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SANAT Ve İLETİŞİM ARAŞTIRMALARI

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SANAT Ve İLETİŞİM ARAŞTIRMALARI SANAT ve İLETİŞİM ARAŞTIRMALARI EDİTÖR: Doç. Dr. Lokman ZOR YAZARLAR Prof. Havva HALAÇELİ METLİOĞLU Prof. Dr. Hande ŞAHİN Prof. Dr. Ünal KILIÇ Doç. Dr. Yaşar USLU Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Betül TANSEL Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Emrah TÜNCER Dr. Öğr. Üyesi İpek Fatma ÇEVIK Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Özge ULUĞ YURTTAŞ Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Rumeysa AKGÜN Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Zeliha OÇAK Öğr. Gör. SONGÜL MOLLAOĞLU Arş. Gör. Nihal ACAR SANAT ve İLETİŞİM ARAŞTIRMALARI EDİTÖR Doç. Dr. Lokman ZOR YAZARLAR Prof. Havva HALAÇELİ METLİOĞLU Prof. Dr. Hande ŞAHİN Prof. Dr. Ünal KILIÇ Doç. Dr. Yaşar USLU Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Betül TANSEL Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Emrah TÜNCER Dr. Öğr. Üyesi İpek Fatma ÇEVIK Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Özge ULUĞ YURTTAŞ Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Rumeysa AKGÜN Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Zeliha OÇAK Öğr. Gör. SONGÜL MOLLAOĞLU Arş. Gör. Nihal ACAR Copyright © 2020 by iksad publishing house All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. Institution of Economic Development and Social Researches Publications® (The Licence Number of Publicator: 2014/31220) TURKEY TR: +90 342 606 06 75 USA: +1 631 685 0 853 E mail: [email protected] www.iksadyayinevi.com It is responsibility of the author to abide by the publishing ethics rules. Iksad Publications – 2020© ISBN: 978-625-7279-71-0 Cover Design: İbrahim KAYA December / 2020 Ankara / Turkey Size = 16 x 24 cm İÇİNDEKİLER EDİTÖRDEN ÖNSÖZ Doç. Dr. Lokman ZOR …………………………….……….……....………1 BÖLÜM 1 SANAT TERAPİSİ VE ETKİLERİ Öğr. Gör. SONGÜL MOLLAOĞLU………………..……………………..5 BÖLÜM 2 SERİ ÜRETİMİN GRAFİK TASARIM KAVRAMINA ETKİSİ Dr. Öğr. Üyesi İpek Fatma ÇEVIK….……….……………………….…41 BÖLÜM 3 SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIM MOTİVASYONALARINDA PARADİGMA DEĞİŞİMİ Arş. Gör. Nihal ACAR…....………………………………………….…....63 BÖLÜM 4 YENİ MEDYANIN KULLANICILARIN BİLİŞSEL UYUMUNA VE HİPER-GERÇEKLİĞE ETKİSİ Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Zeliha OÇAK………....…………………….……………93 BÖLÜM 5 ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN DİNİ İÇERİKLİ İNTERNET KULLANIM VE DOYUMLARI ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA Prof. Dr. Ünal KILIÇ, Arş. Gör. Nihal ACAR………………….….…119 BÖLÜM 6 KAPİTALİZM LABİRENTİNDE SOLUKSUZ DÖNGÜ: MANHATTAN’DA FOOD DELİVERY ÇALIŞANI OLMAK Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Emrah TÜNCER, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Betül TANSEL…………………………….………....…163 BÖLÜM 7 SOSYAL HİZMET BÖLÜMÜ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KADINA YÖNELİK NAMUS ALGISI: BOYLAMSAL BİR ARAŞTIRMA Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Rumeysa AKGÜN, Prof. Dr. Hande ŞAHİN………………………………….………………197 BÖLÜM 8 GRAFİK TASARIMDA BASİTLİK, SADELİK; FLAT TASARIM, MİNİMALİZM, WABİ SABİ Doç. Dr. Yaşar USLU…………………………………….…………...…213 BÖLÜM 9 DOKUMA KUMAŞ TASARIMINDA YARATICILIK Prof. Havva HALAÇELİ METLİOĞLU……………………………..