Trichocephalida, Trichuridae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

New Insights into Morphological and Biological Features of Capillaria aerophila (Trichocephalida, Trichuridae) D. Traversa1, A. Di Cesare1, R. P. Lia2, G. Castagna1, S. Meloni1, J. Heine3, K. Strube3, P. Milillo1, D. Otranto2, R. Schaper3 1 Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Italy; 2 Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Bari, Italy; 3 Bayer Animal Health, Leverkusen, Germany Background: Capillaria aerophila is a trichuroid nematode affecting carnivores (e.g., cats and dogs) and humans. Animals become infected by ingesting larvated eggs or earthworms, which act as facultative intermediate hosts. Adult stages live underneath respiratory epithelia and cause different degrees of respiratory distress and symptoms. Indeed, this nematode is underestimated and several aspects remain to be elucidated and better clarified, including routes of transmission and diagnostic aspects. The aim of this study is to present new insights into morphological and biological features of this neglected lungworm. Methods: Eggs of C. aerophila were collected from four naturally infected dogs and one cat with monospecific infection. Eggs were used to examination and measurements by light microscopy (LM; Leica DM LB2 microscope) and to scanning electron microscopy (SEM; FEI Quanta 200 SEM), respectively, and compared with eggs of the intestinal trichuroid Trichuris vulpis. Eggs were also split in different coprocultures for their in vitro developing over a period of two months at a temperature of 20 ± 2 °C and relative humidity from 80 % to 85 %. Results: LM showed typical features of C. aerophila eggs: size, asymmetry of bipolar plugs and a wall with a network of anastomosing ridges. These features were all confirmed upon SEM, in that all examined eggs showed an outer densely striated and net-like shell. Eggs of T. vulpis were bigger than those of C. aerophila and showed a thick and smooth wall at both LM and SEM. Eggs of C. aerophila started to develop after 35 days, and at day +60 all eggs contained a mobile larva. Conclusions: This study reports a thorough LM and SEM morphological and morphometric analysis of eggs of the neglected lungworm C. aerophila and provides key information for their identification, which in turn represent a diagnostic dilemma, especially in comparison with whipworm eggs. Furthermore, this is the first information on the in vitro developing of C. aerophila eggs, providing important information on the biological cycle of this nematode, to be still fully elucidated. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

This Is an Open Access Document Downloaded from ORCA, Cardiff University's Institutional Repository
This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA, Cardiff University's institutional repository: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/117055/ This is the author’s version of a work that was submitted to / accepted for publication. Citation for final published version: Jorge, F., White, R.S.A. and Paterson, Rachel A. 2018. Hiding in the swamp: new capillariid nematode parasitizing New Zealand brown mudfish. Journal of Helminthology 92 (3) , pp. 379-386. 10.1017/S0022149X17000530 file Publishers page: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X17000530 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X17000530> Please note: Changes made as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing, formatting and page numbers may not be reflected in this version. For the definitive version of this publication, please refer to the published source. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite this paper. This version is being made available in accordance with publisher policies. See http://orca.cf.ac.uk/policies.html for usage policies. Copyright and moral rights for publications made available in ORCA are retained by the copyright holders. Title: Hiding in the swamp: new capillariid nematode parasitizing New Zealand brown mudfish Authors: Fátima Jorge1, Richard S. A. White2 and Rachel A. Paterson1,3 Addresses: 1Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; 2School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; 3School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom Running headline: Capillariid nematode parasitizing New Zealand mudfish Corresponding author: Fátima Jorge Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] 1 Abstract The extent of New Zealand’s freshwater fish-parasite diversity has yet to be fully revealed, with host-parasite relationships still to be described from nearly half the known fish community.
