DOCSLIB.ORG

The Act of Social Justice in Its Four Causes 194 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Act of Social Justice in Its Four Causes 194 1 7<4e Act aj Social ffuitice Rev. William Ferree, S.M., Ph.D. S o cia l Rev. William Ferree, S.M., Ph.D. An Analysis of the Thomistic Concept of Legal Justice, with special reference to the doctrine of Social Justice proposed by His Holiness Pope Pius XI in his Encyclicals Quadragesi- mo Anno and Divini Redemptoris, to determine the precise nature of the Act of this virtue. / IMPRIMI POTEST: W alter C. T redtin, S.M. -Superior Provindalis NIHIL OBSTAT: iGNATitJs S m it h , O.P., Ph. D. ‘s.?r J Censor Deputatus “ IMPRIMATUR: •^Mich ael J. C urley, S.T.D. Archiepiscopus Baltimorensis Copyright, 1943 Multilithed by Marianist Publications Mount Saint John Dayton, Ohio 1951 PIO UNDECIMO MAGNO TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 1 CHAPTERS I. S t. T hom as’ A n alysis of L egal Justice . 9 The Doctrine of Aristotle ............................ 10 The Transition to the Doctrine of St. Thomas 19 II. Is there such a thing as an Immediate and P roper A ct of L egal Justice? ...................... 36 Did St. Thomas exclude the possibility? .... 42 What is the Immediate and Proper Act? .. 63 III. T he M odern S ocial Justice is L egal J ustice .... 79 The History of the Modem Term .................... 83 The Doctrine of Pius XI ............................ 91 IV. T he C ompleted T heory of S ocial J ustice .. 142 How did St. Thomas Overlook the Role of the Institution in Social Justice?.......................... 146 Institutions or Social Habits 159 The Significance of Social Habits or Institutions 179 V. Conclusion .. 193 The Act of Social Justice in its Four Causes 194 1. The Efficient Cause ............................. 194 2. The Material C a u s e ................... .. .. 202 3. The Formal and Final Causes .. 205 A ppendixes 212 A. On the Side of the Angels ........................... 212 B. “The Pastoral Theology of another day is now no longer enough.”—Pius XI . 218 B ibliography .... 235 PREFACE The traditional discussion of Social Justice, which is now generally recognized as identical with the Thomistic “Gen­ eral” or “Legal” Justice, has been limited very largely to the examination of the formal object of the virtue: the direct procuring of the common good. As to the material object, the treatment has been sketchy, since it appears to be rather idle to go into detail concerning a material object which embraces every act of virtue which can be referred to the common good. Most moralists and philosophers have there­ fore been content to let their whole treatise on the moral virtues stand im plicitly as the development of their doctrine on the material object of the virtue of legal or social justice. The same sketchiness has attended the discussion of the act of social justice. Beyond calling special attention to the acts of making and obeying laws, performing such public acts as voting, and having the intention of furthering the common good in one’s acts of particular virtue, little analysis has been attempted. In the face of the great and ever growing social disorder of the last century, the further analysis of both the material object and the act of social justice became an urgent ne­ cessity. The term “social justice” was invented by a sort of common consent since the older term “legal justice” had suf­ fered almost total eclipse in the six centuries of mere repeti­ tion that had elapsed since St. Thomas Aquinas borrowed the term from Aristotle and built around it a coherent doc­ trine. The many efforts, most of them very tentative, to define and further develop the concept of social justice attained what appears to be definitive success in the two Encyclicals of Pius XI, Quadragesimo Anno and Divini Redemptoris. It is now possible to integrate the seven-hundred-years- old analysis of the Angelic Doctor with this modern develop­ ment; a task to which philosophers are urged (in Quadra- 1 2 Preface gesimo Anno) by the author himself of the modem develop­ ment: 48. That justice called commutative commands sacred respect for the division of possessions and forbids invasion of others’ rights through the ex­ ceeding of the limits of one’s own property; but the duty of owners to use their property only in the right way does not come under this type of justice, but under other virtues, obligations of which cannot be enforced by legal action. 