…233 BÖLÜM 10 “NIKE: BİZİ DURDURAMAZSINIZ!” REKLAMININ ELEŞTİREL SÖYLEM ANALİZİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNCELEMESİ Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Özge ULUĞ YURTTAŞ………………………………..269 ÖNSÖZ Çağımız, ileri düzeydeki dijital teknolojilerin insan yaşamına girmesi sonucu her şeyin akıl almaz bir hızla ilerlediği, bilgiye ulaşmanın ve kullanmanın son derece kolaylaştığı tarifi zor bir değişim çağıdır. Bu bağlamda, enformasyonun vazgeçilmez bir unsur olarak yaşamın temelinde yer aldığı tartışma götürmez bir gerçektir. Özellikle iletişim teknolojilerinde söz konusu olan gelişim toplumsal, ekonomik ve bilimsel değişimin yönünü yeniden belirlemiş, bunun sonucunda da dijital bir toplumsal yaşam ortaya çıkmıştır. Eğitimden iletişime, ticaretten turizme, enerjiden savunmaya, beslenmeden sağlığa kadar yaşamın her alanındaki tüm uygulama ve alışkanlıklarımız radikal bir biçimde değişime uğramıştır. Her şeyin bilgi ve teknolojiyle kontrol edilebildiği bilim, teknoloji ve iletişimin gücüyle toplumsal yaşama ait tüm enstrümanların mükemmel bir düzlemde ilerlemesini gerektiren bu sürecin de göz ardı edilemez bir takım handikapları olduğu şüphesizdir. Şöyle ki, bilgiye erişimin kolaylaşmasına rağmen insanla hakikat arasındaki perde her geçen gün kalınlaşmakta, iletişim yollarının çeşitlenmesine rağmen insanla insan arasındaki mesafe gittikçe artmaktadır. Bu bağlamda yaşanan süreci ve bu sürecin tüm getirilerini, topyekûn değerlendirerek insanlığa katkı sağlamaya ve daha iyi bir gelecek yaratmaya yönelik birer araç olarak kullanmak gerekir. Çünkü dünya tarihi göstermiştir ki; insanlığa hizmet etmeyen, insanoğluna mutluluk ve huzur sunmayan, insana değer vermeyen hiç bir sistem ya da 1 yapının varlığını sürdürmesi, herhangi bir başarı elde etmesi mümkün değildir. Sanat ve iletişim, varoluşsal birer gereksinim olarak insanlık tarihi kadar köklü geçmişe sahip, insanoğlunun en kadim eylemlerindendir. Şüphesiz, insanlık var olduğu sürece de varlıklarını devam ettireceklerdir. Gerek sanatın gerekse iletişimin insanlığa hizmet etmenin birer biçimi olduğunu dikkate aldığımızda bu eylemlerin anlamı daha net ortaya çıkmakta, gelecekteki nitelikleri daha belirgin şekillenmektedir. Bu iki etkinlik arasında son derece güçlü bir ilişki söz konusudur. Her ikisinin doğuşunda da insanın temel ihtiyaçlarını giderme gayreti etkendir ve birinin gelişimi diğerini gerekli kılmıştır. Bundan dolayı sanat ve iletişimi bir arada ele almak, sanata ve iletişime dair değerlendirmeleri bir arada yapmak büyük anlam taşımaktadır. Yakın zamanda ortaya çıkan ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından küresel boyutta bir pandemi olarak ilan edilen Covid 19 salgınıyla yaşanan süreç hem sanatın hem de iletişimin önemini bir kez daha gözler önüne sermiştir. Salgının etkisiyle tüm dünya, içinde yer aldığı dijital değişimin hızlanması sonucu yeni bir küresel yapılanma sürecine girmiş bu doğrultudaki analizler de önem kazanmıştır. Genel anlamda sanat ve iletişim alanındaki araştırmaların küçük bir kısmını bir araya getiren bu kitap, söz konusu analizlere katkı sağlama amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Unutmamak gerekir ki, bilim araştırmadan ibarettir. Araştırma sözcüğünün bir tercümesi de yeniden keşfetmedir. Bu tartışmasız gerçek araştırma ve geliştirme olgularının sınırsız aynı 2 SANAT ve İLETİŞİM ARAŞTIRMALARI zamanda ebedi bir süreç olduğunu ortaya koyar açıklıktadır. Dolayısıyla