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Descriptive Anatomy and Evolutionary Patterns of Anatomical Diversification in Adenia (Passifloraceae) David J
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 27 | Issue 1 Article 3 2009 Descriptive Anatomy and Evolutionary Patterns of Anatomical Diversification in Adenia (Passifloraceae) David J. Hearn University of Arizona, Tucson Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hearn, David J. (2009) "Descriptive Anatomy and Evolutionary Patterns of Anatomical Diversification in Adenia (Passifloraceae)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 27: Iss. 1, Article 3. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol27/iss1/3 Aliso, 27, pp. 13–38 ’ 2009, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS OF ANATOMICAL DIVERSIFICATION IN ADENIA (PASSIFLORACEAE) DAVID J. HEARN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA ([email protected]) ABSTRACT To understand evolutionary patterns and processes that account for anatomical diversity in relation to ecology and life form diversity, anatomy of storage roots and stems of the genus Adenia (Passifloraceae) were analyzed using an explicit phylogenetic context. Over 65,000 measurements are reported for 47 quantitative and qualitative traits from 58 species in the genus. Vestiges of lianous ancestry were apparent throughout the group, as treelets and lianous taxa alike share relatively short, often wide, vessel elements with simple, transverse perforation plates, and alternate lateral wall pitting; fibriform vessel elements, tracheids associated with vessels, and libriform fibers as additional tracheary elements; and well-developed axial parenchyma. Multiple cambial variants were observed, including anomalous parenchyma proliferation, anomalous vascular strands, successive cambia, and a novel type of intraxylary phloem. -
Cyphostemma Juttae SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk (Dinter & Gilg) Desc
TAXON: Cyphostemma juttae SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. Taxon: Cyphostemma juttae (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. Family: Vitaceae Common Name(s): Namibian grape Synonym(s): Cissus juttae Dinter & Gilg tree grape wild grape Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 14 Sep 2016 WRA Score: -2.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Succulent Tree, Ornamental, Toxic, Fire-Resistant, Fleshy-Fruit Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, -
1 History of Vitaceae Inferred from Morphology-Based
HISTORY OF VITACEAE INFERRED FROM MORPHOLOGY-BASED PHYLOGENY AND THE FOSSIL RECORD OF SEEDS By IJU CHEN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Iju Chen 2 To my parents and my sisters, 2-, 3-, 4-ju 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Dr. Steven Manchester for providing the important fossil information, sharing the beautiful images of the fossils, and reviewing the dissertation. I thank Dr. Walter Judd for providing valuable discussion. I thank Dr. Hongshan Wang, Dr. Dario de Franceschi, Dr. Mary Dettmann, and Dr. Peta Hayes for access to the paleobotanical specimens in museum collections, Dr. Kent Perkins for arranging the herbarium loans, Dr. Suhua Shi for arranging the field trip in China, and Dr. Betsy R. Jackes for lending extant Australian vitaceous seeds and arranging the field trip in Australia. This research is partially supported by National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grants award number 0608342. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................9 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................11 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................14 -
Phylogenetic Analysis of Vitaceae Based on Plastid Sequence Data
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF VITACEAE BASED ON PLASTID SEQUENCE DATA by PAUL NAUDE Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCIENTAE in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR: DR. M. VAN DER BANK December 2005 I declare that this dissertation has been composed by myself and the work contained within, unless otherwise stated, is my own Paul Naude (December 2005) TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Abstract iii Index of Figures iv Index of Tables vii Author Abbreviations viii Acknowledgements ix CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Vitaceae 1 1.2 Genera of Vitaceae 6 1.2.1 Vitis 6 1.2.2 Cayratia 7 1.2.3 Cissus 8 1.2.4 Cyphostemma 9 1.2.5 Clematocissus 9 1.2.6 Ampelopsis 10 1.2.7 Ampelocissus 11 1.2.8 Parthenocissus 11 1.2.9 Rhoicissus 12 1.2.10 Tetrastigma 13 1.3 The genus Leea 13 1.4 Previous taxonomic studies on Vitaceae 14 1.5 Main objectives 18 CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 21 2.1 DNA extraction and purification 21 2.2 Primer trail 21 2.3 PCR amplification 21 2.4 Cycle sequencing 22 2.5 Sequence alignment 22 2.6 Sequencing analysis 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 32 3.1 Results from primer trail 32 3.2 Statistical results 32 3.3 Plastid region results 34 3.3.1 rpL 16 34 3.3.2 accD-psa1 34 3.3.3 rbcL 34 3.3.4 trnL-F 34 3.3.5 Combined data 34 CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 42 4.1 Molecular evolution 42 4.2 Morphological characters 42 4.3 Previous taxonomic studies 45 4.4 Conclusions 46 CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA 59 ii ABSTRACT Five plastid regions as source for phylogenetic information were used to investigate the relationships among ten genera of Vitaceae. -