49. Those, therefore, are doing a work that is truly salutary and worthy of all praise who, while preserv­ ing harmony among themselves, and preserving the integrity of the traditional teaching of the Church, seek to define the inner nature of these duties and their limits whereby either the right of property itself, or its use, that is the exercise of ownership, is circumscribed by the necessities of social living.(1)- To this should be added the observations of the most famous of the commentators of the Encyclical Quadragesimo Anno, Oswald von Nell-Breuning, S.J.: The Encyclical Quadragesimo Anno has finally and definitely established, theoretically canonized, so to speak, social justice. Now it is our duty thoroughly to study this concept, .according to the strict re­ quirements of scientific theology, and to give it its proper place in the structure of the Christian doc­ trine of virtue on the one hand, and in the doctrine of right and justice on the other. Much remains to be done in this respect in spite of valuable contribu­ tions already made.(2) It is easy to miss the significance of these exhortations to further analysis and research. Most investigators who dis­ cover that the new word “social justice” simply names the long-neglected Thomistic “legal justice,” have been content to investigate carefully the Thomistic texts themselves for the development of the complete doctrine. One of the best Prejace 3 studies of this nature is that of Hyacinthus M. Hering in the Angelicum.(s) But to follow this course is to disregard an important in­ dication of the status quaestionis left by St. Thomas himself. When he wanted to leave a question open for further analy­ sis and research, he rather consistently indicated this by proposing his own as yet incomplete doctrine in a sort of figurative way, making liberal use of the particles quasi and tamquam, and of the indefinite adjectives, and employing synonymous expressions to illustrate different aspects of the question he was not yet prepared to settle. A celebrated ex­ ample of this is the Vis cogitative. “which is said by some” to be particular reason (4) and proceeds per “quamdam” col- lationem (5) “quasi” syllogistice inquirendo praeteritorum me- moriam (5) per “aliquant” affinitatem et propinquitatem ad rationem universalem, secundum “quamdam” refluentiam.^ This studious choice of figurative language is perhaps no­ where employed more consistently by St. Thomas than in those places where he must touch on the act of legal justice: Est in principe principaliter et “ quasi architectonice”; in sub- ditis autem secundaria et “quasi administrative.” (7) In prin­ cipe quidem est “sicut” virtus architectonica, “quasi imper- ans et praecxpiens” quod, justum est; in subditis autem est “tamquam” virtus “executiva et ministrans” w Such expres­ sions are a standing invitation to further research; and where St. Thomas uses them consistently, such research will have to be undertaken outside the letter of his text. Other investigators do indeed go beyond the letter of the text, but only to set up intermediate objectives by which the common good is to be attained. One of the most repre­ sentative examples of this procedure is Merkelbach’s treat­ ment of the “ Objectum materiale justitiae legalis magis spe- ciatim spectatum in necessitatibus hodiemis.” Following the Encyclical Rerum Novarum he lists the following objectives: “morum probitas,— recte atque ordine constitutae jamiliae,— custodia religionis — ac justitiae, — onerum publicorum cum moderata irrogatio turn aequa partitio,— incrementa artium 4 Preface et mercaturae — florens agrorum cultura” w Such subjects are really a more detailed consideration rather of the formal object than of the material; for they are ends of action—inter­ mediate, it is true, but still in the same final relation to the actions as “the common good” itself, which is their ultimate end. From the development of such intermediate ends we learn nothing new concerning “the inner nature of these du­ ties and their limits” (1) which is the real task pointed out to philosophers by the Holy Father. Even when this need for a new development has been discovered and explicitly pointed out, it is still possible for a serious student of social justice to leave the real problem untouched. Thus, in a sort of epilogue to his very good his­ torical study of the meaning of the term “social justice,” Dr. Leo W. Shields takes care to point out where the real prob­ lem lies: We have seen that the notion that social justice is an extremely ambiguous term is founded on the fact, not that it is used with too many different meanings, but that i‘ is commonly and primarily used to mean something that is not very well understood. The remedy for this condition is a wider and sounder understanding of the precise nature of the end, obli­ gations, and acts of the general justice with which social justice must be identified.