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VERHANDLUNGEN Des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg VERHANDLUNGEN des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg NF 47 | 2013 Schriftleitung Dr. Schmidt-Rhaesa, Hamburg Sonderdruck GOECKE & EVERS Verh. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg NF 47 | 2013 Page 5–251 5 Matthias Schultz | Hamburg The Orchid Types of the Herbarium Hamburgense (HBG) Keywords herbarium, orchids, types Abstract An inventory of Orchidaceae type specimens kept in the Herbarium Hamburgense (HBG) of the University of Hamburg is presented. 1034 verified type specimens have been located. These represent 172 genera, 805 species and 34 infraspecific entities at subspecies (2), variety (30) or form (2) level. Additionally, 65 sheets marked as types representing 60 putatively unpublished names are listed in an appendix. Collection data as well as type status and synonyms are provided. References are made to electro- nic resources providing access to full collection metadata as well as high resolution images. Author’s Address Matthias Schultz, Herbarium Hamburgense, Biocenter Klein-Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, email: [email protected] 6 NF 47 | 2013 Matthias Schultz Introduction The Orchidaceae is the largest of the monocot plant families. It is cosmopolitan, but the diversity is highest in the tropics. The family comprises almost 800 genera and more than 20.000 species (Mabberley 2008). Many orchids have been – and still are – much esteemed for their showiness and the Orchidaceae is certainly one of the most important horticultural plant families. Hamburg was the “continental centre of orchi- domania” during the middle of the 19th century second only to the United Kingdom, the global centre of the exaggerated passion for orchids at that time (Poppendieck 2006). The collections of orchids cultivated in the glass houses of wealthy Hamburg merchants such as Gustav Wilhelm Schiller (1803–1870), Heinrich Johann Merck senior (1770–1853) and Martin Johann Jenisch senior (1760–1827) were unique and internationally renowned. Moreover, Hamburg was also the domain of Heinrich Gus- tav Reichenbach (1824–1889) who – after the death of John Lindley (1799–1865) – became the undisputed “king of orchids” during the second half of the 19th century. Reichenbach was appointed professor of botany at the Akademische Gymnasium, a precursor of the Hamburg University, and was director of the Hamburg Botanical Gar- den from 1863 until 1889 (Poppendieck 2006). During his time in Hamburg, he edited “Otia botanica Hamburgensia”, a kind of program to the lectures held by Reichenbach at the Akademische Gymnasium summerizing the results of his studies of orchids sent to him by eminent collectors such as Friedrich Carl Lehmann in South America, Charles Samuel Pollock Parish in Burma or Georg August Schweinfurth in North- east Africa. He also continued editing “Xenia Orchidacea” with illustrations and descriptions of rare or important orchidaceous plants. Reichenbach also treated the orchids in Berthold Seemann’s “Flora Vitiensis”, inter alia studying orchids collected by Eduard Graeffe (Gräffe) in Samoa and Fiji. Graeffe collected natural history items during expanded travels in the South Pacific for Johan Cesar Godeffroy VI., a whealthy trader and ship owner who had founded a private natural history museum in Hamburg (1861–1885). Reichenbach also determined large amounts of plants col- lected by Amalie Dietrich in Queensland, Australia, also commissioned by Godeffroy VI. Reichenbach maintained a most significant herbarium which, however, did not stay at Hamburg. The herbarium was willed to the Natural History Museum at Vienna under the strange condition that it must not be consulted by other botanists for 25 years after his death. Today, the Herbarium Hamburgense (HBG) holds only few Reichenbach specimens, mostly duplicates of various plant families including orchids that have been acquired by exchange and through various sources. The most impor- tant part of the orchid collection at HBG is the herbarium of another distinguished German orchideologist and successor to Reichenbach as editor of the famous “Xenia Orchidacea”: Friedrich (Fritz) Ludwig Wilhelm Kränzlin (1847–1934). A detailed bio- graphy of Kränzlin has been published by Röth (2006). Kränzlin was working as a The Orchid Types of the Herbarium Hamburgense (HBG) 7 teacher in Berlin. He devoted most of his spare time to the study of orchids and described more than 1.400 species new to science. After his retirement he moved to Wolfenbüttel and it seems that he visited regularly the orchid nursery of the Hamburg Botanical Garden. This is evident from several publications by Kränzlin in the “Mittei- lungen des Instituts für Allgemeine Botanik Hamburg” and from a number of new spe- cies described from living plants cultivated in the Hamburg Botanical Garden. Further- more, Kränzlin provided determinations of orchids cultivated in the green houses. This is evident from corresponding marks in orchid catalogues from the 1930ies which are still kept in the HBG archives. For a long