6114 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 18,

By Mr. ERMENTROUT: Affidavit of Mary Ann Snyder, late The Government has spent $50,000 on this side of the creek in the nurse in medical department of United States Volunteers, for pen­ purchase of land to bring the avenue up to the creek; and on the sion-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. other side of the creek there has not only been a donation of the By Mr. GROUT: Petition of Hedding Methodist Episcopal quantity of land necessary to extend the roadway to the bridge, Church, Barre, Vt., Rev. W. R. Davenport, pastor, in favor of the but the avenues themselves on that side have been donated to the passage of a bill to prohibit the sale of intoxicating liquors in all city. There are 5 miles of avenues laid out and completed on that Government buildings-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor side. Traffic. · · I hope members of the House will not confuse this with the Also, petition of Mrs. J. R. George and 30 members of the Massachusetts avenue bridge. I am speaking of the Connecticut Woman's C~istian Temperance Union of Barre, Vt., asking for avenue bridge. · · the passage of the bill to raise the age of protection for girls to Mr. BALL. Is this the same bridge in which it was stated 18 years in the District of Columbia--to the Committee on the some school on the other side of the creek was interested? District of Columbia. Mr. LIVINGSTON. No, sii': it is the Massachusetts avenue Also, petition ofT. J. Cochron..and_the Woman's Christian Tem­ bridge in which the Methodist University was stated to be inter­ perance Union of Groton, Vt., to forbid the transmission of lot­ ested. On these avenues extending 5 miles on the western side of tery messages by telegraph-to the Committee on Interstate and the creek there are 250 to 350 residences already. Parks as well Foreign Commerce. as avenues have been laid out and dedicated. The people who own Also, petitions of T. J. Cochran and tha Woman's Christian. those residences and other property on that side of the creek are Temperance Union of Groton, and Hedding Methodist Episcopal paying their share of taxes into the city treasury. They have Church, of Barre, Vt., Rev. W. R. Davenport, pastor, praying for never received any benefit by an expenditure of taxes in that sec­ the enactment of legislation to protect State anti-cigarette laws­ tion, the revenues of the city being expended in paving streets and to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. other expenses within the city limits. By Mr. KING: Petition of attorneys and citizens of the State In vi~w of the fact that this bridge is recommended by the Dis­ of Utah, in support of Senate bill providing for another judicial trict Commissioners, that the Government has already expended circuit court of the United States, to be known as the "Tenth cir­ 50,000 up to the creek on this side, that the people on the other cuit," and to have jurisdiction in Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, side have made such large donations on that side, I think it only Idaho, and Montana-to the Committee on the Judiciary. right that this bridge should be built. The project has been Also,lettel' of James Glendinning, of Salt Lake City, in support twice approved by the Senate, and the only reason it was not of the claim of Frank Harigan, for extra compensation under tlie embraced. in. the appropriation bill before it left the House was contract for sewer connecting Fort Douglas with Salt Lake City, the fact-that-the report on the subject did not reach our commit­ Utah-to the Committee on Claims. _ tee in time to be put in the bill. Mr. KING. Do I understand the gentleman to take the posi­ tion that the: city or the Government ought to bridge Rock Creek HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. at every place where an avenue will cross it? Mr.. LIVINGSTON. No, sir. I hope the gentleman does not SATURDAY, June 18, 1898. understand any snch thingL I am making no such statement or claim. • The House met at 12 o'clock m., and was called to order by the Mr. 1\fAHANY. Mr. Speaker, we would_ like to hear this dis· Speaker. cnssion. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. HENRY N. CounEN. The SPEAKER~ The. House will be in order. The Journal of yesterday'~roceedings was reoo and approved. Mr. LIVL.