(10) (Italics added) At the very end of his study, Dr. Shields has occasion to set forth briefly his own idea of what should be the precise nature of the obligations and acts which he had indicated thus as the most important question of study. Evidently no great development could be expected in what is after all only an epilogue to his real object of research (the history of the term); yet it is certainly legitimate to call attention to his answer as an example of how even those who correctly state the problem can fail to treat it: How is it (social justice) to be revealed in prac­ tice? In a democracy every voter, far more every influential person, has to have social justice prin­ Preface 5 cipally, as a ruler.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kornberg on Godman, 'Hitler and the Vatican: Inside the Secret Archives That Reveal the New Story of the Nazis and the Church'
    H-German Kornberg on Godman, 'Hitler and the Vatican: Inside the Secret Archives that Reveal the New Story of the Nazis and the Church' Review published on Saturday, October 1, 2005 Peter Godman. Hitler and the Vatican: Inside the Secret Archives that Reveal the New Story of the Nazis and the Church. New York: Free Press, 2004. xvi + 282 pp. $27.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-7432-4597-5. Reviewed by Jacques Kornberg (Department of History, University of Toronto)Published on H- German (October, 2005) The Vatican and National Socialism: Between Criticism and Conciliation Peter Godman of the University of Rome, a scholar who has studied the Catholic Church, was one of the first people granted permission to mine the recently opened archives of the Supreme Congregation of the Holy Office for the pontificate of Pius XI (1922-39). In keeping with the times, the Holy Office currently bears the less forbidding name of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith; it was once known as the Universal Inquisition. Headed by bishops and cardinals, the Congregation pronounces on doctrine in matters of faith and morals. Godman contrasts his own "behind the scenes" view based on a close reading of the Holy Office documents, with the "hot air of speculation" hanging over the works of John Cornwell and Daniel Goldhagen. There is some truth to his claim, but he sets expectations too high when he professes to open a window into "the thoughts and motives" of those who made policy (p. xv). All we have of Pius XI and his Secretary of State, Cardinal Pacelli, are office memos, public statements, protocols of meetings, reports of papal audiences, and letters to bishops; we will always have to stake out some educated guesses about their thoughts and motives.
    [Show full text]
  • Distributism Debate
    The Distributism Debate The Distributism Debate Dane J. Weber Donald P. Goodman III Eds. GP Goretti Publications Dozenal numeration is a system of thinking of numbers in twelves, rather than tens. Twelve is much more versatile, having four even divisors—2, 3, 4, and 6—as opposed to only two for ten. This means that such hatefulness as “0.333. ” for 1/3 and “0.1666. ” for 1/6 are things of the past, replaced by easy “0;4” (four twelfths) and “0;2” (two twelfths). In dozenal, counting goes “one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, elv, dozen; dozen one, dozen two, dozen three, dozen four, dozen five, dozen six, dozen seven, dozen eight, dozen nine, dozen ten, dozen elv, two dozen, two dozen one. ” It’s written as such: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, X, E, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 1X, 1E, 20, 21... Dozenal counting is at once much more efficient and much easier than decimal counting, and takes only a little bit of time to get used to. Further information can be had from the dozenal societies (http:// www.dozenal.org), as well as in many other places on the Internet. © 2006 (11E2) Dane J. Weber and Donald P. Goodman III, Version 3.0. All rights reserved. This document may be copied and distributed freely, provided that it is done in its entirety, including this copyright page, and is not modified in any way. Goretti Publications http://gorpub.freeshell.org [email protected] No copyright on this work is intended to in any way derogate from the copyright holders of any individual part of this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Flannery Kevin L., S.J
