Oliwia Piksa

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Oliwia Piksa Strona | 1 Spis treści Spis ilustracji ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Podstawowe pojęcia ........................................................................................................................... 4 MOST ................................................................................................................................................... 4 RODZAJE MOSTÓW ............................................................................................................................. 5 2. Mosty w Ameryce Południowej ......................................................................................................... 6 OCTAVIO FRIAS DE OLIVEIRA BRIDGE.................................................................................................. 6 LAGUNA GARZON BRIDGE ................................................................................................................... 7 3. Mosty w Ameryce Północnej .............................................................................................................. 8 GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE ........................................................................................................................ 8 SUNSHINE SKYWAY BRIDGE ................................................................................................................ 9 4. Mosty w Australii .............................................................................................................................. 10 HARBOUR BRIDGE ............................................................................................................................. 10 KURILPA BRIDGE ................................................................................................................................ 11 5. Mosty w Azji ...................................................................................................................................... 12 ESHIMA OHASHI BRIDGE ................................................................................................................... 12 TIANJIN EYE BRIDGE .......................................................................................................................... 13 KHAJU BRIDGE ................................................................................................................................... 14 HENDERSON WAVES BRIDGE ............................................................................................................ 16 6. Mosty w Europie ............................................................................................................................... 17 ORESUND BRIDGE .............................................................................................................................. 17 TOWER BRIDGE ................................................................................................................................. 19 CURLING BRIDGE ............................................................................................................................... 21 ATLANTIC OCEAN ROAD .................................................................................................................... 23 MOST ŚW. ANIOŁA ............................................................................................................................ 26 HELIX BRIDGE..................................................................................................................................... 27 MASLENICA BRIDGE........................................................................................................................... 29 MOSES BRIDGE .................................................................................................................................. 30 Spis indeksów ....................................................................................................................................... 31 Łącza do rozdziałów .............................................................................................................................. 32 Biografia ................................................................................................................................................ 32 Strona | 2 Spis ilustracji Rysunek 1 konstrukcje mostów ......................................................................................... 5 Rysunek 2 Octavio Frias De Oliveira Bridge ........................................................................ 6 Rysunek 3 Laguna Garzon Bridge ...................................................................................... 7 Rysunek 4 Golden Gate Bridge .......................................................................................... 8 Rysunek 5 Sunshine Skyway Bridge ................................................................................... 9 Rysunek 6 Harbour Bridge ............................................................................................... 10 Rysunek 7 Kurilpa Bridge ................................................................................................ 11 Rysunek 8 Eshima Ohashi Bridge ..................................................................................... 12 Rysunek 9 Tianjin Eye Bridge ........................................................................................... 13 Rysunek 10 Khaju Bridge ................................................................................................. 14 Rysunek 11 Khaju Bridge ................................................................................................. 15 Rysunek 12 Henderson Waves Bridge .............................................................................. 16 Rysunek 13 Oresund Bridge ............................................................................................. 17 Rysunek 14 Oresund Bridge ............................................................................................. 18 Rysunek 15 Tower Bridge ................................................................................................ 19 Rysunek 16 Tower Bridge ................................................................................................ 20 Rysunek 17 Curling Bridge ............................................................................................... 21 Rysunek 18 Curling Bridge ............................................................................................... 22 Rysunek 19 Atlantic Ocean Road ..................................................................................... 25 Rysunek 20 Most św. Anioła ............................................................................................ 26 Rysunek 21 Helix Bridge .................................................................................................. 27 Rysunek 22 Helix Bridge .................................................................................................. 28 Rysunek 23 Maslenica Bridge .......................................................................................... 29 Rysunek 24 Moses bridge ................................................................................................ 30 Strona | 3 1. Podstawowe pojęcia 1. Podstawowe pojęcia MOST Most – rodzaj przeprawy w postaci budowli inżynierskiej, której konstrukcja pozwala na pokonanie przeszkody wodnej lub lądowej skonstruowana w taki sposób, że pod nią pozostaje wolna przestrzeń (w odróżnieniu od nasypu). Mosty dzielimy na: ● przepusty - budowle mostowe prowadzone przez nasypy (według innych definicji są to niewielkie mosty do rozpiętości 2-3 metry). ● mosty rzeczne - nad przeszkodami wodnymi (rzeki, jeziora, zatoki, morskie cieśniny itp.), popularnie zwane mostami. ● mosty zalewowe - przęsła lub mosty nad terenami zalewowymi. ● wiadukty - nad suchymi przeszkodami (doliny, wąwozy), również nad drogowymi i kolejowymi trasami komunikacyjnymi. ● estakady - nad terenami zabudowanymi. Ze względu na rodzaj drogi prowadzonej po moście dzielone są one następująco: ● drogowe – przez most prowadzony jest ruch komunikacji samochodowej ● kolejowe – przez most prowadzona jest trasa kolejowa ● wodne (akwedukty) – przez most prowadzony jest kanał wodny, bądź grawitacyjnie strumień wody ● mosty przemysłowe ● kładki piesze – dla ruchu pieszego Ze względu na charakter ustroju nośnego: ● stałe ● ruchome (obrotowe, przesuwne, podnoszone, klapowe) Ze względu na rodzaj materiału: ● drewniane ● masywne (kamienne, ceglane, betonowe, żelbetowe, sprężone) ● metalowe (żelazne, stalowe, żeliwne) ● kompozytowe Strona 4 1. Podstawowe pojęcia RODZAJE MOSTÓW Most wantowy, most podwieszany – rodzaj mostu, w którym obciążenia z pomostu przenoszone są na pylony poprzez ukośnie biegnące cięgna, najczęściej wykonane w postaci lin stalowych. Ten rodzaj mostu jest prawie zawsze najbardziej opłacalny w przypadku mostów, których najdłuższe przęsła mają od 150 metrów do 915 metrów. Most wiszący – most, w którym pomiędzy pylonami rozpięte są liny, taśmy lub łańcuchy, do których podwieszone są przęsła. Ten typ konstrukcji mostowej został wynaleziony w XIX wieku, natomiast mosty wiszące o prostej konstrukcji, w których nie stosowano pylonów, a przęsła są zawieszone wyłącznie na linach zakotwionych w podłożu, były stosowane od dawna w rejonach górskich. Most obrotowy – rodzaj mostu ruchomego, w którym jedno z przęseł jest obracane w celu umożliwienia przepłynięcia statków
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