~GSTON. Mr. Speaker, I do notwish to be under, INSIGNIA OF RED CROSS. stood as saying that we ought to build a bridge at every place on Mr. HENRY of Indiana. I ask unanimous consent -for the Rock Creek where one may be surveyed or requested. That is present consideration of the. bill (S. 1913) to protect the insignia not my point. I am confining my remarks exclusively to the Con­ and name of the Red Cross. · necticut avenue bridge. This- improvement is embraced in Sen­ The bill, with the amendments of the Committee on theJ udiciary, ate amendment No. 79, in which I have moved that ·the House was read. concur. The SPE.AKER. Is there objection to the present considera­ For the benefit- of gentlemen on the other side who, on account tion of this bill? of conversation among members, did not hear the statement just· :Mr. BAILEY. I shall have to examine this bill before I can made, I will repeat that this bridge ought to be built for these consent to its consideration. I object. reasons: First, it has been recommended by the District 9ommis­ sioners and approved by the taxpayers of this city; it has been ENROLLED BILLS. SIGNED. universally indorsed by the newspapers-the Post and the Star, Mr. HAGER, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported and I believe by everyone who has paid any attention to the ques­ that they had examined and found tru.Iy enrolled bills of the fol­ tion. In the second place, the Government has already spent lowing titles; when the Speaker signed the same: $50,000 in the purchase of land extending up to the creek on this H. R. 9856. An act for the relief of Anna Merkel; side, and the citizens on the other side have dedicated a large H. R. 5879. An act to amend sections 1 and 2 of the act of March area of land to facilitate the opening of the bridge. In the next B, 1887, 24 Statutes at Large, chapter 359; and place, there are 5 miles of avenues laid out and dedicated to the H. R. 3071. An act for the 1·elief of James A. Stoddard. city on the other side, and on these avenues the people are build- ­ ing residences and improving the property rapidly. These people DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATION BILL. on the outside are entitled to consideration. Mr. LMNGSTON. I call for the regular order. Mr. MAHANY. May I ask the gentleman a q_uestion right The SPEAKER. The regular order being demanded, the gen­ here? tleman from Vermont fMr. GROUT] is recognized to bring up the Mr. LIVINGSTON. Yes. conference report which was under consideration at the adjourn­ Mr. MAHANY. I am not sure that I am so much opposed to ment yesterday. the Connecticut avenue extension. I realize the fact that there 1.1r. LIVINGSTON. I believe the pending question is upon a is a denser population at that point than there is at the Massachu­ motion by myself to concur in Senate amendment No. 79. setts avenue proposed extension. If the gentleman is speaking The SPEAKER. The Chair undeTstands that the gentleman's for the Connecticut avenue extension-- - statement is correct. Mr. LIVINGSTON. Exclusively. Mr. GROUT. How much time does the gentleman from Georgia Mr. MAHANY. That is what I want to make clear._ [Mr. LIVDl"GSTONl want? Mr. LIVINGSTON. That is my motion. I was saying, Mr. 1\fr. LIVINGS'rON. Only a little. Speaker, and I undertake to say without fear of successful con­ Mr. GROUT. I yield t-o the gentleman such time as he may tradiction, that the only way to enlarge this city is on the outside. desire. There is no room on the inside. We have got to cross the preek. Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Speaker, I think there is no objection We have got to go in other directions, and this city will grow. to the construction of the bridge referred to in this amendment. It ought to grow, and we are proud of the fact that it does grow, I discover by reference- to the RECORD of February 1 that there and is becoming more beautiful as a city for residence purposes was considerable objection to another bridge-the. Massachusetts every da~ avenue bridge. Mr. SIMPSON. Can the gentleman inform us what this bridge Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Is this part of the conference report? is to cost? lVIr. LIVING-STON. This is not the bridge which the gentleman Mr~ LIVINGSTON. Yes; it-is all given. in. the report. here, fought when this bill was up before. This bridge, called the Con­ Mr. MAHANY. Two hundred thousand dollars, if not more. necticut avenue bridge, leading over Rock Creek, is, I believe, con­ Mr. LIVINGSTON. If o.na plan is accepted! it-is to be 200t000. sidered by the citizens of W a.shington of all classes a necessity; If that is c.o:nsidere