    17_Flannery OK(Gabri)F.qxd:1.Prima Parte 22-08-2007 10:23 Pagina 64 64 YEARBOOK 2004 Flannery Kevin L., S.J. Date and place of birth: 12 August 1950, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Priestly Ordination: 6 June 1987; final vows in the Society of Jesus, 6 June 1999 Appointment to the Academy: 21 February 2004 Scientific discipline: The history of ancient philosophy, ethics Titles: Professor of Philosophy (since 1992); Consultor of the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (since 2002) Flannery Academic background Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), English Literature, Ohio State University (Columbus, Ohio), 1972; Master of Arts (M.A.), Anglo-Irish Studies, University College Dublin (Dublin, Ireland), 1974; Master of Arts (M.A.), Philosophy, Politics and Economics (specialization in general philoso- phy and political philosophy), University of Oxford, 1983; Master of Divinity (M.Div.), Weston School of Theology (Cambridge, Massachusetts), 1987; License in Sacred Theology (S.T.L.), Patristics, Weston School of Theology (Cambridge, Massachusetts), 1989; Doctor of Philosophy (D.Phil.), dissertation: ‘The logic of Alexander of Aphrodisias’, University of Oxford, 1992. Academic positions Professor of the History of Ancient Philosophy at the Pontifical Gregorian University, September 1992 until the present; Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy at the Pontifical Gregorian University, September 1999 to June 2005; Mary Ann Remick Senior Visiting Fellow at the University of Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture, 2006-2007; Visiting Scholar, Centre for Philosophical Psychology, Blackfriars, Oxford, Trinity Term, 2007. Summary of scientific research The ethics of Aristotle, with special emphasis on action theory; ancient logic; the ethics of Thomas Aquinas.
    [Show full text]
  • Father Włodzimierz Ledóchowski (1866–1942): Driving Force Behind Papal Anti-Communism During the Interwar Period
    journal of jesuit studies 5 (2018) 54-70 brill.com/jjs Father Włodzimierz Ledóchowski (1866–1942): Driving Force behind Papal Anti-Communism during the Interwar Period Philippe Chenaux Pontifical Lateran University [email protected] Abstract Włodzimierz Ledóchowski, superior general of the Society of Jesus, wielded great in- fluence in the battle against Communism. His belief that there was a link of some degree between Jews and Communism, his work to establish a secretariat in Rome to counter atheistic Communism, and his influence in the development of the papal encyclical, Divini redemptoris, are explored in this article. Convinced that the Russian Revolution was a satanic force out to eradicate Christian society, Ledóchowski made it his life’s work to expose the lies and threats of Bolshevism, culminating in his pen- ultimate Congregation (in 1938) where the superior general discussed techniques that could be used to combat the spread of Communism. Keywords Communism – Bolshevism – anti-Semitism – Jesuit superior general – Włodzimierz Ledóchowski – Divini redemptoris Father Włodzimierz Ledóchowski (1866–1942), elected twenty-sixth supe- rior general of the Jesuits on February 11, 1915, was undoubtedly a key, and controversial, figure in the modern history of the Society of Jesus.1 He was 1 As no true biography exists, please refer to Giacomo Martina’s biographical notes: “Ledóchowski (Wlodimir), général de la Compagnie de Jésus (1866–1942),” in Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques, ed. Roger Aubert and Luc Courtois, Fascicule 180: Le Couëdic-Le Hunsec (Paris: Letouzey & Ané, 2010), 54–62, and biographical information by © chenaux, 2018 | doi 10.1163/22141332-00501004 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY-NC license at the time of publication.
