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ECONOMIC COUNCILS in the DIFFERENT COUNTRIES of the WORLD I

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ECONOMIC COUNCILS in the DIFFERENT COUNTRIES of the WORLD I Section of Economic Relations REVIEW OF THE ECONOMIC COUNCILS IN THE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD i Prepared for the Economic Committee | by Dr. Elli LINDNER League of Nations GENEVA 1932 [Communicated to the Council Official No. : C. 626. M. 308. 1932. II.B and the Members of the League.] [E. 795.] Series of League of Nations Publications II. ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL 1932. II.B. 10. CONTENTS. P age I. Introductory N ote by the Secretariat: 1. Resolution of the Twelfth A s s e m b ly .................................................. 5 2. E nquiry b y the Economic C o m m itte e ............................................. 6 3 . Principal Types of Economic C o u n cils............................................. 7 4. Co-operation of Economic Councils in the Work of the League of N a tio n s.................................................................................................. 7 II. P r e f a c e .............................................................................................................................. 9 III. Monographs concerning the Organisation and W orking of the E conomic Councils in Different Countries of the W orld : A. Africa: Union of South A f r i c a ...................................................................... 11 B. America: 1. A r g e n tin e ........................................................................................ 12 2. B r a z i l .................................................................................................. 13 3. C h i l e ....................... 14 4. C u b a ................................................................................... 14 5. U nited States of A m e ric a ........................................................ 15 6. U ruguay ........................................................................................ 17 C. Asia : 1. C h i n a .................................................................................................. 17 2. I n d i a .................................................................................................. 21 3. J a p a n .................................................................................................. 21 D. Australasia : 1. A ustralia............................................................................................. 23 2. New Z e a la n d ................................................................................... 23 E. Europe: 1. A u s t r i a ............................................................................................. 23 2. B e lg iu m ............................................................................................. 24 3. U nited K in g d o m .......................................................................... 27 4. B u lg a ria ............................................................................................. 3° 5. C zechoslovakia............................................................................... 31 6. D enm ark............................................................................................. 33 7. E s t o n i a ............................................................................................. 34 8 . F i n l a n d ............................................................................................. 35 9 . F rance.................................................................................................. 3 6 10. G erm any............................................................................................. 41 11. Greece .................................................................................... 4^ 12. H u n g a r y ........................................................................................ 5° S. d. N, 1.585 (F.) 1.430 (A.) 9/32. Im p. J. da G. — 4 — E. Europe (continued) : Page 13. Irish Free State ........................................................................... 50 14. Italy ................................................................................................... 51 15. L a t v i a ............................................................................................. 64 16. L i t h u a n i a ......................................................................................... 65 17. L u x e m b u r g .................................................................................... 65 1 8 . N e th e r la n d s .................................................................................... 67 19. N o r w a y .............................................................................................. 70 20. P o l a n d .............................................................................................. 71 21. P o rtu g a l.............................................................................................. 73 22. R o u m a n ia ......................................................................................... 74 23. S p a i n .................................................................................................. 77 24. Sweden .............................................................................................. 82 25. S w itz e r la n d .................................................................................... 82 26. T u r k e y .............................................................................................. 82 27. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics..................................... 84 28. Y ugoslavia .................................................................................... 86 IV. Sy n o p s is ............................................................................................................................... 89 V. A nnexes : A. B ib lio g ra p h y ......................................................................................... 97 B. Addresses of Economic Councils in the Different Countries 99 C. Chronological Table of the Juridical Bases of Economic Councils in the Various Countries of the World . 100 I. INTRODUCTORY NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT i. Resolution of the Twelfth Assembly. — 2. Enquiry by the Economic Committee. — 3. Principal Types of Economic Councils. — 4. Co-operation of Economic Councils in the Work of the League of Nations. i. RESOLUTION OF THE TWELFTH ASSEMBLY. In September 1931, M. Bottai, then the Italian Minister of Corporations, submitted to the Second Committee of the twelfth Assembly, on behalf of the Italian delegation, the following draft resolution : " The Assembly, “ Considering that it would be desirable to encourage the formation and development of national institutions (national economic councils) representing the most important economic and social elements in every State ; “ Considering that institutions of this nature already exist—although with different methods and with different powers—in a certain number of countries, especially in Europe ; “ Convinced of the desirability of utilising such institutions as much as possible in the work of improving international economic relations : “ Requests the Council to seek the most appropriate means of providing for the direct representation of national economic councils within the League of Nations.” This draft therefore proposed to recommend the setting up of national economic councils in countries where they did not already exist and, further, the association of these national economic councils with the work of the League of Nations. After an exhaustive discussion of the Italian delegation’s proposal, the Second Committee submitted to the Assembly the following report (document A.75.1931.II.B, page 8) : “ International economic co-operation could no doubt attain more consi­ derable results if the principal elements in each of the national economic systems, having been associated in good time with the preparation of these results, were disposed to accept the obligations which their Governments might enter into in the international sphere. “ Further, a more or less direct participation of the different economic circles in the studies, researches and debates initiated by the League of Nations with regard to problems of common interest would be likely to prepare, in each country, an enlightened body of public opinion giving international agreements the best chances of success. “ During the year 1931, two meetings have already been held at Geneva between the representatives of national economic councils with a view to the common study of the causes of the present economic depression, and it appears that they have already given good results. The Committee considers that further steps should be taken in this direction. When organisations of this kind function in a larger number of countries, having studied the same questions, meetings — 6 — of these organisations under the auspices of the League of Nations will bring a particularly valuable contribution to the examination of the grave problems of the present day. “ The Committee thinks it sufficient to draw the Council’s attention to the utility of ensuring the co-operation of these national economic councils in the work of the League of Nations, leaving it to the Council to seek the best means of carrying this idea into effect. It has been suggested in the Committee that this aim might be achieved by means of a suitable modification in the existing Economic Consultative Committee.” On the basis of this report, the Second Committee proposed to the Assembly, and the latter adopted, the following resolution : “ The Assembly, “ Considering that it would
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