Mr. SIMPSON. And the taxpayers of the District pay half of Mr. NEWLANDS. I can explain the matter. that, the taxpayers of the United States pay the other half. Mr. GROUT. I yield to the gentleman from Nevada ten min· Mr. LIVINGSTON. That is right. utes. Mr. MAHANY. Are you sure that the taxpayers of the Dis­ Mr. LIVINGSTON. With the permission of the gentleman trict of Columbia desire either of these improvements? from Nevada, I will answer the gentleman from Missouri. I have Mr. LIVINGSTON. I know that they desire this one of which obtained the necessary information. There is a street there now I am speaking. condemned and paid for. The proposition made by the Senator Mr. MAHANY. How do you know it? from Michigan [Mr. McMILLAN], which the gentleman from Mis­ Mr. LIVINGSTON. I . know it, as I said to the gentleman a souri read here, is for the purpose of enlarging and widening the moment ago, by mixing with the people, in the first place. street, a proposition which may never pass and which perhaps Mr. MAHANY. The gentleman has had personal interviews ought not to pass. I am not discussing that proposition, how­ with the population? ever. That does not militate against the fact that the street is Mr. LIVINGSTON. If the gentleman will not be too impatient, already theTa, the land condemned and paid for. I will give him all the information he wants. In the first place, I 1\Ir. NEWLANDS. Mr. Speaker, the facts regarding Connecti­ know it because the Commissioners who rule over and control cut avenue are these: Connecticut avenue is one of the radial this District as agents of this Congress approved of it and have avenues, as you all know, of the District of Columbia. It origi­ ordered it. nally extended from near the White House out to Florida avenue, :Mr. MAHANY. They are, of course, always in touch with the a distance of about a mile and a half. From that point to Rock people. Creek is a distance of about three-quarters of a mile. The dis­ Mr. LIVINGSTON. I know it for another reason, that the tax­ tance beyond Rock Creek and the District line is about 4 miles. payers of this city have without a murmur submitted to an ex­ Property owners in the region beyond Rock Creek had this avenue pense of $50,000 for the purpose of acquiring the necessary land surveyed for a width of 135 feet and conveyed for a distance of 4 on this side. There has been no complaint of that. miles to the District of Columbia, themselves making the neces­ Mr. MAHANY. They have very few opportunities to make sary purchases in some cases in order to open that avenue, and their "murmurs" heard. turned it over, without any expense whatever, to the District of Mr. LIVINGSTON. Now, I want to ask the gentleman a ques­ Columbia. tion: Do you know that they do not want it? Mr. MOODY. Is it wrought and traveled as a road beyond Mr. MAHANY. Well, I know that the people of the United Rock Creek? States do not want improvements in an uninhabited region of the Mr. NEWLANDS. Oh', yes; they also graded that avenue the District of Columbia, when appropriations for great improvements entire distance of 4 miles, at an expenditure of $250,000. They also of general utility are denied. put two bridges on that 4 miles, costing over $200,000, so that this Mr. LIVINGSTON. That is dodging the question. avenue beyond Rock Creek, extending for a distance of 4 miles Mr. MAHANY. No, it is not dodging the question. beyond Rock Creek, is now completed and is the great thorough­ Mr. LIVINGSTON. I have not asked for any appropriation fare of that extensive region beyond Rock Creek, the thoroughfare for any improvement in an uninhabited portion of the District. into which come the various streets reaching out north, east, and Mr. MAHANY. One side of this is practically uninhabited. west. It is the avenue that empties that entire district. Mr. LIVINGSTON. It is not. Mr. Speaker, as there is no ob­ Mr. MAHANY. These conditions do not, however, attach to ..... jection to this amendment, I hope it will be concurred in. We the Massachusetts avenue extension. - can then pass to the other and let each amendment stand upon Mr. NEWLANDS . . Not to the same extent. ita own merits. . · Mr. HENDERSON. Was all of this done by the citizens them· Mr. DOCKERY. I have just been advised that quite an selves? amount of land is to be condemned or secured on this side of the 1\Ir. NEWLANDS. Yes; all of this was done by the citizens bridge