Section 3 Campus Research
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Section 3 Campus Research Research Support 50 Campus Research Sponsors 52 Department of Defense 54 Department of Energy 56 National Institutes of Health 58 NASA 60 National Science Foundation 62 Other Federal Agencies 64 Nonprofit Organizations 66 MIT Briefing Book 49 Research Support Research Expenditures (MIT FY2014) MIT has historically viewed teaching and research as Cambridge campus $678.4 million inseparable parts of its academic mission. Therefore, Lincoln Laboratory* $811.3 million the Institute recognizes its obligation to encourage SMART* $31.6 million faculty to pursue research activities that hold the greatest promise for intellectual advancement. MIT Total $1,521.3 million maintains one of the most vigorous programs of *Totals do not include research performed by campus labora- research of any university and conducts basic and tories for Lincoln Laboratory and Singapore-MIT Alliance for applied research principally at two Massachusetts Research and Technology (SMART). locations, the MIT campus in Cambridge and MIT All federal research on campus is awarded competi- Lincoln Laboratory, a federally funded research and tively based on the scientific and technical merit of development center in Lexington. the proposals. In FY2014, there were 2,601 active awards and 389 members of research consortiums. MIT pioneered the federal/university research relationship, starting in World War II. Initially called Research activities range from individual projects upon by the federal government to serve the national to large-scale, collaborative, and sometimes inter- war effort, that relationship has continued into the national endeavors. Peer-reviewed research accom- present day, helping MIT fulfill its original mission of plishments form a basis for reviewing the qualifica- serving the nation and the world. tions of prospective faculty appointees and for evalu- ations related to promotion and tenure decisions. MIT Research Expenditures 1940–2014 $1,800 ARRA Funding Broad 2010 $1,600 Institute 2004 - 2010 $1,400 Cancer Lincoln Labs Center Non-Federal 1974 $1,200 Lincoln Labs Federal Project MAC Defense Labs Federal $1,000 1963 Faculty Early SMART† Retirement 1997 $800 Broad Whitehead Non-Federal 1982 Broad Research Expenditures in Millions Sputnik Federal $600 1957 Campus Non-Federal $400 Campus Draper Lab Federal divested 1973 Total Research C$‡ $200 $0 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Fiscal Year †SMART: Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology ‡Total Research constant dollars are calculated using the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers weighted with fiscal year 2014 equaling 100. 50 MIT Briefing Book Campus Research The Institute provides the faculty with the infrastruc- The Resource Development Office is available to work ture and support necessary to conduct research, with faculty to generate proposals for foundation or much of it through contracts, grants, and other other private support. arrangements with government, industry, and foun- dations. The Office of Sponsored Programs provides The Institute sees profound merit in a policy of open central support related to the administration of spon- research and free interchange of information among sored research programs, and it assists faculty, other scholars. At the same time, MIT is committed to principal investigators, and their local administrators acting responsibly and ethically in all its research in managing and identifying resources for individual activities. As a result, MIT has policies related to the sponsored projects. In addition, a Research Council— suitability of research projects, research conduct, which is chaired by the Vice President for Research sources of support, use of human subjects, spon- and composed of the heads of all major research sored programs, relations with intelligence agencies, laboratories and centers that report to the Vice Presi- the acquisition of art and artifacts, the disposition dent for Research—addresses research policy and of equipment, and collaborations with research- administration issues. oriented industrial organizations. These policies are spelled out on the Policies and Procedures website and on the Office of Sponsored Programs website. Campus Research Expenditures and Faculty Excluding Broad and Defense Labs 1940–2014 $800 1,400 $700 1,200 $600 1,000 $500 Number ofFaculty 800 $400 600 $300 Research Expenditures in Millions 400 $200 200 $100 $0 0 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Fiscal Year Campus Campus Constant $ Faculty excluding DAPER & DSL Federal Non-Federal DAPER: Department of Athletics, Physical Education and Recreation DSL: Division of Student Life MIT Briefing Book 51 Campus Research Sponsors begins on page 69. Expenditures funded by industrial The tables and charts for campus research expendi- sponsors are shown on page 89 in the MIT and Indus- tures below, and on the following pages, show the try section. Federal research expenditures include all amount MIT expended by fiscal year (July 1–June 30). primary contracts and grants, including sub-awards These figures do