner, and Nancy Skinner; along with his second wife Sarah Elizabeth Allen Skinner, and their children, Elizabeth Allen Skinner, William Cobbett Skinner, Joseph Allen Skinner, Ruth Isabelle (Belle) Skinner and Katharine Skinner. With an unlimited source of power and inexpensive immigrant labor available in Holyoke, the silk production and textile manufacturing business grew and profits increased. William Skinner remained at the head of the firm until his death in 1902 when control was turned over to his two sons William C. and Joseph. In 1961 the Skinner family sold the business, with all their trademarks and patents, to Indian Head Mills. The William Skinner & Sons silk and satin mills were earning sales revenues in the millions of dollars and employing over 1,000 people at the time of William Skinner’s death in 1902. As manufacturer of “Skinner’s Satins” he came to be widely known, and his own success was extended philanthropically to Holyoke and its people. The family maintained a residence in Holyoke at their home, Wistariahurst, for eighty years. The Skinners donated the property to the city of Holyoke in 1959. TERMS OF ACCESS AND USE The collection is open for research. Some restrictions. Page 2 O:\WISTARIAHURST\ARCHIVES\COLLECTIONS\_FindingAids\Skinner Finding Aids\SkinnerFindingAid-Intro 12-2018.doc SKINNER FAMILY COLLECTION FINDING AID HISTORICAL NOTE William Skinner was born in London in 1824. In England, William served as his father’s apprentice and learned the trade of silk dying. In 1845, at the age of 20 1, William Skinner immigrated to the United States. Skinner arrived in Northampton, MA, one of the few areas that had an established silk industry. Skinner immediately got a job in the Valentine Dye Works. In 1848, Valentine’s business failed and Skinner went into business for himself in a dye-house adjoining the Conant Silk Mills. In 1849, Skinner married Nancy Warner. Together they had two daughters, Eleanor “Nellie” Skinner and Nancy “Nina” Skinner. In January of 1853, Skinner entered a partnership with Joseph Warner, his brother-in- law. After the death of his first wife in 1854, Skinner’s partnership with Warner dissolved and Skinner moved north to Haydenville and set up his own company, Unquomonk Silk Mills. He married Sarah Allen of Northampton and had five children that lived into adulthood. The eldest was William C. followed by Elizabeth, Joseph, Ruth Isabel “Belle” and Katharine. The years in Haydenville proved prosperous for Skinner. His mills grew, as did his fortune. The area around his mill and boarding houses became known as Skinnerville. In 1868, he had a house designed by William Fenno Pratt constructed for himself and his family. The house was of the latest fashion and symbolized Skinner’s advancement. In May 1874, the Williamsburg Reservoir Dam, which had supplied water power for Skinner’s mill and others, gave way. The ensuing flood destroyed Skinner’s mill and over 140 people lost their lives in the flood. His house, however, withstood the flood with only some minor damage. At the time of the flood, Skinner was forty-nine (almost fifty) years old. He had built a large fortune and had lost almost everything. On the verge of financial ruin, William Skinner was eager to rebuild without amassing a large debt. Luckily, Holyoke was attempting to build an industrial base and offered Skinner a prime canal site on which to rebuild his mill rent free for five years, and a portion of one square block of land on which to build his house for one dollar. Since most of his house had survived the flood, it was dismantled and brought to Holyoke. William rebuilt his factory in Holyoke. Within six months, he was again producing sewing silk used for binding men’s suits and service uniforms and then later added silk braid to production. In 1883, the company became William Skinner and Sons. William Skinner, Sr., remained at the head of the firm 1 William Skinner’s arrival in the United States on July 21, 1845, is verified in the “Manifest of Passengers” on the ship “Toronto” for the port of New York (copy in Skinner Family (file cabinet), Genealogy. Thus, he was 20 years old upon arrival and would turn 21 in November of that same year. Most printed sources, however, cite 1843 as his date of arrival and, indeed, on the 1880 federal census, 1843 was reported (either by William or another family member) as the year of his arrival; moreover, his children on their various passport applications cite 1843 as the date as well. William seems to have remembered 1843 and, clearly, that year became part of the family lore. The details vary but clearly William Skinner arrived in the United States at the port