[Show full text]
"Structure, Function and Evolution of the Nematode Genome"
Structure, Function and Advanced article Evolution of The Article Contents . Introduction Nematode Genome . Main Text Online posting date: 15th February 2013 Christian Ro¨delsperger, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany Adrian Streit, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany Ralf J Sommer, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany In the past few years, an increasing number of draft gen- numerous variations. In some instances, multiple alter- ome sequences of multiple free-living and parasitic native forms for particular developmental stages exist, nematodes have been published. Although nematode most notably dauer juveniles, an alternative third juvenile genomes vary in size within an order of magnitude, com- stage capable of surviving long periods of starvation and other adverse conditions. Some or all stages can be para- pared with mammalian genomes, they are all very small. sitic (Anderson, 2000; Community; Eckert et al., 2005; Nevertheless, nematodes possess only marginally fewer Riddle et al., 1997). The minimal generation times and the genes than mammals do. Nematode genomes are very life expectancies vary greatly among nematodes and range compact and therefore form a highly attractive system for from a few days to several years. comparative studies of genome structure and evolution. Among the nematodes, numerous parasites of plants and Strikingly, approximately one-third of the genes in every animals, including man are of great medical and economic sequenced nematode genome has no recognisable importance (Lee, 2002). From phylogenetic analyses, it can homologues outside their genus. One observes high rates be concluded that parasitic life styles evolved at least seven of gene losses and gains, among them numerous examples times independently within the nematodes (four times with of gene acquisition by horizontal gene transfer.
[Show full text]
Morphology, Life Cycle, Pathogenicity and Prophylaxis of Trichinella Spiralis
Paper No. : 08 Biology of Parasitism Module : 26 Morphology, Life Cycle, Pathogenicity and Prophylaxis of Trichinella Development Team Principal Investigator: Prof. Neeta Sehgal Head, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi Paper Coordinator: Dr. Pawan Malhotra ICGEB, New Delhi Content Writer: Dr. Rita Rath Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi Content Reviewer: Prof. Virender Kumar Bhasin Department of Zoology, University of Delhi 1 Biology of Parasitism ZOOLOGY Morphology, Life Cycle and Pathogenicity and Prophylaxis of Trichinella Description of Module Subject Name ZOOLOGY Paper Name Biology of Parasitism- ZOOL OO8 Module Name/Title Morphology, Life Cycle, Pathogenicity and Prophylaxis of Trichinella Module Id 26; Morphology, Life Cycle, Pathogenicity and Prophylaxis Keywords Trichinosis, pork worm, encysted larva, striated muscle , intestinal parasite Contents 1. Learning Outcomes 2. History 3. Geographical Distribution 4. Habit and Habitat 5. Morphology 5.1. Adult 5.2. Larva 6. Life Cycle 7. Pathogenicity 7.1. Diagnosis 7.2. Treatment 7.3. Prophylaxis 8. Phylogenetic Position 9. Genomics 10. Proteomics 11. Summary 2 Biology of Parasitism ZOOLOGY Morphology, Life Cycle and Pathogenicity and Prophylaxis of Trichinella 1. Learning Outcomes This unit will help to: Understand the medical importance of Trichinella spiralis. Identify the male and female worm from its morphological characteristics. Explain the importance of hosts in the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis. Diagnose the symptoms of the disease caused by the parasite. Understand the genomics and proteomics of the parasite to be able to design more accurate diagnostic, preventive, curative measures. Suggest various methods for the prevention and control of the parasite. Trichinella spiralis (Pork worm) Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda Class: Adenophorea Order: Trichocephalida Superfamily: Trichinelloidea Genus: Trichinella Species: spiralis 2.
[Show full text]
New Capillariid Nematode Parasitizing New Zealand Brown Mudfish Authors
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research @ Cardiff Title: Hiding in the swamp: new capillariid nematode parasitizing New Zealand brown mudfish Authors: Fátima Jorge1, Richard S. A. White2 and Rachel A. Paterson1,3 Addresses: 1Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; 2School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; 3School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom Running headline: Capillariid nematode parasitizing New Zealand mudfish Corresponding author: Fátima Jorge Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] 1 Abstract The extent of New Zealand’s freshwater fish-parasite diversity has yet to be fully revealed, with host-parasite relationships still to be described from nearly half the known fish community. Whilst advancements in the number of fish species examined and parasite taxa described are being made; some parasite groups, such as nematodes, remain poorly understood. In the present study we combined morphological and molecular analyses to characterize a capillariid nematode found infecting the swim bladder of the brown mudfish Neochanna apoda, an endemic New Zealand fish from peat-swamp-forests. Morphologically, the studied nematodes are distinct from other Capillariinae taxa by the features of the male posterior end, namely the shape of the bursa lobes, and shape of spicule distal end. Male specimens were classified in three different types according to differences in shape of the bursa lobes at the posterior end, but only one was successfully molecularly characterized.