    [Show full text]
  • BA Santamaria
    B. A. Santamaria: 'A True Believer'? Brian Costar and Paul Strangio* By revisiting the existing scholarship deeding with Santamaria's career and legacy, as well as his own writings, this article explores the apparent tension between the standard historical view that Santamaria attempted to impose an essentially 'alien philosophy' on the Labor Party, and the proposition articulated upon his death that he moved in a similar ideological orbit to the traditions of the Australian labour movement. It concludes that, while there were occasional points of ideological intersection between Santamaria and Australian laborism, his inability to transcend the particular religious imperatives which underpinned his thought and action rendered'him incompatible with that movement. It is equally misleading to locate him in the Catholic tradition. Instead, the key to unlocking his motives and behaviour was that he was a Catholic anti-Modernist opposed not only to materialist atheism but also to religious and political liberalism. It is in this sense that he was 'alien'both to labor ism, the majorityofthe Australian Catholic laity and much of the clergy. It is now over six years since Bartholomew Augustine 'Bob' Santamaria died on Ash Wednesday 25 February 1998—enough time to allow for measured assessments of his legacy. This article begins by examining the initial reaction to his death, especially the eagerness of many typically associated with the political Left in Australia rushing to grant Santamaria a kind of posthumous pardon. Absolving him of his political sins may have been one thing; more surprising was the readiness to ideologically embrace the late Santamaria. The suggestion came from some quarters, and received tacit acceptance in others, that he had moved in a similar ideological orbit to the traditions of the Australian labour movement Such a notion sits awkwardly with the standard historical view that Santamaria had attempted to impose an essentially 'alien philosophy* on the Labor Party, thus explaining why his impact on labour politics proved so combustible.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/26/2021 06:48:04PM Via Free Access
    journal of jesuit studies 5 (2018) 54-70 brill.com/jjs Father Włodzimierz Ledóchowski (1866–1942): Driving Force behind Papal Anti-Communism during the Interwar Period Philippe Chenaux Pontifical Lateran University [email protected] Abstract Włodzimierz Ledóchowski, superior general of the Society of Jesus, wielded great in- fluence in the battle against Communism. His belief that there was a link of some degree between Jews and Communism, his work to establish a secretariat in Rome to counter atheistic Communism, and his influence in the development of the papal encyclical, Divini redemptoris, are explored in this article. Convinced that the Russian Revolution was a satanic force out to eradicate Christian society, Ledóchowski made it his life’s work to expose the lies and threats of Bolshevism, culminating in his pen- ultimate Congregation (in 1938) where the superior general discussed techniques that could be used to combat the spread of Communism. Keywords Communism – Bolshevism – anti-Semitism – Jesuit superior general – Włodzimierz Ledóchowski – Divini redemptoris Father Włodzimierz Ledóchowski (1866–1942), elected twenty-sixth supe- rior general of the Jesuits on February 11, 1915, was undoubtedly a key, and controversial, figure in the modern history of the Society of Jesus.1 He was 1 As no true biography exists, please refer to Giacomo Martina’s biographical notes: “Ledóchowski (Wlodimir), général de la Compagnie de Jésus (1866–1942),” in Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques, ed. Roger Aubert and Luc Courtois, Fascicule 180: Le Couëdic-Le Hunsec (Paris: Letouzey & Ané, 2010), 54–62, and biographical information by © chenaux, 2018 | doi 10.1163/22141332-00501004 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY-NC license at the time of publication.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Is “Social Justice” Justice? a Thomistic Argument For
    ABSTRACT Is “Social Justice” Justice? A Thomistic Argument for “Social Persons” as the Proper Subjects of the Virtue of Social Justice John R. Lee, Ph.D. Mentor: Francis J. Beckwith, Ph.D. The term “social justice,” as it occurs in the Catholic social encyclical tradition, presents a core, definitional problem. According to Catholic social thought, social justice has social institutions as its subjects. However, in the Thomistic tradition, justice is understood to be a virtue, i.e., a human habit with human persons as subjects. Thus, with its non-personal subjects, social justice would seem not to be a virtue, and thus not to be a true form of justice. We offer a solution to this problem, based on the idea of social personhood. Drawing from the Thomistic understanding of “person” as a being “distinct in a rational nature”, it is argued that certain social institutions—those with a unity of order—are capable of meeting Aquinas’ analogical definition of personhood. Thus, social institutions with a unity of order—i.e., societies —are understood to be “social persons” and thus the proper subjects of virtue, including the virtue of justice. After a review of alternative conceptions, it is argued that “social justice” in the Catholic social encyclical tradition is best understood as general justice (justice directed toward the common good) extended to include not only human persons, but social persons as well. Advantages of this conception are highlighted. Metaphysically, an understanding of social justice as exercised by social persons fits nicely with an understanding of society as non-substantial, but subsistent being.