of New York at the age of 20 in 1845. The correction does not significantly alter his story; he was a young, ambitious, talented man ready to seek his fortune in New England. Page 3 O:\WISTARIAHURST\ARCHIVES\COLLECTIONS\_FindingAids\Skinner Finding Aids\SkinnerFindingAid-Intro 12-2018.doc SKINNER FAMILY COLLECTION FINDING AID until his death in 1902 and then sons William C. and Joseph took over leadership of the firm. The company that William Skinner created became the largest producer of satin linings in the world. Company products were bought in all parts of the world. “Skinner’s Satins” were known wherever silks were used. Large sales and distribution forces were located in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Chicago. As the years passed, new generations of the family kept up with the times, producing other varieties of fabric and introducing synthetic materials. Most popular among their later lines of Skinner materials was their bridal satin remembered today by many brides of the 1940s and 1950s. Silk and silk satin were the earliest fabrics and the mainstay of the business for 87 years. In 1961 the Skinner family sold the business, with all their trademarks and patents, to Indian Head Mills who closed the mills shortly after. The mill buildings were destroyed in a fire in 1980. Holyoke Heritage State Park now occupies the mill site. William Skinner and his descendants are well-known for their philanthropic gifts to social and educational institutions in western Massachusetts. William, the elder, gave money to the Holyoke YMCA, Holyoke Hospital, and to build a gymnasium at the Dwight L. Moody School in Northfield, MA. Joseph A. Skinner was a Trustee at Mount Holyoke College for 19 years in addition to serving several years as President. He donated the land and buildings that now comprise Skinner State Park.3 Belle and Katharine established the Skinner Coffee House to serve the needs of immigrants who worked in the city’s mills and factories. Belle received international attention for her work rebuilding the French village of Hattonchatel after World War I. In 1920, she was awarded the French Legion of Honor for her efforts. The Skinner family lived at Wistariahurst for two generations. The estate was named by the family in 1901, for the wisteria vines draping the mansion that Sarah planted in the late 1880s. Over the years there have been many changes and additions. In 1913, the Conservatory and Music Hall were built to house Belle Skinner’s collection of musical instruments. In 1927 when the Marble Lobby and Main Hall were added, the entrance to the home was changed to Beech Street. The two lions at the Cabot Street entrance were purchased by Mrs. William Skinner in Rome in the 1880s and installed at the original main entrance at 247 Pine Street. In 1927 Belle Skinner had them moved to Cabot Street as part of the 1927 addition. The house was deeded to the City of Holyoke in June 1959 by Katharine Skinner Kilborne, the youngest daughter of William and Sarah Skinner, and her three children, for cultural and educational purposes. Wistariahurst became the quarters of the Holyoke Museum in April 1960. The museum has evolved over time to become an historic house museum that tells the story of the history of Holyoke and her inhabitants, including the Skinner family. Wistariahurst is a Department of the City of Holyoke supported by Historic Holyoke at Wistariahurst, Inc., and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Page 4 O:\WISTARIAHURST\ARCHIVES\COLLECTIONS\_FindingAids\Skinner Finding Aids\SkinnerFindingAid-Intro 12-2018.doc SKINNER FAMILY COLLECTION FINDING AID SCOPE AND CONTENTS OF THE COLLECTION The Skinner Family Collection consists primarily of material dating between 1860 and 1960. The collection includes family correspondence; maps, blueprints and architectural drawings of homes and other buildings owned by the Skinners; as well as scrapbooks, photos, clothing and memorabilia of the family. It also contains products and ledgers from William Skinner & Sons Manufacturing, the business which the family sold in 1961. The first large component of this collection is comprised of family correspondence. The correspondence included in the collection is primarily between William Skinner, his wife Sarah Allen Skinner, and his children Eleanor “Nellie” Skinner, Elizabeth Skinner Hubbard, William C. Skinner, Joseph Allen Skinner, Ruth Isabel “Belle” Skinner, and Katharine Skinner Kilborne. There is also a large sampling of correspondence from Katharine’s husband Robert Stewart Kilborne, and their descendents Barbara Briggs Kilborne, Elizabeth Kilborne Hudnut, and George Briggs Kilborne.