[Show full text]
Trichuris Trichiura
GLOBAL WATER PATHOGEN PROJECT PART THREE. SPECIFIC EXCRETED PATHOGENS: ENVIRONMENTAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGY ASPECTS TRICHURIS TRICHIURA Ricardo Izurieta University of South Florida Tampa, United States Miguel Reina-Ortiz University of South Florida Tampa, United States Tatiana Ochoa-Capello Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa, United States Copyright: This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/openaccess/terms-use-ccbysa-en). Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Citation: Izurieta, R., Reina-Ortiz, M. and Ochoa-Capello, T. (2018). Trichuris trichiura. In: J.B. Rose and B. Jiménez-Cisneros (eds), Water and Sanitation for the 21st Century: Health and Microbiological Aspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management (Global Water Pathogen Project). (L. Robertson (eds), Part 3: Specific Excreted Pathogens: Environmental and Epidemiology Aspects - Section 4: Helminths), Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI, UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.14321/waterpathogens.43 Acknowledgements: K.R.L. Young, Project Design editor; Website Design (http://www.agroknow.com) Last published: August 3, 2018 Trichuris trichiura Summary least in some regions of the world (Yu et al., 2016; Al- Mekhlafi et al., 2006; Norhayati et al., 1997).
[Show full text]
Immunogenic Glycoconjugates Implicated in Parasitic Nematode Diseases
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1455 (1999) 353^362 www.elsevier.com/locate/bba Review Immunogenic glycoconjugates implicated in parasitic nematode diseases Anne Dell a;*, Stuart M. Haslam a, Howard R. Morris a, Kay-Hooi Khoo b a Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, UK b Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Received 13 October 1998; received in revised form 11 February 1999; accepted 1 April 1999 Abstract Parasitic nematodes infect billions of people world-wide, often causing chronic infections associated with high morbidity. The greatest interface between the parasite and its host is the cuticle surface, the outer layer of which in many species is covered by a carbohydrate-rich glycocalyx or cuticle surface coat. In addition many nematodes excrete or secrete antigenic glycoconjugates (ES antigens) which can either help to form the glycocalyx or dissipate more extensively into the nematode's environment. The glycocalyx and ES antigens represent the main immunogenic challenge to the host and could therefore be crucial in determining if successful parasitism is established. This review focuses on a few selected model systems where detailed structural data on glycoconjugates have been obtained over the last few years and where this structural information is starting to provide insight into possible molecular functions. ß 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Nematode; Glycoconjugate; Antigen; Structure Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................... 354 2. The biology of nematodes ................................................ 355 3. Glycosylated nematode antigens ...........................................
[Show full text]
Proteomic Insights Into the Biology of the Most Important Foodborne Parasites in Europe
foods Review Proteomic Insights into the Biology of the Most Important Foodborne Parasites in Europe Robert Stryi ński 1,* , El˙zbietaŁopie ńska-Biernat 1 and Mónica Carrera 2,* 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36-208 Vigo, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (M.C.) Received: 18 August 2020; Accepted: 27 September 2020; Published: 3 October 2020 Abstract: Foodborne parasitoses compared with bacterial and viral-caused diseases seem to be neglected, and their unrecognition is a serious issue. Parasitic diseases transmitted by food are currently becoming more common. Constantly changing eating habits, new culinary trends, and easier access to food make foodborne parasites’ transmission effortless, and the increase in the diagnosis of foodborne parasitic diseases in noted worldwide. This work presents the applications of numerous proteomic methods into the studies on foodborne parasites and their possible use in targeted diagnostics. Potential directions for the future are also provided. Keywords: foodborne parasite; food; proteomics; biomarker; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) 1. Introduction Foodborne parasites (FBPs) are becoming recognized as serious pathogens that are considered neglect in relation to bacteria and viruses that can be transmitted by food [1]. The mode of infection is usually by eating the host of the parasite as human food. Many of these organisms are spread through food products like uncooked fish and mollusks; raw meat; raw vegetables or fresh water plants contaminated with human or animal excrement.
