RESEARCH ARTICLE Evolutionary routes to biochemical innovation revealed by integrative analysis of a plant-defense related specialized metabolic pathway Gaurav D Moghe1†, Bryan J Leong1,2, Steven M Hurney1,3, A Daniel Jones1,3, Robert L Last1,2* 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States; 2Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States; 3Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States Abstract The diversity of life on Earth is a result of continual innovations in molecular networks influencing morphology and physiology. Plant specialized metabolism produces hundreds of thousands of compounds, offering striking examples of these innovations. To understand how this novelty is generated, we investigated the evolution of the Solanaceae family-specific, trichome- localized acylsugar biosynthetic pathway using a combination of mass spectrometry, RNA-seq, enzyme assays, RNAi and phylogenomics in different non-model species. Our results reveal hundreds of acylsugars produced across the Solanaceae family and even within a single plant, built on simple sugar cores. The relatively short biosynthetic pathway experienced repeated cycles of *For correspondence:
[email protected] innovation over the last 100 million years that include gene duplication and divergence, gene loss, evolution of substrate preference and promiscuity. This study provides mechanistic insights into the † Present address: Section of emergence of plant chemical novelty, and offers a template for investigating the ~300,000 non- Plant Biology, School of model plant species that remain underexplored. Integrative Plant Sciences, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28468.001 Cornell University, Ithaca, United States Competing interests: The authors declare that no Introduction competing interests exist.