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Interoperable Retransmission Protocols with Low Latency and Constrained Delay: a Performance Evaluation of RIST And

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Interoperable Retransmission Protocols with Low Latency and Constrained Delay: a Performance Evaluation of RIST And DEGREE PROJECT IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2019 Interoperable Retransmission Protocols with Low Latency and Constrained Delay A Performance Evaluation of RIST and SRT TOFIK SONONO KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE Interoperable Retransmission Protocols with Low Latency and Constrained Delay A Performance Evaluation of RIST and SRT Tofik Sonono 2019-07-06 Master’s Thesis Examiner Gerald Q. MagUire Jr. Academic adviser Anders Västberg IndUstrial adviser Per Lager KTH Royal InstitUte of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and CompUter Science (EECS) Department of CommUnications SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Abstract | i Abstract The media industry has during the last decade migrated services from dedicated media networks to more shared resources and lately also the public internet and public data centers. In order to cater for such transition, several protocols have been designed to meet the demand for high-quality media transport over lossy infrastructure, protocols such as SRT and RIST. The purpose of Reliable Internet Stream Transport (RIST) and Secure Reliable Transport (SRT) is to have all vendors of broadcasting equipment support an interoperable way of communication. The lack of interoperability locks consumers into one particular vendor’s family of products - most often this equipment only supports a proprietary technology. Interoperability creates a more competitive market space which benefits consumers and gives vendors an incentive to be more innovative in their solutions. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the performance of these protocols by comparing their performance to a proprietary solution (named ÖÖÖ in this thesis and seen as an established solution in the industry). The challenge is to test these protocols in a lab environment, but have the results represent real-world use. For this, a large subset of samples is needed along with samples measured over a long period. This sampling was made possible by writing a script which automates the sampling process. The results indicate that the versions of RIST and SRT tested in this thesis to some extent compare well to the selected established protocol (ÖÖÖ). In many scenarios, SRT even did much better, mainly when a line with a single feed was tested. For instance, when the network suffered a 2% drop rate and utilized retransmission SRT performed the best and was the only protocol which had some samples where no packets were dropped during one hour of measurements. When running all three protocols at the same time, SRT also did the best in a network with up to 12% drop rate. The results in this thesis should give a broadcaster an idea of which of these protocols will fulfill their requirements in a broadcast application. Keywords Reliable Internet Stream Transport, Secure Reliable Transport, Interoperability, Retransmission, Live streaming. Sammanfattning | iii Sammanfattning I mediabranschen finns det en efterfrågan på utrustning som har inslag av interoperabilitet. Anledningen till detta är att någon som köper produkter från en viss återförsäljare inte vill låsas in i denna återförsäljares ”ekosystem” i flera år framöver. Då en studio sällan uppgraderar hela sin produktionskedja på samma gång ger interoperabilitet möjligheten att köpa utrustning från andra återförsäljare när man ska uppgradera något i produktionslinan. Detta leder till en mer konkurrenskraftig marknad samt ger incentiv till nya innovativa lösningar. Detta examensarbete går ut på att utvärdera lösningar som tagits fram för att främja interoperabilitet och jämföra dem med en existerande proprietärlösning. Reliable Internet Stream Transport (RIST) och Secure Reliable Transport (SRT) är två protokoll som tagits fram för just detta syfte. Utmaningen med att utvärdera dessa protokoll är att i en labbmiljö få resultat som reflekterar användandet av protokollen i verkligheten. Detta har gjorts med hjälp av ett program som tagits fram i detta examensarbete. Med detta program har testandet kunnat automatiseras. Resultaten i detta examensarbete visar potential hos båda RIST och SRT. SRT är i vissa scenarion till och med bättre än den proprietära lösningen. Protokollen visar något buggigt beteende i vissa instanser, såsom att i vissa fal sluta fungera och inte kunna återgå till normal funktion utan manuell interaktion. Allt som allt är dock protokollen i de flesta fallen testade i detta examensarbete ett godtyckligt alternativ till den jämförda proprietära lösningen. Nyckelord RIST, SRT, Interoperabilitet, Omsändning, Direktsändning. Acknowledgments | v Acknowledgments I want to thank Per Lager, Anna Jersby, and Fredrik Gidén for allowing me to carry out my master’s thesis at Net Insight. I want to thank Love Thyresson for feedback on the tests I carried out and for letting me use Figure 2-13 and Figure 6-1,which was from an article he wrote. I want to thank Awadh Bajpai at Net Insight for helping me with the configuration of Net Insight’s VA platform, which was used in my test bed. Additionally, I would like to thank him for his willingness to discuss my reflections regarding the broadcasting industry. I want to thank Anders Cedronius for taking the time to discuss theoretical aspects of retransmission protocols and get me up to speed with how they work. I want to thank Mikael Wånggren for helping me when I encountered many technical problems regarding the Anue and Net Insight’s VA platform. Without his introduction to certain libraries which were used in the automated testing solution, the results produced in this thesis would not have been possible. I would also like to thank him for his willingness to discuss the theoretical aspects of the protocols evaluated in this thesis. I want to thank my examiner Gerald Q. Maguire Jr. for his feedback during the process of this thesis. From referring me to relevant articles, feedback on my report, and giving me software suggestions (such as iPerf and Zotero). I want to thank my girlfriend Frida Jensflo for understanding and supporting me, as well as motivating me to keep writing this paper. Finally, I would like to thank my family for their continuous support throughout my years in university and for always encouraging me to have fun and not overdo anything. Stockholm, June 2019 Tofik Sonono Table of contents | vii Table of contents Abstract ......................................................................................................... i Keywords ......................................................................................................................... i Sammanfattning ......................................................................................... iii Nyckelord ....................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments ....................................................................................... v Table of contents ....................................................................................... vii List of Figures ............................................................................................. ix List of Tables .............................................................................................. xi List of acronyms and abbreviations ....................................................... xiii 1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem .............................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Purpose .............................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Goals .................................................................................................................. 2 1.5 Research Methodology ..................................................................................... 3 1.6 Delimitations ...................................................................................................... 3 1.7 Structure of the thesis ...................................................................................... 3 2 Background ........................................................................................... 5 2.1 UDP ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 UDP packet strUctUre ........................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Solving the reliability problem of UDP .................................................. 6 2.2 Error Correction ................................................................................................ 6 2.2.1 ARQ ..................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 FEC ...................................................................................................... 8 2.2.3 ARQ and FEC combined ..................................................................... 9 2.3 Reliable Internet Stream Transport ................................................................. 9 2.3.1 Packet strUctUre ................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 Packet recovery ................................................................................
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