before· the bridge can be constructed. I have sent for the themselves. Then the question came up as to the completion of information. and will have it here in a minute. the intermediate portion of Connecticut avenue, about three­ Mr. LIVINGSTON. The land is all condemned. quarters of a mile in length, between Boundary street or Florida ~ Mr. DOCKERY. I have been told-! do not know whether the avenue and Rock Creek, lying this side of Rock Creek. information is correct or not, but I will ascertain in a moment­ The popular sentiment of the people of the District was that that it will require $230,000 to pay for the land to be condemned, Connecticut avenue should be continued straight; but some con­ or that has been condemned, or to be purchased or that has been tended that it should be deflected so as to make use of existing p·urchased, on this side of the bridge. streets. To have continued the street and condemned and pur­ Mr. SIMPSON. And that is besides the cost of the bridge. chased the land necessary for that purpose would have cost about b Mr. DOCKERY. I make that statement tentatively. $350,000, for during this time values had risen in the intermediate Mr. LIVINGSTON. You will have plenty of time to look into district. To deflect it and make use of and widen the existing ~be matter. · streets would cost about $250,000. . Mr. SIMPSON. That would make the total cost over $400,000. After considering this question in Congress for six years, Con­ ! ll'Ir. DOCKERY. It is alleged that 8230,000 will be required to gress determined to accept the more economic proposition and to purchase land on this side of the bridge. Now, I do not know make use of the deflection, and thus make use of existing streets; whether that is true or not. and for that purpose appropriated 850,000 for the purchase of the Mr. MAHANY. I would like to ask the gentleman from Mis­ land upon which this bridge foundation would rest, and provided souri whether he thinks these improvements are matters of urgent fknow nothing about what of the avenue-that part of the avenue on the other side and this the Senator from Michigan intends to do at the other end of the part? Capitol, and I do not think the gentleman from Missouri knows. Mr. NEWLANDS. There is communication, but only by a Mr. DOCKERY. My information is that the land must be con­ very devious route. * • I demned and paid for out of the treasury of the District. Mr. MOODY. What is the deviation? ' Mr. LIVINGSTON. I know that 550,000 has actually been paid · Mr. NEWLANDS. I should think probably three-quarters of f:for the land. That is my information. a mile, maybe less . . Mr. DOCKERY. How much is yet due? Mr. CANNON. I want to ask the gentleman a question to see Mr. LIVINGSTON. I did not suppose there was anything due. if I understand this. It is not proposed to make Connecticut That seems to be for the purpose of connecting Connecticut ave­ avenue straight between Rock Creek and Florida avenue, but it l nne with Florida avenue or some other place. I confess I do not is a proposition to use the streets that run around a straight line, , understand tha~ proposition, _ if I may so speak? _ _ 6116 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 18,

Mr. NEWLANDS. Yes. do-both ends of the committee. So this appropriation is but for Mr. CANNON. Now, then, is this bridge to be built near where 825,000 to start a foundation. the present bridge is, that was built without expense to the Dis­ Mr. DOCKERY. Just a sta.rter. [Laughter.] n·ict? Mr. PAYNE. There is a large number of people who live be4 Mr. NEWLANDS. No; it is to be. built about half a mile yond Rock Creek and the avenues leading to the avenue. farther down the creek. Mr. DOCKERY. I have not heard anything from them yet. Mr. CANNON. Farther down the creek- Mr. PAYNE. Is there a large number living there? Yr. NEW LANDS. Its commencement on this side is about half Mr. DOCKERY. The only information coming to me is from a mile down. gentlemen interested in the enterprise. Mr. CANNON. Is that in line with Connecticut avenue? Mr. PAYNE. Now, I want to ask the gentleman from Mis-. Mr. NEWLANDS. Yes; the bridge takes up the straight line souri is there any good reason for not going into this, except our just beyond the deflection to which I have referred. The line has extreme poverty? been laid out, and is shown in the existing map of the District. Mr. DOCKERY. It would seem to me wise to first pay for ths The deflected line has been settled by Congress