    [Show full text]
  • VENERABLE POPE PIUS XII and the 1954 MARIAN YEAR: a STUDY of HIS WRITINGS WITHIN the CONTEXT of the MARIAN DEVOTION and MARIOLOGY in the 1950S
    INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON, OHIO In affiliation with the PONTIFICAL FACULTY OF THEOLOGY "MARIANUM" The Very Rev. Canon Matthew Rocco Mauriello VENERABLE POPE PIUS XII AND THE 1954 MARIAN YEAR: A STUDY OF HIS WRITINGS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE MARIAN DEVOTION AND MARIOLOGY IN THE 1950s A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Licentiate of Sacred Theology with Specialization in Mariology Director: The Rev. Thomas A. Thompson, S.M. Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute University ofDayton 300 College Park Dayton OH 45469-1390 2010 To The Blessed Virgin Mary, with filial love and deep gratitude for her maternal protection in my priesthood and studies. MATER MEA, FIDUCIA MEA! My Mother, my Confidence ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My sincerest gratitude to all who have helped me by their prayers and support during this project: To my parents, Anthony and Susan Mauriello and my family for their encouragement and support throughout my studies. To the Rev. Thomas Thompson, S.M. and the Rev. Johann Roten, S.M. of the International Marian Research Institute for their guidance. To the Rev. James Manning and the staff and people of St. Albert the Great Parish in Kettering, Ohio for their hospitality. To all the friends and parishioners who have prayed for me and in particular for perseverance in this project. iii Goal of the Research The year 1954 was very significant in the history of devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary. A Marian Year was proclaimed by Pope Pius XII by means of the 1 encyclical Fulgens Corona , dated September 8, 1953.
    [Show full text]
  • Download- Ed From: Books at JSTOR, EBSCO, Hathi Trust, Internet Archive, OAPEN, Project MUSE, and Many Other Open Repositories
    ’ Series editor: John C. Seitz, Associate Professor, Theology Department, Fordham University; Associate Director for Lincoln Center, Curran Center for American Catholic Studies This series aims to contribute to the growing eld of Catholic studies through the publication of books devoted to the historical and cultural study of Catholic practice in North America, from the colonial period to the present. As the term “practice” suggests, the series springs from a pressing need in the study of American Catholicism for empirical investigations and creative explorations and analyses of the contours of Catholic experience. In seeking to provide more comprehensive maps of Catholic practice, this series is committed to publishing works from diverse American locales, including urban, suburban, and rural settings; ethnic, postethnic, and transnational contexts; private and public sites; and seats of power as well as the margins. Series advisory board: Emma Anderson, Ottawa University Paul Contino, Pepperdine University Kathleen Sprows Cummings, University of Notre Dame James T. Fisher, Fordham University (Emeritus) Paul Mariani, Boston College Thomas A. Tweed, University of Notre Dame Map of the Upper Mississippi and Ohio River valleys, ca. Inventing America’s First Immigration Crisis Political Nativism in the Antebellum West Luke Ritter : Edward Weber & Co. Map shewing the connection of the Baltimore and Ohio-Rail-Road with other rail roads executed or in progress throughout the United States. [Baltimore Lith. of Ed. Weber & Co. –?, ] Map. https://www.loc.gov/item/gm /. Copyright © Fordham University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • July-Aug-Sept 2017
    THE GREEN ISSUE: LABOR AND ENVIRONMENT FEATURES As I See It / George Tedeschi ....... 2 Outlook / James Hoffa ............. 2 Managing Editor’s Note / Fred Bruning .. 3 Commentary / Jim Hightower ....... 3 Point of View / Robert Reich........ 6 Bottom Line / Jerry Morgan ........ 7 Volume 35 Number 3 The Newspaper of the Graphic Communications Conference / IBT ❘ www.gciu.org ❘ July-Aug.-Sept. 2017 Guest Spot / Joe Uehlein .......... 7 WPA Stamps 3-N’s Big ‘Right Wing Hail Nation’s Victories Won’t Destroy Resilience at Small Unions’ Shops PAGE 4 PAGE 10 PAGE 10 TOP STORY Solidarity in the Struggle to Save Planet Earth By Fred Bruning Graphic Communicator NEW YORK CITY, TEAMSTERS ARE WORKING WITH A LABOR JUSTICE GROUP TO “The world is moving on whether we like it or not,” said long-time labor leader Joe reduce pollution and protect private sanitation workers. The United Steelworkers back Uehlein, founding president of the Labor Network for Sustainability. “We’re better development of wind power and support clean energy legislation. A contingent from being part of it than fighting it.” the Service Employees International Union joined the massive April climate demonstra- Uehlein, former director of the AFL-CIO Center for Strategic Campaigns and a tion in Washington, D. C. “We march because our families, our health, and our future member of the United Nations commission on global warming from 1988-2003, said depend on it,” said Mary Kay Henry, SEIU international president. he understood why labor leaders put top priority on keeping members employed. Though occasional disagreement between environmental activists and job-seeking When President Donald Trump earlier this year revived the controversial Keystone union officials is inevitable, the two camps increasingly find themselves united by com- XL and Dakota Access pipeline projects, environmentalists howled but many union mitment to working Americans and concern for the survival of the planet they both share.
