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R[-Re FUEFTE-.¡E-!-]S Eirat¡E C¡F Sr E o ULEtrTE Rs FEFr Earch-r INc¡ r[-rE FUEFTE-.¡E-!-]s Eirat¡E c¡F Sr"¡¡uv !-mesrEes! A EuuMARv BruceF. Phillips. FO Box 705 I Canberra Maii Centre. ACT 2610 Australia AE¡ STRAtrT Collectors have been used successtully to catch the pueruius stage ofspiny lobsters to provide animals for study in the laboratory, to investrgate levels of'settlement, and for mariculture purposes. Different tlpes ofeollectors have been developed for différent species and different areas. These include synthetic seaweed collectors for Panulirus cygnus in Western Australia, crevice typesfor Panulirus argus in the US and the Caribbean,andJasus edwardsii inNewZealand. Where collectors are used for stock dy,namics, a standard procedure for checking collectors and identifying pueruli must be established. The number ofcollectors required at each locality to obtain an adequate measure ofpuerulus settlement depends on several factors: (l) the area available, (2) the settlement levels, (3) the variabilifi ofcatches. and (4) the degree ofprecision required in fishery prediction. Data on puerulus catches ofP rygn as in Western Australia have been used successfully to predict the commercial catch four years in advance. Similar atternpts to use puerulus catches for catch prediction are being made in New Zealand and Cuba. REsU MEN Los colectores han sido utilizados con éxito para la captura de langosta en fase puerulus, y proveer animales para su estudio en el laboratorio, así como para la investigación de los niveles de asentarniento y propósitos de rnaricultivo" Son diferentes los tipos de colectores que han sido desarrollados para especies y áreas diferentes. Aquí se incluyen los colectores de algas sfurtéticas paru Panulirus cygttus en Australia Occidental, los tipo refugio para Jasus edwardsii Nueva Zelanda. En aquellos lugares donde los colectores se ernplean para la dinámica poblacional, deberá establecerse un procedimiento estandarpara la comprobación riel estado de losmismos y la identificación de los puerulus. El nürnero de los coiectores requeridos en cada localidad para obtener rma medicrón adecuada del asentamiento de puerulus depende de numerosos fáctores: i ) ei area disponitrle; 2) los niveles de asentamiento; 3) la variabilidad de captura y 4) el grado de precisión requerido para la precisión de la pesquería. Los datos sobre las capnras de pueruius de P" cygnus en Australia Occidental han sido utilizados con buenos resultados en la predicción de la captura comercial con cuatro años de antelación. Intentos similares respecto a la utilización de las capturas de purulus para predicciones de captura se estár desarrollar.rdo en Nueva Zelanda y Cuba. I NTREDU trT¡EN Several collectors to catch the puemlus stage ofspiny (rock) Workers in rnany countries including Antigua, Australia, lobsters (Family Palinuridae) have been developed over the Bernruda, Cuba, Grenada, India Jamaica Japan, Mexico. New past 2-5 years (Witham et al.l968 Phillips, 1972; Booth and Zealand, Puerto Rico, and the United States of America have Tarring, 1986). The puerulus is the post-larval stage of used collectors to catch puerulus stage spiny lobsters. De- palinurids that has molted from the final phyllosoma instar. vices have been deployed at St Paul and Amsterdam Islands Settlement refers to the moment at which the puerulus ceases in the south Indian Ocean to try to increase puerulus settle- forward swimming and becomes benthic or colonizes a col- ment and survival in the fishery for Jasus paulensis (Barbarin. lector. pers. comm). Collectors were developed to obtain animals for study in Thefocus of this paper is to summaries the informationon the laboratory (Witham et al.1968'. Phillips. 1972), to inves- the uso of collectors in Australia and New Zealand, but re- tigate levels of puerulus settlement (Booth and Thrring, 1986: views ofpublished and unpublished reports from around the Nonaka et al.L980), and for mariculture purposes (Ifuata et world are included. This summary is taken from a detailed a/. I988). The number of puemli settling on collectors can rep- review by Phillips and Booth (1994) to which the reader is resent levels of recruiiment to alr area, and data from collectors referred for fuither details. Some of the factors that should be rvere therefore recogrúzred as useful in analyses of stock dy- considered when planning a progmm to monitor puerulus narnics (Morgan et al.1982;Walters et al.l993). selllement are discussed. Rsvrsre CrmeNe or lNvpsrrcectot'IEs Ppset ERAs. ENeno-Juñto os 1995 33 ,¡ I I I Tvees EF EELLETTERS Collectors can be broadly grouped into two main rypes: those that proüde creüces and spaces for settlement, and those that imitate seaweed and may evoke the grasping response of, pueruli. The following descripüons ofpuerulus collectors are based on the available literature. A. Wtham - Florida and [lawaii (rJSA), Caribbean Fig 1. Hmthogrhair mllector, The Witham collector (Witham et al.l968) was