Cop16 Prop. 65
Original language: French CoP16 Prop. 65 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Sixteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Bangkok (Thailand), 3-14 March 2013 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Include the species Adenia firingalavensis in CITES Appendix II, in accordance with Article II, paragraph 2(a) of the Convention and Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP13), Annex 2 a, paragraph A. B. Proponent Madagascar* C. Supporting statement 1. Taxonomy 1.1 Class: Dicotyledones 1.2 Order: Violales 1.3 Family: Passifloraceae 1.4 Genus, species, including author and year: Adenia firingalavensis (Drake ex Jum.) Harms 1.5 Scientific synonyms: Ophiocaulon firingalavense Drake ex Jum. (1903) 1.6 Common names: English: Bottle liana Malagasy: holabe (Sakalava), holaboay, Kajabaka (North of Madagascar), lazamaitso (Tuléar), Lokoranga (Morondava), Olabory, Trangahy. Vietnamese: Ga loi lam mao den 1.7 Code numbers: 2. Overview Adenia firingalavensis is a climbing shrub that often has swollen roots and stem bases. Its leaves are deciduous and usually appear after the plant has flowered. This endemic species to Madagascar is collected from the wild and has become rare. However, it is not yet protected by the CITES Convention. The present document suggests that the species Adenia firingalavensis meets the criteria for inclusion in CITES Appendix II in accordance with Article II, paragraph 2(a) of the Convention and Resolution * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat or the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Exploiting the Potential of Agave for Bioenergy in Marginal Lands Dalal
Exploiting the Potential of Agave for Bioenergy in Marginal Lands Dalal Bader Al Baijan A Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biology Newcastle University July 2015 Declaration I hereby certify that this thesis is the result of my own investigations and that no part of it has been submitted for any degree other than Doctor of Philosophy at the Newcastle University. All references to the work of others have been duly acknowledged. Dalal B. Al Baijan ii “It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change” Charles Darwin Origin of Species, 1859 iii Abstract Drylands cover approximately 40% of the global land area, with minimum rainfall levels, high temperatures in the summer months, and they are prone to degradation and desertification. Drought is one of the prime abiotic stresses limiting crop production. Agave plants are known to be well adapted to dry, arid conditions, producing comparable amounts of biomass to the most water-use efficient C3 and C4 crops but only require 20% of water for cultivation, making them good candidates for bioenergy production from marginal lands. Agave plants have high sugar contents, along with high biomass yield. More importantly, Agave is an extremely water-use efficient (WUE) plant due to its use of Crassulacean acid metabolism. Most of the research conducted on Agave has centered on A. tequilana due to its economic importance in the tequila production industry. However, there are other species of Agave that display higher biomass yields compared to A. -
Australian Natural History Australian Natural History Published Quarterly by the Australian Museum, 6-8 College Street, Sydney
AUSTRALIAN NATURAL HISTORY AUSTRALIAN NATURAL HISTORY PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM, 6-8 COLLEGE STREET, SYDNEY. TRUST PRESIDENT, JOE BAKER. MUSEUM DIRECTOR, DESMOND GRIFFIN VOLUM E 20 NUMBER 6 1981 This sun orchid, known as Thelymitra Altocumulus developed from a sheet of altostratus provided this memorable dawn near Mt Watt, truncata, is thought to be a natural hybrid Central Australia. Photo Robert Jones. between two commoner species, T. ixioides and T. pauciflora (or T. nuda). Obviously hybridisation is an uncommon or local phenomenon, or the parent species would lose their distinctness. Photo D. McAlpine. EDITOR CONTENTS Roland Hughes FROM THE INSIDE 173 ASSISTANT EDITOR Editorial Barbara Purse CIRCULATION PAGEANTRY IN THE SKIES 175 Bruce Colbey by Julian Hollis AMAZING ORCHIDS OF SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA 181 by David McAlpine Annual Subscription: Australia, $A8.00; New MAMMALS FOR ALL SEASONS 185 Zealand, $NZ11.50; other countries, $A9.50. by Roland Hughes Single copies: Australia, $A2.20, $A2.65 posted; New Zealand, $NZ3.00; other countries, $A3.40. COMMON