time it was believed that Kränzlin’s orch- ids had been destroyed completely in the Berlin Botanical Museum during Allied air raids in World War II. However, Kränzlin’s private orchid herbarium had been acquired by HBG in 1935 (Poppendieck 2001) – and thus escaped Allied bombing. It was kept separately from the main collections (“Generalherbar”) until the evacuation of large portions of the Hamburg Herbarium in 1943. The evacuated material com- prised all monocots (including Kränzlin’s private orchid herbarium) and the dicots up to the Geraniaceae according to the Englerian system. It was brought to Schloß Muzschen near Leipzig in 1944, and the material was seized by the Red Armee after the war. It was brought to Leningrad (St. Petersburg), and later on to East Berlin where it remained safe but unavailable. Eventually, the evacuated HBG material was returned to Hamburg in 1990 and it has been made available again to the scientific public since 1992 (Poppendieck 2001). After its rediscovery, the significant Kränzlin orchid collec- tion immediately received attention from various, international specialists. The herbarium of the University of Hamburg holds some 200 boxes of dried orchids containing approximately 10,000 sheets. The plant material originates from all parts of the world. As may well be expected, Germany and Central Europe are particularly well covered. However, the species diversity in orchids is much higher in regions such as Southeast Asia, the Melanesian Archipelago, Oceania and Australia, tropical Africa, Central America and the Caribbean, and in tropical South America. As one of the big- gest herbaria in Germany and Europe, HBG holds a significant orchid collection and even today types of newly described taxa are designated to HBG. A first inventory of the orchids preserved in HBG has been published by Christenson (1994). This paper forms the basis of the present catalogue. Christenson focused on the rediscovered Kränzlin herbarium. He presented a list of 383 types of orchids described by Krän- zlin that were found to be extant at HBG. Examples of labels found on sheets of the Kränzlin herbarium are shown in Fig.1. In addition, Christenson summarized also a significant portion of types of species described by other authors and concluded that HBG holds an orchid collection of international importance. Beside the Kränzlin orchid herbarium, HBG holds relevant type collections espe- cially from the Melanesian and Papuasian region as well as from tropical South Amer- ica and tropical Africa (Figs. 2 & 3). Certainly one of the most important collections at 8 NF 47 | 2013 Matthias Schultz Fig.1 Examples of labels of Kränzlin-types. A–E. determinations and type marks in Kränzlin’s hand (s). C. collec- tion data written by C.L. Spegazzini (l). D. locality and collection number written by E. Graeffe on labels of the Museum Godeffroy (n). E. collection data written by P. Dusén (t). HBG is that of Ernst Heinrich Georg Ule (1854–1915) made in Brazil and Peru between 1883 and 1907. For many years, Ule had a contract with the Herbarium Ham- burgense to collect plants, and he repeatedly received payments for incoming material that eventually amounted to several thousand sheets. Some are obvious duplicates with printed labels, whereas other sheets bear handwritten labels and these apparently belong to Ule’s private herbarium. In fact, HBG seems to hold the 1st set of Ule’s plants – at least up to number 7.500. Higher numbers are missing in HBG since Ule entered into a long, and increasingly unfriendly correspondence with Hans Karl Albert Winkler (1877–1945) who was director of the Institut für Allgemeine Botanik Hamburg. Winkler complained about Ule making too many duplicates from the material which was originally purchased by and destined to Hamburg. In turn, Ule lamented about the poor payments he received and tried to negotiate the conditions of the contract with the result that Winkler eventually cancelled any payments. The Orchid Types of the Herbarium Hamburgense (HBG) 9 Fig.2 Examples of labels of orchid types at HBG 1. A. collection data written by E. Ule (s), species epithet and “sp. nov.” by A. Cogniaux. B. determination by J.J. Smith (l), locality data handwritten by HBG staff. C. label completely in the handwriting of K. Moritz. D & F. species name and locality data by J. Mildbraed (t), F with characteristic annotation by E.A. Christenson. E. label of Schlieben’s “Pflanzen aus Ost-Afrika” written by HBG staff. Another important collection at HBG is that of the beforementioned H.K.A. Winkler. He made a large collection of plants in central Borneo in 1924–1925, at a time when the interest in foreign plant collections in Hamburg shiftet from Africa and tropical America to the Melanesian region. Many families of the Winkler collection have been studied thouroughly (Irmscher 1927). The orchids were treated by Johannes Jacobus Smith (1867–1947) who described no less than 53 taxa as new. There are many other relevant collections at HBG. Examples include: 10 NF 47 | 2013 Matthias Schultz Fig.3 Examples of labels of orchid types at HBG 2.
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