designed based on information from puerulus stage lobster to catch the of the Florida spiny Hmt(pers. comm.). (P. argus). These collectors have been modified to catch P anu I i ru s m argi n atu s in Hawaii S4acDonald, I 986). The Witham habitat (equals Witham collector in this re- view) was constructed of a polyurethane float, 30 cm square and 2.5 cm thick, with leaves of 3M (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co, Minnesota, USA) nylon webbing 30 crn wide and 15 cm iong attached to one side. The float was coated with fiberglass resin for strength and weatherproofing. Design modifications have been made, mainly in the size of the collector and the number ofvoid spaces in the webbing rnaterial. Currently the most widely used version of the Big. 2. Serfling and Ford Witham collector is the hogs-hair collector (Figure l) devel- seaweed collector, after figure in Serfling and Ford ( 1 975 oped in Florida (Hunt, pers. comm.). That collector hasbeen ). used to catch the pueruius st¿ge of P argus in many parts of the Caribbean, including Anügua (Rlther et al. l98&,Bannerot et al.l99l', Bannerot er al.1992 Lellis, 1991), Grenada (Calinski, pers. comm.), and Florida (Heatwole et al.l99l). Some very large collections of pueruli have been made with these collectors - more than 20 000 in I year in Antigua. B. Serfling andFord - California (USA) The Serfling and Ford collector (Figure 2) was developed to catch the puerulus stage of the Californian spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus for ecological and behavioral studies (Serfling and Ford, 1975) and it has also been used to study larval recruitment of that species @arker, 1972).Its design was suggested by the frequent associaüon of P. interruptus pueruli with surfgrass. 1.O The collector, a nylon bag containing the surfgrass Phyllospadix torreyi andvarious species ofred algae, is floated at the water surface. Illuminated collectors caught signiñcantly Fig. 3. Phiiiips artificial more pueruli than did those without illumination. seaweed collectot after the figure in Phillips ( 1 972). C. Phillips- Australia, Cuba The crucial component of the collector is the synthetic rope The Philiips collector was designed to catch the puerulus f,rber which simulates seagrass. The material selected for the stage of the western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus in West- tassels was the pollpropylene fiber 'Tanikalon' (Taniyama ern Australia (Phillips, L97?).Datafrom those collectors have Chemical Industries Ltd, Okayama, Japan). formed the basis of a catch prediction system for the com- These collectors are now also used in Cuba to catch the mercial ñshery (Phillips, 1986; Caputi et al.L988;Caputi et pueruli of P. argus (Cruz e t al. 1 99 I ; Phillip s e t al.l99 4). a/.inpress: Phillips et al.l994). (Figure a alumi- The collector 3) consists of three-sided D. Lewis- Australia num frame with channels into which are inserted sheets of grey PVC, 61 x 35 cm x 0.6 cm thick. Glued to the outer The pallet collector (Figure 4) was developed to catch the face of each PVC sheet is a thin layer of woven polypropy- puerulus stage of Jasus edwardsii in Australia (Lewis, 1911a), lene material to'which tassels of synthetic rope fiber are where the species is known as the 'southern rock lobster'. attached. The collector is similar in appearance to awooden pallet used 34 Revrsre CLlgaNa np INvBsrtcecrotnus Pesquenns, Ervsno-JuNro »s 1995 in storage facilities, and in the ocean is held vertically near the surface. The design was prompted by the frequent occur- rence of puemli in floating boxes used in parts of, South Aus- tralia to hold live spiny lobsters (Lewis, pers. comm.)" E. Booth - New Zealqnd, Austrolia The Booth crevice collector was designed to catch the puerulus stage of-rasus edwardsii in New Zealand (where the species is known as the 'red rock lobster') in studies of larval recruiUnent @ooth and Tiarring 1986. The design was prompted by the observaüon that large numbers of puemli settle under stones in depressions and holes including pholad shafts (holes rnade by rock boriíg bivaives), along the shore near Xow-tide level at Castlepoint on the North Island @ooth , L979). The Booth crevice collector (Figure 5) @ooth and Tar- ring, 1986) consists ofeight marine-grade plywood sheets, each 38 x 38 cm and 0.9 cm thick, held in a galvanised steel tr'ig.4. Lewis collectoq based frame to give seven wedge-shaped crevices, each 2.5 cm high on information supplied by at its widest part. The plywood sheets are treated with preser- R.K. Lewis (pers. comm.). vative and last at least five years. The collector is relatively inexpensive. easy to construct, sturdy and capable of with- standing healy seas, and can be handled by one person. At sorne sites with easy land access" 'shore crevice collec- tors' (Figure 5. top left) are used (Booth and Tarring, 1986). These collectors must be sheltered from ocean swells if they are to be used in shallow waters.
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