Armenian Philology in the Modern Era Handbook of Oriental Studies Handbuch Der Orientalistik
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Armenian Philology in the Modern Era Handbook of Oriental Studies Handbuch der Orientalistik section eight Uralic and Central Asian Studies Edited by Nicola Di Cosmo VOLUME 23/1 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ho8 Armenian Philology in the Modern Era From Manuscript to Digital Text Edited by Valentina Calzolari With the Collaboration of Michael E. Stone LEIDEN | BOSTON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Armenian philology in the modern era : from manuscript to digital text / edited by Valentina Calzolari ; with the collaboration of Michael E. Stone. pages cm — (Handbook of Oriental studies = Handbuch der Orientalistik. Section eight, Uralic & Central Asia ; volume 23/1) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-25994-2 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-27096-1 (e-book) 1. Armenian philology. I. Calzolari, Valentina, editor of compilation. II. Stone, Michael E., 1938– PK8002.A75 2015 491’.992—dc23 2014009260 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 0169-8524 isbn 978-90-04-25994-2 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-27096-1 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Foreword ix List of Contributors x Introduction xi Sigla xv Part ONE Manuscripts, Inscriptions, and Printing The Archaeology of the Armenian Manuscript: Codicology, Paleography, and Beyond 5 Dickran Kouymjian Collections and Catalogues of Armenian Manuscripts 23 Bernard Coulie On the Historical and Literary Value of the Colophons in Armenian Manuscripts 65 Anna Sirinian Armenian Epigraphy 101 Tim Greenwood Armenian Publishing and the Quest for Modernity (16th–19th Centuries) 122 Raymond H. Kévorkian The Methodology of Textual Edition Text Editing: Principles and Methods 137 Bernard Coulie Digital Techniques for Critical Edition 175 Tara Andrews vi contents Linguistics, Normative Grammar, Dialectology, and Philology Connections between Linguistics, Normative Grammar, and Philology 199 Moreno Morani Manuscripts and Dialects 214 Jos J.S. Weitenberg Part Two Case Studies Bible and Apocrypha The Armenian Bible: Status Quaestionis 231 Claude Cox The Armenian Apocryphal Literature of the Old Testament in the Twentieth Century 247 Michael E. Stone The Editing of Christian Apocrypha in Armenian: Should We Turn Over a New Leaf? 264 Valentina Calzolari Patristics, Historiography, Hellenizing School and Philosophical Literature, Medieval Poetry The Church Fathers in Armenia and the Armenian Fathers 295 Bernard Outtier The Major Works of Armenian Historiography (Classical and Medieval) 303 Robert W. Thomson The Hellenizing School 321 Gohar Muradyan contents vii Philosophical Literature in Ancient and Medieval Armenia 349 Valentina Calzolari Medieval Poetic Texts 377 Theo M. van Lint Modern and Contemporary Periods Philology, Documentary Research, and Channels of Cultural Diffusion from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century 417 Paolo Lucca The Publication of Western Armenian Literature in the Twentieth Century (1920–2000) 466 Harout Kurkjian Literary Production in Twentieth-Century Armenia: From Stifling State Control to the Uncertainties of Independence 504 Myrna Douzjian Towards a “Discourse on Method” in Armenian Studies: A Survey of Recent Debates with Special Regard to the Problem of Textual Hermeneutics 532 Boghos L. Zekiyan Index codicum et papyrorum 559 General Index 562 Foreword This volume Armenian Philology in the Modern Era: From Manuscript to Digital Text is the first of a series sponsored by the International Association for Armenian Studies (Association Internationale des Études Arméniennes – AIEA), in the framework of the “Armenian Studies 2000” project. Launched at the turn of the twentieth century by the then President, Professor Michael E. Stone, and Secretary of the Association, Professor Jos J.S. Weitenberg, with the scientific guidance of Professor B. Levon Zekiyan, this AIEA project has two chief aims: i. to present an in-depth state of the art in the main fields of Armenology; ii. to indicate new perspectives and desiderata for further research. The “Armenian Studies 2000” project is organized so as to produce seven volumes dedi- cated to the major fields of Armenian Studies: 1) Philology 2) Linguistics 3) Literature 4) History: Ancient and Medieval Eras 