Liparis Ascendens (Orchidaceae)

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Liparis ascendens (Orchidaceae). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020

Technical Report · December 2020

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Liparis ascendens

Assessment by: Simo-Droissart, M., Stévart, T. & Droissart, V.

View on www.iucnredlist.org

Citation: Simo-Droissart, M., Stévart, T. & Droissart, V. 2020. Liparis ascendens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T87750711A87757849. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020- 3.RLTS.T87750711A87757849.en

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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family

Plantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Orchidaceae

Scientific Name: Liparis ascendens P.J.Cribb

Taxonomic Source(s): Board of Trustees, RBG Kew. 2020. Plants of the World Online Portal. Richmond, UK Available at: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org. Assessment Information

Red List Category & Criteria: Endangered B2ab(iii) ver 3.1

Year Published: 2020

Date Assessed: November 28, 2016

Justification: The species is given a Red List status of Endangered (EN). The extent of occurrence (EOO) of Liparis ascendens is estimated to be 36,773 km2, far exceeding the 20,000 km2 threshold for Vulnerable under criterion B1, whereas its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated to be 20 km2, which falls within the thresholds for Endangered under criterion B2. The species is known from five subpopulations in Cameroon, Gabon and Republic of the Congo, and these five subpopulations represent three locations (sensu IUCN 2019), which falls within the thresholds for Endangered under criterion B2. All the collection sites are in unprotected areas and are easily accessible by local residents. There are no current conservation actions for these subpopulations. The main threats to the species are shifting agriculture in Cameroon, mining and farmer activities in Gabon and Republic of the Congo and selective logging. We project that this degradation will continue in the future. Considering all these facts, Liparis ascendens is assigned an IUCN status of EN B2ab(iii). Geographic Range

Range Description: Liparis ascendens is recorded to occur in Cameroon, Gabon and Republic of the Congo. The species occurs around 900 m elevation. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is estimated to be 36,773 km2 while the area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated to be 20 km2.

Country Occurrence: Native, Extant (resident): Cameroon; Congo; Gabon

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Liparis ascendens – published in 2020. 2 https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T87750711A87757849.en Population The population of Liparis ascendens is currently thought to be decreasing because the habitat of some subpopulations is threatened by anthropogenic activities such as shifting agriculture and mining. The species is a geophyte or lithophyte. The number of individuals is not known and cannot be estimated. Current Population Trend: Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) Liparis ascendens occurs on moist mossy soil on rock, and on open place on rocks, in forest with Leonardoxa sp.

Systems: Terrestrial

Use and Trade (see Appendix for additional information) The species is not known to be used.

Threats (see Appendix for additional information) The habitat of Liparis ascendens is threatened by anthropogenic activities such as mining activities in Gabon and Republic of the Congo, shifting agriculture in Cameroon and selective logging.

Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information) All six known collections of Liparis ascendens have been made outside protected areas, of which some are easily accessible. There are no current conservation actions for these subpopulations. In addition, there is no information about ex situ cultivation of the species. Credits

Assessor(s): Simo-Droissart, M., Stévart, T. & Droissart, V.

Reviewer(s): Gereau, R.E., Rankou, H. & Lachenaud, O.

Authority/Authorities: IUCN SSC Orchid Specialist Group

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Liparis ascendens – published in 2020. 3 https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T87750711A87757849.en Bibliography Cribb, P.J. 1996. New species and records of Orchidaceae from West Africa. Kew Bulletin 51(2): 353-363.

IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-3. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 10 December 2020).

IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf.

Szlachetko, D.L. and Olszewski, T.S. 2001. Orchidacées 2. In: G. Achoundong and P. Morat (eds), Flore du Cameroun 35, pp. 321-665. MNHN, Paris - Herbier National, Yaoundé.

Citation Simo-Droissart, M., Stévart, T. & Droissart, V. 2020. Liparis ascendens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T87750711A87757849. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020- 3.RLTS.T87750711A87757849.en

Disclaimer To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.

External Resources For Supplementary Material, and for Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.

Habitats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Major Season Suitability Habitat Importance? 1. Forest -> 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland - Suitable -

Plant Growth Forms (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Plant Growth Form GE. Geophyte

L. Lithophyte

Threats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual & Ongoing - - Low impact: 3 perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.1. Shifting agriculture Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation 2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance 2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual & Ongoing - - Low impact: 3 perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.2. Small-holder farming Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation 2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance 2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.2. Wood & pulp Ongoing - - Low impact: 3 plantations -> 2.2.1. Small-holder plantations Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation 2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance 2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming Ongoing - - Low impact: 3 & ranching -> 2.3.2. Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation 2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance 2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Liparis ascendens – published in 2020. 5 https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T87750711A87757849.en 3. Energy production & mining -> 3.2. Mining & Ongoing - - Low impact: 3 quarrying Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation 2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance 2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects 5. Biological resource use -> 5.3. Logging & wood Ongoing - - Low impact: 3 harvesting -> 5.3.3. Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation 2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance 2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects

Conservation Actions in Place (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Conservation Action in Place In-place research and monitoring

Action Recovery Plan: No

Systematic monitoring scheme: No

In-place land/water protection

Conservation sites identified: No

Percentage of population protected by PAs: 0

Area based regional management plan: Unknown

Occurs in at least one protected area: No

Invasive species control or prevention: No

In-place species management

Harvest management plan: No

Successfully reintroduced or introduced benignly: No

Subject to ex-situ conservation: No

In-place education

Subject to recent education and awareness programmes: Unknown

Included in international legislation: Yes

Subject to any international management / trade controls: Yes

Conservation Actions Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Liparis ascendens – published in 2020. 6 https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T87750711A87757849.en Conservation Action Needed 1. Land/water protection -> 1.1. Site/area protection

1. Land/water protection -> 1.2. Resource & habitat protection

3. Species management -> 3.2. Species recovery

3. Species management -> 3.4. Ex-situ conservation -> 3.4.1. Captive breeding/artificial propagation

3. Species management -> 3.4. Ex-situ conservation -> 3.4.2. Genome resource bank

4. Education & awareness -> 4.1. Formal education

4. Education & awareness -> 4.3. Awareness & communications

Research Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Research Needed 1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends

1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology

1. Research -> 1.5. Threats

3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends

3. Monitoring -> 3.4. Habitat trends

Additional Data Fields

Distribution Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) (km²): 20

Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): Unknown

Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 36772.9

Extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO): Unknown

Number of Locations: 3

Extreme fluctuations in the number of locations: Unknown

Lower elevation limit (m): 900

Upper elevation limit (m): 900

Population Extreme fluctuations: Unknown

Population severely fragmented: No

No. of subpopulations: 5

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Liparis ascendens – published in 2020. 7 https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T87750711A87757849.en Population Extreme fluctuations in subpopulations: Unknown

All individuals in one subpopulation: No

Habitats and Ecology Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Liparis ascendens – published in 2020. 8 https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T87750711A87757849.en The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2020: T87750711A87757849 Scope(s): Global Language: English

The IUCN Red List Partnership

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership.

The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™

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