sanata, bilime ve teknolojiye katkı sağlamayı erek edinmiş insanların önleri her zaman açık olacak, gayretleri daima yaşayacaktır. Bu doğrultudaki duygu ve düşüncelerimle, bu kitabın ortaya çıkmasında büyük emek ve gayretleri olan herkese bilim adına, insanlık adına, gelecek adına minnet ve şükran ifade etmeyi kaçınılmaz bir zorunluluk olarak görüyorum. Öncelikle, kitaba bölüm yazarak araştırma, bilgi, fikir ve deneyimlerini bilim insanına yakışır nitelikte evrensel bir yaklaşımla paylaşma sorumluluğu sergileyen bölüm yazarlarına tüm okurlar adına teşekkür ediyorum. Yayıncılığın bütün zorluk ve sıkıntılarına rağmen idealist bir biçimde bin bir türlü özveriyle bu işi sürdürüp yüzlerce akademik yayının ortaya çıkmasına olanak sağlayan İKSAD Başkanı Mustafa Latif Emek ve İKSAD Başdanışmanı Sefa Salih Bildirici’ye, tüm İKSAD çalışanı ve gönüllülerine, kitabın ortaya çıkmasına emek veren herkese şükranlarımı sunuyorum. Kitapta yer alan her bir bölümün, birilerine mutlaka katkı sağlayacağına inanıyorum; arzum ve umudum bu katkının en üst düzeyde, en yoğun ve en kalıcı biçimde gerçekleşmesidir. Doç. Dr. Lokman ZOR 3 4 SANAT ve İLETİŞİM ARAŞTIRMALARI BÖLÜM 1 SANAT TERAPİSİ VE ETKİLERİ Öğr. Gör. SONGÜL MOLLAOĞLU1 1Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü, Sivas-TÜRKİYE, [email protected]. https://orcid.org/0000- 0002-3519-8702 5 6 SANAT ve İLETİŞİM ARAŞTIRMALARI GİRİŞ Sanat terapisi ruh sağlığını iyileştirmek ve geliştirmek için psikoterapötik teknikleri yaratıcı süreçle bütünleştirir. Amerikan Sanat Terapisi Derneği (2018), sanat terapisini zihinsel, fiziksel ve duygusal sağlığı geliştirmek için sanat yaratma sürecini kullanan zihinsel sağlığa bir yaklaşım olarak nitelendirir. Sanat terapisinin amacı, insanların kendini ifade etmelerine ve kendini keşfetmelerine yardımcı olmak için yaratıcı süreci kullanmaktır. Bunu yaparken, kişiler iç görü kazanır ve yeni başa çıkma becerileri geliştirmek için yeni yollar bulurlar (Cherry, 2020). Sanat terapisi, sanatsal yaratım yoluyla kendini ifade etmenin kendilerini ve kişiliklerini daha derinlemesine anlamaya çalışan veya iyileştiren kişiler için terapötik değeri olduğu inancına dayanır. Sanat terapisi, güvenli ve yargılayıcı olmayan bir ortamda yeni bağlantıların, ilişkilerin ve anlamların keşfedilmesini içerir ve bu da terapi uygulanan kişiye yaşam ve başkalarıyla ilişkiler hakkında alternatif bakış açıları sağlar. Böylece, sanat terapisi, duyusal-motor, algısal, bilişsel, duygusal, fiziksel, sosyal ve ruhsal yönleri içeren kişiyi kapsayan çok yönlü şekillerde çalışabilir (Lith, Fenner & Schofield, 2009). Yaratıcı sanat yapma süreci, kişinin düşünce ve duygularını sözsüz iletişimle ifade etme biçimi olup, (American Art Therapy Association, 1996, Malchiodi, 2003, Nguyen, 2015). Sanat terapisi, erken travma veya gelişimsel çatışmanın tipik sözel dil yoluyla erişilemeyebileceği teorisi 7 anlayışıyla, daha ziyade bilinçdışı olarak duyusal, kinestetik veya hayali bilişlerin sözel formlarında ve sembolik dilde temsil edilen ilişkili duygusal deneyimlerde saklandığı görüşünü öne sürer (Robbins, 2000; Wadeson, 2010). Bu sözel bilme ve tecrübe yollarına erişme süreci, terapistin danışanın sözel bilincine uyduğu, birleştiği ve yansıttığı kasıtlı bir terapötik ilişkinin veya tutma ortamının geliştirilmesini gerektirir. Duygusal varlığı ve uyumlamayı kullanarak
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