    [Show full text]
  • JOHN HUGO and an AMERICAN CATHOLIC THEOLOGY of NATURE and GRACE Dissertation Submitted to the College of Arts and Sciences of Th
    JOHN HUGO AND AN AMERICAN CATHOLIC THEOLOGY OF NATURE AND GRACE Dissertation Submitted to The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Benjamin T. Peters UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio May, 2011 JOHN HUGO AND AN AMERICAN CATHOLIC THEOLOGY OF NATURE AND GRACE Name: Peters, Benjamin Approved by: ________________________________________________________________ William Portier, Ph.D. Faculty Advisor _______________________________________________________________ Dennis Doyle, Ph.D. Faculty Reader ______________________________________________________________ Kelly Johnson, Ph.D. Faculty Reader _____________________________________________________________ Sandra Yocum, Ph.D. Faculty Reader _____________________________________________________________ Michael Baxter, Ph.D. Outside Faculty Reader _____________________________________________________________ Sandra Yocum, Ph.D. Chairperson ii © Copyright by Benjamin Tyler Peters All right reserved 2011 iii ABSTRACT JOHN HUGO AND AN AMERICAN CATHOLIC THEOLOGY OF NATURE AND GRACE Name: Peters, Benjamin Tyler University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. William L. Portier This dissertation examines the theological work of John Hugo by looking at its roots within the history of Ignatian spirituality, as well as within various nature-grace debates in Christian history. It also attempts to situate Hugo within the historical context of early twentieth-century Catholicism and America, particularly the period surrounding the Second World War. John Hugo (1911-1985) was a priest from Pittsburgh who is perhaps best known as Dorothy Day‟s spiritual director and leader of “the retreat” she memorialized in The Long Loneliness. Throughout much of American Catholic scholarship, Hugo‟s theology has been depicted as rigorist and even labeled as Jansenist, yet it was embraced by and had a great influence upon Day and many others.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumers, Class, and the Spatial Reorientation of an Industrial City Jonathan Haeber University of Massachusetts Amherst
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 2013 From Main to High: Consumers, Class, and the Spatial Reorientation of an Industrial City Jonathan Haeber University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Part of the Cultural History Commons, Other History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Haeber, Jonathan, "From Main to High: Consumers, Class, and the Spatial Reorientation of an Industrial City" (2013). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 1043. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1043 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FROM MAIN TO HIGH: CONSUMERS, CLASS, AND THE SPATIAL REORIENTATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL CITY A Thesis Presented by Jonathan Haeber Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2013 Department of History FROM MAIN TO HIGH: CONSUMERS, CLASS, AND THE SPATIAL REORIENTATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL CITY A Thesis Presented by Jonathan Haeber Approved as to style and content by: _______________________________________ David Glassberg, Chair _______________________________________ Frank Couvares, Member _______________________________________ Ethan Carr, Member ____________________________________ Joye Boyman, Department Head Department of History DEDICATION For Mom and Dad. And for Holyoke. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My research would not have been possible without the help of countless individuals in Holyoke and beyond. Penni Martorell, archivist at Wistariahurst was an enthusiastic supporter of my always evolving thesis ideas.
    [Show full text]