not include expenditures for MIT from other organizations where the federal govern- Lincoln Laboratory. Information for Lincoln Laboratory ment is the original funding source. Campus Research Expenditures (in U.S. Dollars) Fiscal Years 2005–2014 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Federal 374,103,793 382,784,774 373,603,371 369,008,780 381,459,466 Non-federal 110,675,892 114,361,780 114,389,201 132,487,316 158,595,887 Total 484,779,685 497,146,554 487,992,571 501,496,096 540,055,353 Constant dollars* 594,218,336 587,022,048 561,687,268 556,605,026 591,148,473 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Federal 430,154,479 469,520,579 472,582,743 465,946,679 454,938,599 Non-federal 184,216,417 191,304,692 208,496,567 208,401,668 223,473,071 Total 614,370,896 660,825,271 681,079,310 674,348,348 678,411,670 Constant dollars* 666,049,163 702,308,587 703,230,287 684,881,260 678,411,670 $800 MIT Internal $700 State, Local, and Foreign Governments $600 Foundations and other Nonprofits Industry $500 All Other Federal $400 National Science Foundation NASA $300 Research Expenditures in Millions National Institutes of Health† $200 Department of Energy Department of Defense $100 Constant Dollars $0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Fiscal Year *Constant dollars are calculated using the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers weighted with the fiscal year 2014 equaling 100. †National Institutes of Health data includes expenditures from other Department of Health and Human Services agencies which account for less than 1% of expenditures per year. 52 MIT Briefing Book Campus Research Campus Research Expenditures by Primary Sponsor FY2005 FY2014 State, Local, State, Local, MIT Internal and Foreign and Foreign MIT Internal 3% Governments Governments 1% 4% 4% Foundations Foundations and other and other Nonprofits Nonprofits Department of Department of 4% 11% Defense Defense Industry 18% 18% 13% All Other Department of Federal Department of Industry Energy 16% Energy 2% National 14% 13% Science Foundation National National National 13% Institutes of Institutes of All Other Science NASA Health* Health* Federal Foundation 7% NASA 17% 22% 3% 12% 5% Campus Research Expenditures by Primary Sponsor FY2014 Percent of Primary Sponsor (in U.S. Dollars) Campus Total† Department of Defense 122,761,059 18 Department of Energy 88,450,656 13 National Institutes of Health* 115,074,564 17 NASA 32,062,601 5 National Science Foundation 78,978,705 12 All other federal 17,611,014 3 Total Federal 454,938,599 67 Industry 112,379,455 17 Foundations and other nonprofits 72,117,488 11 State, local, and foreign governments 28,966,678 4 MIT internal 10,009,449 1 Total Non-Federal 223,473,071 33 Campus Total 678,411,670 100 *National Institutes of Health data includes expenditures from other Department of Health and Human Services agencies which account for less than 1% of expenditures per year. †Percentages may not total due to rounding. MIT Briefing Book 53 Department of Defense Postdoc Arun Nair was the first author of the paper, Selected Projects with graduate student Shu-Wei Chang, postdoc Alfonso Gautieri, and Markus Buehler. An easier way to control genes MIT researchers have shown that they can turn genes The work was supported by the Office of Naval on or off inside yeast and human cells by controlling Research, the Army Research Office, the National when DNA is copied into messenger RNA—an advance Science Foundation, and the MIT-Italy Program. The that could allow scientists to better understand the research used high-performance computing resources function of those genes. from NSF’s XSEDE program, the CILEA Consortium, the LISA Initiative, and the ISCRA Initiative The technique could also make it easier to engineer cells that can monitor their environment, produce a http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2013/ drug or detect disease, says Timothy Lu, the senior decoding-the-structure-of-bone-0416 author of a paper describing the new approach in the journal ACS Synthetic Biology. Lead author of the paper Bound for robotic glory is Fahim Farzadfard, a graduate student in biology. Speed and agility are hallmarks of the cheetah: The Samuel Perli, a graduate student in electrical engi- big predator is the fastest land animal on Earth, able neering and computer science, is also an author. to accelerate to 60 mph in just a few seconds. As it ramps up to top speed, a cheetah pumps its legs in http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2013/ tandem, bounding until it reaches a full gallop. an-easier-way-to-control-genes-0903 MIT researchers, including Sangbae Kim, research Decoding the structure of bone scientist Hae-Won Park and graduate student Meng The bones that support our bodies are made of Yee Chuah, have developed an algorithm for bounding remarkably complex arrangements of materials— that they’ve successfully implemented in a robotic so much so that decoding the precise structure cheetah—a sleek, four-legged assemblage of gears, responsible for their great strength and resilience batteries, and electric motors that weighs about as has eluded scientists’ best efforts for decades.