BENT-WING BAT, Miniopterus schreibersii 187 For renewal or subscription please forward the Centrefold appropriate cheque/money order or bankcard number and authority made payable to Australian Natural History, the Australian Museum, PO Box A LOOK AT THE DINGO 191 A285, Sydney South 2001. by Bob Harden New Zealand subscribers should make cheque or money order payable to the New Zealand Govern DINOSAUR DIGGING IN VICTORIA 195 ment Printer, Private Bag, Wellington. by Timothy Flannery and Thomas Rich Subscribers from other countries please note that moneys must be paid in Australian currency. IN REVIEW 199 Opinions expressed by the authors are their own and do not necessarily represent the policies or GOOD THINGS GROW IN GLASS 201 views of the Australian Museum. -
Adenia Barthelatii (Passifloraceae), a New Endemic Species of Mayotte and Its Phylogenetic Status Within the Genus Adenia
Phytotaxa 99 (1): 40–48 (2013) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.99.1.3 Adenia barthelatii (Passifloraceae), a new endemic species of Mayotte and its phylogenetic status within the genus Adenia MARC PIGNAL1*, ROXANA YOCKTENG1, DAVID J. HEARN2 & JEAN-NOËL LABAT1,┼ 1 MNHN Paris, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205 MNHN/CNRS Origine Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité, 16 rue Buffon, C.P. 39, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France; email: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Baltimore, MD 21252, USA; email: [email protected] * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Morphological characters support the description of a new species of Passifloraceae from Mayotte Island: Adenia barthelatii M. Pignal, Yockteng, Hearn & Labat. Morphological and molecular data suggest that A. barthelatii belongs to the ‘warty-gland’ subclade of Clade V defined by Hearn elsewhere. Since the warty-gland clade is restricted to the Malagasy region we suggest a Malagasy origin of this Maorian species of Adenia. Key words: Passifloraceae, Adenia, Comoro Archipelago, Mayotte Résumé L'étude des caractères morphologiques permet la description d’une espèce nouvelle de Passifloraceae de l’île de Mayotte: Adenia barthelatii M. Pignal, Yockteng, Hearn & Labat. Les analyses morphologiques et moléculaires suggèrent que Adenia barthelatii appartient au clade V (« à glandes verruqueuses ») défini par Hearn auparavant. En raison du fait que le clade à glandes verruqueuses est restreint à la région malgache, Ces résultats laissent postuler une origine malgache de cette espèce mahoraise d’Adenia. -
062 Passifloraceae
GUIDE TO THE GENERA OF LIANAS AND CLIMBING PLANTS IN THE NEOTROPICS PASSIFLORACEAE By Christian Feuillet & P. Acevedo-Rodríguez (Feb 2020) A predominantly tropical family with few species reaching warm-temperate regions, of about 15-17 genera and 850 species of tendrilled lianas or vines, or sometimes shrubs, small trees, or annuals with a perennial rootstock or a fleshy caudex. Represented in the Neotropics by 4 genera and about 600 species, occupying diverse habitats, from savanna to flooded forests, but most abundant in tropical rain forests on terra firme. Most species occur at low to middle elevations, but some grow above the tree line on Andean slopes. Diagnostics: Distinguished by the flowers with Dilkea sp., photo by L. Marinho an extrastaminal corona and usually a gynophore, and by the common presence of petiolar nectaries. Sterile collections of Passifloraceae may be confused with members of Cucurbitaceae as both families may have simple, alternate leaves, axillary tendrils, and petiolar nectaries. However, Passifloraceae is differentiated by the presence of stipules, unbranched axillary tendrils (trifid in Dilkea) [vs. exstipulate and axillary-lateral tendrils (forming a 90º angle with the petiole) that are commonly branched in Cucurbitaceae]. Also, resembles Vitaceae but tendrils and inflorescence in this family are opposite to the leaves, not axillary. 1 General Characters 1. STEMS. Stems are woody or herbaceous depending on the species. Woody, mature stems are usually 1 to 2 cm in diameter, although in cultivated Passiflora they may reach 8 cm or more in diameter, and up to 25 m in length. Stems are cylindrical (figs. 1a & b), trigonous (fig. -
ABSTRACTS 117 Systematics Section, BSA / ASPT / IOPB