[Show full text]
Lungworm in Hedgehogs
Lungworm in Hedgehogs Agent Lungworm is the common name used to describe infestation of the lungs with parasitic worms. Two types of parasitic worm, Crenosoma striatum and Capillaria aerophila, are known to cause lungworm in hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus). These parasites can be found on their own, although mixed infections are also common. Crenosoma adults and larvae are found in the trachea, bronchi and alveolar ducts while Capillaria adults are found in the bronchi and trachea. Signs of disease The signs of disease in hedgehogs vary according to the severity of the parasite infestation in the lungs and whether or not there is any secondary bacterial infection present. Signs of lungworm, therefore, can range from no disease to snuffles, wheezes, nasal discharge, increased respiratory effort (sometimes with rattling breathing), cough, weight loss, reduced appetite, weakness, reduced activity, staggering gait and open mouth breathing. In severe cases, the disease can cause death. Disease transmission Disease transmission of both species of lungworm in hedgehogs is normally via the consumption of infected intermediate hosts which form part of their invertebrate diet. The nematode eggs and larvae are expelled to the environment in hedgehog faeces and then infect the intermediate host (slugs and snails for Crenosoma striatum and earthworms for Capillaria aerophila). However, hedgehogs can also pick up infected eggs from a surface contaminated with faeces without the need of an intermediate host. Crenosoma striatum worms can also be transmitted to newborn hedgehogs via the maternal milk. Distribution Lungworm has been found in hedgehogs throughout Great Britain and also throughout the species range in Europe and Asia.
[Show full text]
Nematode Parasites of Four Species of Carangoides (Osteichthyes: Carangidae) in New Caledonian Waters, with a Description of Philometra Dispar N
Parasite 2016, 23,40 Ó F. Moravec et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2016 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016049 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2F6A05A-66AC-4ED1-82D7-F503BD34A943 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Nematode parasites of four species of Carangoides (Osteichthyes: Carangidae) in New Caledonian waters, with a description of Philometra dispar n. sp. (Philometridae) František Moravec1,*, Delphine Gey2, and Jean-Lou Justine3 1 Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Cˇ eské Budeˇjovice, Czech Republic 2 Service de Systématique moléculaire, UMS 2700 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 26, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France 3 ISYEB, Institut Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, UMR7205 CNRS, EPHE, MNHN, UPMC, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP51, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France Received 10 August 2016, Accepted 28 August 2016, Published online 12 September 2016 Abstract – Parasitological examination of marine perciform fishes belonging to four species of Carangoides, i.e. C. chrysophrys, C. dinema, C. fulvoguttatus and C. hedlandensis (Carangidae), from off New Caledonia revealed the presence of nematodes. The identification of carangids was confirmed by barcoding of the COI gene. The eight nematode species found were: Capillariidae gen. sp. (females), Cucullanus bulbosus (Lane, 1916) (male and females), Hysterothylacium sp. third-stage larvae, Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) sp. (female and larvae), Terranova sp. third- stage larvae, Philometra dispar n. sp. (male), Camallanus carangis Olsen, 1954 (females) and Johnstonmawsonia sp. (female). The new species P. dispar from the abdominal cavity of C.
