NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH Research Paper No. 152 When the displaced return: challenges to ‘reintegration’ in Angola Alexandra Kaun Office of Refugee and Asylum, USCIS Washington, D.C. USA E-mail:
[email protected] January 2008 Policy Development and Evaluation Service Policy Development and Evaluation Service United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2 Switzerland E-mail:
[email protected] Web Site: www.unhcr.org These papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well as external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online under ‘publications’ at <www.unhcr.org>. ISSN 1020-7473 Introduction The village lies 40 kilometres from the nearest peri-urban ‘town’ on a dirt path, one which often becomes impassable during the rainy season. Like most villages in this region of the country, it was heavily affected by the civil war. Its current residents have experienced various tapestries of displacement. Some spent most of the twenty- seven year civil war in neighbouring Zambia, where they either integrated with local communities or settled in one of the three UNHCR-run refugee camps. Others spent shorter periods of time across the border, or became internally displaced. Still others remained close to their homes, experiencing waves of internal displacement and violence as troops from both sides of the conflict took control of the area. Prior to the war, the village had a health post and school, the two pillars of community life, but they were burned to the ground during one of the many attacks, along with houses and farms.