Systematics Section, BSA / ASPT / IOPB 466 HARDY, CHRISTOPHER R.1,2*, JERROLD I DAVIS1, breeding system. This effectively reproductively isolates the species. ROBERT B. FADEN3, AND DENNIS W. STEVENSON1,2 Previous studies have provided extensive genetic, phylogenetic and 1Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2New York natural selection data which allow for a rare opportunity to now Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458; 3Dept. of Botany, National study and interpret ontogenetic changes as sources of evolutionary Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, novelties in floral form. Three populations of M. cardinalis and four DC 20560 populations of M. lewisii (representing both described races) were studied from initiation of floral apex to anthesis using SEM and light Phylogenetics of Cochliostema, Geogenanthus, and microscopy. Allometric analyses were conducted on data derived an undescribed genus (Commelinaceae) using from floral organs. Sympatric populations of the species from morphology and DNA sequence data from 26S, 5S- Yosemite National Park were compared. Calyces of M. lewisii initi- NTS, rbcL, and trnL-F loci ate later than those of M. cardinalis relative to the inner whorls, and sepals are taller and more acute. Relative times of initiation of phylogenetic study was conducted on a group of three small petals, sepals and pistil are similar in both species. Petal shapes dif- genera of neotropical Commelinaceae that exhibit a variety fer between species throughout development. Corolla aperture of unusual floral morphologies and habits. Morphological A shape becomes dorso-ventrally narrow during development of M. characters and DNA sequence data from plastid (rbcL, trnL-F) and lewisii, and laterally narrow in M. -
Phylogeny and Systematics of the Rauvolfioideae
PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS Andre´ O. Simo˜es,2 Tatyana Livshultz,3 Elena OF THE RAUVOLFIOIDEAE Conti,2 and Mary E. Endress2 (APOCYNACEAE) BASED ON MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE1 ABSTRACT To elucidate deeper relationships within Rauvolfioideae (Apocynaceae), a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using sequences from five DNA regions of the chloroplast genome (matK, rbcL, rpl16 intron, rps16 intron, and 39 trnK intron), as well as morphology. Bayesian and parsimony analyses were performed on sequences from 50 taxa of Rauvolfioideae and 16 taxa from Apocynoideae. Neither subfamily is monophyletic, Rauvolfioideae because it is a grade and Apocynoideae because the subfamilies Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae, and Asclepiadoideae nest within it. In addition, three of the nine currently recognized tribes of Rauvolfioideae (Alstonieae, Melodineae, and Vinceae) are polyphyletic. We discuss morphological characters and identify pervasive homoplasy, particularly among fruit and seed characters previously used to delimit tribes in Rauvolfioideae, as the major source of incongruence between traditional classifications and our phylogenetic results. Based on our phylogeny, simple style-heads, syncarpous ovaries, indehiscent fruits, and winged seeds have evolved in parallel numerous times. A revised classification is offered for the subfamily, its tribes, and inclusive genera. Key words: Apocynaceae, classification, homoplasy, molecular phylogenetics, morphology, Rauvolfioideae, system- atics. During the past decade, phylogenetic studies, (Civeyrel et al., 1998; Civeyrel & Rowe, 2001; Liede especially those employing molecular data, have et al., 2002a, b; Rapini et al., 2003; Meve & Liede, significantly improved our understanding of higher- 2002, 2004; Verhoeven et al., 2003; Liede & Meve, level relationships within Apocynaceae s.l., leading to 2004; Liede-Schumann et al., 2005). the recognition of this family as a strongly supported Despite significant insights gained from studies clade composed of the traditional Apocynaceae s. -
The Genus Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston (Vitaceae) in Angola
Bradleya 29/2011 pages 79 – 92 The genus Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston (Vitaceae) in Angola Filipe de Sousa1, Estrela Figueiredo2 and Gideon F. Smith3 1 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden (email: [email protected]) (corresponding author). 2 Department of Botany, P.O.Box 77000, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6031 South Africa / Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001-455 Coimbra, Portugal (email: [email protected]). 3 Office of the Chief Director: Biosystematics Research & Biodiversity Collections, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa / H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa and Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001-455 Coimbra, Portugal (email: [email protected]). Summary: An overview of the 22 taxa recorded in gola were treated for Conspectus florae angolensis the genus Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston (Exell & Mendonça, 1954) and more recently enu- (Vitaceae) in Angola is presented. An merated for Plants of Angola by Retief (2008). identification key to all taxa recorded is provided, These treatments recognised five Vitaceae genera together with a referenced list of taxa with occurring naturally in the country [Ampelocissus synonymy, geographical distribution range, Planch., Cayratia Juss., Cissus L., Cyphostemma endemic status and the citation of type specimens (Planch.) Alston and Rhoicissus Planch.], while that originated from the country. Distribution Vitis vinifera L. was recorded as having escaped maps are also presented. A list of herbarium from cultivation.