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Section II: Summary of the Periodic Report on the State of Conservation

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Section II: Summary of the Periodic Report on the State of Conservation State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II integrated into the scheme and is a building of UNITED KINGDOM importance in its own right as an outstanding example of High Victorian architecture by one of its Studley Royal Park including the leading exponents. Ruins of Fountains Abbey Garden landscape, water gardens, abbey ruins, Jacobean mansion and Victorian church are all of exceptional merit and together justify the inclusion Brief description of Studley Royal in the World Heritage List. A striking landscape was created around the ruins UNESCO Criteria: i, ii, iv, v and vi. of the Cistercian Fountains Abbey and Fountains Hall Castle, in Yorkshire. The 18th-century As provided in ICOMOS evaluation landscaping, gardens and canal, the 19th-century plantations and vistas, and the neo-Gothic castle of The Fountains site owes its originality and striking Studley Royal Park, make this an outstanding site. beauty to the fact that a humanised landscape of exceptional value was constituted around the largest medieval ruins of the United Kingdom. In the 1. Introduction definition of this cultural property it is essential that the small Fountains Hall Castle, the landscaping, Year(s) of Inscription 1986 the gardens and canal created by John Aislabie in Agency responsible for site management the 18th century, the plantations and vistas of the 19th century and finally Studley Royal Church, as • Mailing Address(es) an additional element of the site, all be expressly Fountains Abbey Estate Office included. HG4 3DY Ripon North Yorkshire Committee Decision United Kingdom e-mail: [email protected] Bureau (1986): The Bureau recommended website: www.fountainsabbey.org.uk inscription of this property on condition that the British authorities redraft the proposal in such a way as to include expressly in the definition of this 2. Statement of Significance cultural property the Manor House of Fountains Hall Inscription Criteria C (i) (iv) and various landscape improvements carried out in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, since the medieval ruins of the abbey and their landscaped Justification as provided by the State Party surroundings together form a striking whole. The Studley Royal is one of the few great 18th century redrafted nomination could be entitled 'Studley ‘green gardens’ to survive substantially in its Royal Park including the ruins of Fountains Abbey'. original form and is arguably the most spectacular water garden in England. • A Statement of Significance was developed for the management plan. The State Party will The abbey ruins were not added to the estate until discuss and agree to a statement of some 50 years after the gardens were first planned, outstanding universal value which will be but formed a key element in the scheme from the submitted in due course for consideration by first, providing the spectacular culmination to the the World Heritage Committee principal vista. However, although part of the No change required to UNESCO’s official garden layout, the abbey ruins are of outstanding • description of the site importance in their own right, representing one of the few Cistercian houses surviving from the 12th Boundaries and Buffer Zone century and providing an unrivalled picture of a • Status of boundaries of the site: inadequate great religious house in all its parts. • Buffer zone: no buffer zone has been defined The Tudor Studley Royal mansion has been • Although the World Heritage site boundary demolished, but Jacobean Fountains Hall, acquired covers the core area of the designed landscape, at the same time as the abbey ruins, survives intact some significant features lie outside. There is a and is itself an outstanding example of a building of need to review the boundary to ensure that it its period. St Mary’s Church likewise formed no part includes those areas that are essential to retain of the original garden scheme since it dates from the site’s outstanding universal value. There is the 19th century, but it also has been successfully also a need to develop a formal buffer zone State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II • Harrogate Borough Council, English Heritage, The National Trust is responsible for the overall and the National Trust are in consultation with management of the estate (visitors, adjoining landowners to develop a proposal for conservation of the designed landscape, the creation of a buffer zone (see attached garden buildings, Fountains Hall, maintenance map). The State Party will submit proposals for of the infrastructure). English Heritage is consideration by the World Heritage responsible for the conservation of the abbey Committee in due course ruins, Fountains Abbey Mill, St. Mary’s Church and the monastic artefacts in store at Status of Authenticity/Integrity Helmsley. Both organisations have worked • World Heritage site values have been closely together at Fountains Abbey & Studley maintained Royal since 1983 The National Trust has a planning framework 3. Protection based on a National Strategic Plan covering three years, cascading to regional and Legislative and Administrative Arrangements property levels. The current property strategic • The site is protected from intrusive plan covers the period 2001-2004. The WHS development by several statutory and non- management plan has a six year life span to fit statutory designations, by strict planning control within this framework from Harrogate Borough Council, and by the • Levels of public authority who are primarily inalienable status of National Trust land. The involved with the management of the site: National Trust was given the unique power to national (DCMS; English Nature; The declare its land inalienable (cannot be sold or Environment agency; English Heritage), mortgaged) by Act of Parliament in 1907. A regional, local (North Yorkshire County Council; compulsory purchase is not possible without Harrogate Borough Council) the consent of Parliament. • The current management system is sufficiently • The protection arrangements are considered effective sufficiently effective Actions proposed: Actions taken/proposed: • Re-definition of the World Heritage site • Revision to the boundary and creation of a boundary: (as explained above) buffer zone • National level of action. Timeframe: not known 5. Management Plan 4. Management • Management plan is being implemented (to define the boundaries and buffer zone) Use of site/property • Implementation commenced: December 2001 • Visitor attraction, religious use, rural landscape • Very effective • Responsibility for over-seeing the Management/Administrative Body implementation of the management plan and • Steering group (National Trust and English monitoring its effectiveness: the National Trust Heritage staff) formally set up on 01 January and English Heritage 1999 to supervise the production of the WHS management plan. The group now meets quarterly to review progress on conservation 6. Financial Resources projects and discuss key management issues Financial situation • No site manager but none needed • The estate is treated as a ‘Special Trust in • Both the National Trust and English Heritage Credit’ by the National Trust - all surpluses are involved in the management of the site. The generated on the estate are retained for use at National Trust owns the Fountains Abbey & Fountains Abbey & Studley Royal. This is in Studley Royal estate and How Hill. St. Mary’s contrast to other National Trust properties Church is owned by the State. The High which are supported by a central ‘General Stables, the Pheasantries and the freehold Fund’. Support from the general fund, if found sporting rights are in private ownership. The to be necessary, is only given on a loan basis ruins of the Abbey itself are in the guardianship • Over 80% of operating income comes from of the Secretary of State whose responsibilities visitors (via admission fees, membership as guardian are exercised by English Heritage recruitment, catering, retail, events, donations State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II etc.). The endowment, which is by far the most machine shop training. Staff are also sustainable source of income, currently encouraged to gain experience at other produces an annual income that is insufficient properties and to share their skills. to provide protection against market forces • Training on site management for stakeholders. • English Heritage funding of the site is directed towards the following: the annual maintenance of the abbey ruins and St. Mary’s Church; large 9. Visitor Management scale, first time consolidation of the abbey ruins • Visitor statistics: 475,000 visitors in 2004 and St. Mary’s Church; grant aid towards • Visitor facilities: interpretation, visitor centre, specific conservation projects small shop, tea room, refreshment kiosk, • Other sources: European funding (ERDF) for lavatories, refreshment kiosk, 3 car park conservation of Fountains Hall. Interregional provisions designed to minimize the visual IIIB Program 'Converting Sacred Spaces' impact of cars in the historic areas of the estate, funding awarded in 2005 to be used for 3 admission points with provision for visitors interpretation and conservation of Fountains with disabilities. The visitor centre was opened Abbey in 1992 and was designed to cope with 350,000 • A draft Five Year Business Development Plan visitors a year and through-put of 700 visitors was completed in December 2004, reviewing an hour at the busiest times.
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