[Show full text]
SOME STUDIES on CAPILLARIA PHILIPINENSIS and ITS MYSTERIOUS TRIP from PHILIPPINES to EGYPT (REVIEW ARTICLE) by REFAAT M.A
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, Vol.44, No.1, April 2014 J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. (JESP), 44(1), 2014: 161 - 171 SOME STUDIES ON CAPILLARIA PHILIPINENSIS AND ITS MYSTERIOUS TRIP FROM PHILIPPINES TO EGYPT (REVIEW ARTICLE) By REFAAT M.A. KHALIFA AND RAGAA A. OTHMAN Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University (e-mail correspondence: [email protected]) Abstract Capillaria philippinensis is a mysterious parasite and intestinal capillariasis is a mysterious disease. It is now more than half a century since the discovery of the first case in Philippines without answering many questions concerning the parasite's taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, diagnosis, pathology, clinical symptoms, mode of transmission as well as how it was transported to Egypt and how it started to spread and progressed in most Egyptian Governorates; particularly those of Middle Egypt. This article is a trial to overview all these aspects of the parasite. Key words: Egypt, Capillaria philipinensism, Egypt, comments, recommendations. Introduction with sporadic cases were reported from The intestinal capillariasis caused by Japan (Mukai et al,1983), Korea(Lee et Capillaria philippinensisis a life-threa- al,1993; Hong et al,1994), Taiwan(Chen et tening disease in humans that causes severe al, 1989, Bair et al,2004, Lu et al,2006), enteropathy (Cross, 1998).The outcome of India Kang et al,1994;Vasantha et al, 2012), the disease may be fatal if untreated in due Iran (Hoghooghi-Rad et al,1987; Rokni, time (Abd-ElSalam et al, 2012). Small 2008), Egypt (Youssef et al,1989; Mansour freshwater and brackish-water fish are the et al,1990, Khalifa et al,2000), Indonesian in source of infection and probably fish-eating Italy(Chichino et al,1992), Egyptians in the birds the reservoir host (Cross, 1998).
[Show full text]
Evaluation of Some Vulval Appendages in Nematode Taxonomy
Comp. Parasitol. 76(2), 2009, pp. 191–209 Evaluation of Some Vulval Appendages in Nematode Taxonomy 1,5 1 2 3 4 LYNN K. CARTA, ZAFAR A. HANDOO, ERIC P. HOBERG, ERIC F. ERBE, AND WILLIAM P. WERGIN 1 Nematology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]) and 2 United States National Parasite Collection, and Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT: A survey of the nature and phylogenetic distribution of nematode vulval appendages revealed 3 major classes based on composition, position, and orientation that included membranes, flaps, and epiptygmata. Minor classes included cuticular inflations, protruding vulvar appendages of extruded gonadal tissues, vulval ridges, and peri-vulval pits. Vulval membranes were found in Mermithida, Triplonchida, Chromadorida, Rhabditidae, Panagrolaimidae, Tylenchida, and Trichostrongylidae. Vulval flaps were found in Desmodoroidea, Mermithida, Oxyuroidea, Tylenchida, Rhabditida, and Trichostrongyloidea. Epiptygmata were present within Aphelenchida, Tylenchida, Rhabditida, including the diverged Steinernematidae, and Enoplida. Within the Rhabditida, vulval ridges occurred in Cervidellus, peri-vulval pits in Strongyloides, cuticular inflations in Trichostrongylidae, and vulval cuticular sacs in Myolaimus and Deleyia. Vulval membranes have been confused with persistent copulatory sacs deposited by males, and some putative appendages may be artifactual. Vulval appendages occurred almost exclusively in commensal or parasitic nematode taxa. Appendages were discussed based on their relative taxonomic reliability, ecological associations, and distribution in the context of recent 18S ribosomal DNA molecular phylogenetic trees for the nematodes.
[Show full text]
Systematics and Epidemiology of Trichinella
Systematics and Epidemiology of Trichinella Edoardo Pozio1 and K. Darwin Murrell2 1Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita`, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy 2Danish Centre for Experimental Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark Abstract ...................................368 1. Introduction . ...............................368 1.1. Trichinella as a Model for Basic Research ..........370 1.2. History of Trichinella Taxonomy .................370 2. Advances in the Systematics of Trichinella .............373 2.1. Biochemical and Molecular Studies ...............374 2.2. The Polymerase Chain Reaction Era . ...........375 2.3. Current Methods for Trichinella spp. identiﬁcation . .....376 3. The Taxonomy of the Genus ......................377 3.1. The Encapsulated Clade......................378 3.2. The Non-Encapsulated Clade ..................388 4. Phylogeny . ...............................392 5. Biogeography. ...............................393 6. Epidemiology . ...............................396 6.1. The Sylvatic Cycle .........................397 6.2. The Domestic Cycle ........................403 6.3. Trichinellosis in Humans......................408 7. A New Approach: Trichinella-free Areas or Farms. Is it Possible? . ...............................413 8. Concluding Remarks . .........................416 Acknowledgements . .........................417 References . ...............................417
[Show full text]