5) History: Modern and Contemporary Eras 6) Religious and Intellectual history 7) Art and Architecture With this scientific and editorial enterprise, the AIEA committee wishes to foster new methodological approaches and to promote new interest for Armenian Studies. It is our hope that these volumes will pave the way for new directions and new fields of research. As scholarly reference works, these volumes are addressed not only to the Armenological readership, but also to scholars and students from broader areas of the Oriental Studies. Acknowledgments are due to the Editorial Board of the Handbook of Oriental Studies for welcoming this project in their collection, and especially to Ms Patricia Radder and Mr Albert Hoffstadt for their effective assistance. A heartfelt thank is due to the anonymous referee of the present volume for his/her careful reading of the man- uscript and numerous relevant suggestions. We also wish to express our gratitude to all editors and contributors of the “Armenian Studies 2000” volumes. Valentina Calzolari AIEA President Geneva, July 2013 List of Contributors Tara ANDREWS Universität Bern Valentina Calzolari Université de Genève Bernard COULIE Université catholique de Louvain Claude COX McMaster Divinity College, Hamilton, Ontario Myrna DOUZJIAN Temple University Tim Greenwood University of St Andrews Raymond H. Kévorkian Université de Paris VIII Dickran KOUYMJIAN California State University, Fresno Harout KURKJIAN Athens Paolo Lucca Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Moreno MORANI Università di Genova Gohar MURADYAN Mashtotsʿ Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (Matenadaran), Yerevan Bernard OUTTIER CNRS, Paris Anna SIRINIAN Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna Michael E. Stone The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Robert W. THOMSON University of Oxford Theo M. van LINT University of Oxford Jos J.S. Weitenberg † Universiteit Leiden Boghos L. ZEKIYAN Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Introduction Philology is doubtless one of the most investigated fields of Armenian studies. Since the impetus given by the Mekhitarist Fathers in the nineteenth century and up to the present, textual criticism, and philological studies in general, influenced a large part of the Armenian researches and partially oriented the academic curricula. Modern tex- tual criticism was developed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries chiefly by classical and biblical scholars. This statement is true for Armenian philology also. Amongst the most developed areas, one may mention, for example, the numerous studies dealing with the ancient Armenian translations from classical Greek literature as well as from Greek and Syriac patristic and exegetical works, aiming to assess the value of the Armenian witnesses for the critical restoration of the Greek or Syriac texts themselves. At the turn of the twentieth century, it was important to provide an overview of the main achievements of philology when applied to Armenian sources and on the meth- odological approaches implemented in this field till now. This is the aim of the present publication on Armenian Philology in the Modern Era: From Manuscript to Digital Text. This volume is the first in a projected series of seven to be hosted in the Handbook of Oriental Studies. It was therefore confronted with the difficult task of defining the guidelines and the nature of the enterprise. In the frame of the “Armenian Studies 2000” project launched by the AIEA (Association Internationale des Études Arméniennes – International Association for Armenian Studies),1 different specialists were requested to assess the achievements in their respective fields of study, to describe the methodological approaches that have been tested and to identify possible fruitful directions and subjects for further researches in the future. The various contributors wrote a chapter, in somes cases two, answering the ques- tions they had been asked from the perspective of their own expertise. As is usual in humanities and social sciences, length of the chapters may depend on many factors, including the prolixity or the conciseness of the authors. It has not been deemed nec- essary to reduce the works of the authors to a “one size fits all” model; it has been judged more appropriate to let the analyses express the diversity of views and of char- acters, keeping alive the involvement of the scholars