and an appropriation land. has been made by both Houses and $50,000 paid on account of it. Mr. PAYNE. That comes out of the revenue of the District; Mr. CANNON. As I understand it, the only bridge that is that does not affect your constituents or mine. available to cross Rock Creek is one that was built without ex- Mr. DOCKERY. We are acting as town council for the Dis· pense to the Government. ' trict and we ought to give a" fair deal" all around. Mr. NEWLANDS. Yes, that is true; with the exception of a Mr. PAYNE. Is there any good reason for not giving this, ex­ very small bridge on Woodley road at a lower level. cept our ideas of economy? Mr. CANNON. And that bridge, while it is used as a wagon Mr. DOCKERY. That is a sufficient reason, and it is not nee~ bridge, is also constantly used by the company that built it for its essary to give any other. cars. Mr. PAYNE. Well, it has got to be done in the near future,. Mr. NEWLANDS. Yes. and the only question is whether it should be done now. Mr. CANNON. And about half a mile farther south of this a Mr. DOCKERY. "In the sweet by and by" it may be neces­ road is to be constructed and is in harmony with the construction sary. I want to say that the sm·plus revenuE! of the District is a. of Connecticut avenue. little over 8600,000. Of that amount we have appropriated in this Mr. NEWLANDS. It is in harmony with it. bill about $300,000 to increase the water supply,and an additional Mr. Cfu.~NON. And this appropriation that the gentleman amount will be necessary to complete the project, either in this from Missouri speaks of-$230,000 as a proposed Senate amend­ bill or the next, and it seems to me that we ought to secm·e more ment to a deficiency bill-is to pay the damages which have been water before we build bridges that are not necessary. already: a£certained in condemnation proceedings in laying out Mr. MOODY. I want to ask the gentleman one question. and w1c1ening the streets that. intercept Connecticut avenue and Mr. DOCKERY. Very well. which it is proposed to bridge? Mr. MOODY. It has been said here that certain condemnation Mr. NEW LANDS. That is it; and I want to say further in this proceedings have resulted in incuning the liability of $230,000. connection that the authorities have come to the conclusion that Now, what connection has that fact with this question, one way is a simpler proposition, to finish these radial avenues and not or the other? I do not exactly understand. enter upon the vast and expensive schemes, such as was involved Mr. DOCKERY. The connection is this: The government of in the highway aet, of extending all the existing streets in Wash­ the District had to condemn the land n·om Florida avenue to the ington. Waterside drive. Condemnation proceedings were instituted, and Mr. DOCKERY. I desire to ask the gentleman from Nevada in order to meet the awards under these condemnations we shall the estimated cost of this bridge? have to appropriate in the general deficiency bill $230,000. Mr. NEWLANDS. I really do not know. Mr. MOODY. The gentleman's argument is that we can not Mr. MAHANY. Two hundred thousand dollars. afford to do it. Mr. DOCKERY. Well, Mr. Speaker, I think the questions Mr. DQCKERY. That we do not want to complete the whole propounded by the gentleman from illinois, in the perfectly judi­ project at once; we had better pay for the land before we build cial manner in which they were presented, disclose the real situ­ the bridge. ation to the House. In the first place, it is developed, in the Mr. LIVINGSTON. We do not have to pay for the land out of searching cross-examination of the gentleman, that there is a. the Government funds. bridge on Rock Creek now .within half a mile of the proposed Mr. DOCKERY. I know that; it comes out of the District. bridge that cost the Government nothing, and which is being Mr. BABCOCK. Will the gentleman allow me a question? used from day to day. The proposed bridge, according to the What effect will this appropriation of 825,000 have on the con· statement of the gentleman from New York [Mr. MAHANY], will damnation proceedings or the payment of the 8230,000? cost at least 8200.000. Then, in addition to that liability, $230,000 Mr. DOCKERY. The effect is simply this (and no one is more is required to pay the awards already made"from Florida avenue familiar with the effect of this proposition than my friend from to Rock Creek, or Waterside drive, which is along the line of Rock Wisconsin): These gentlemen did not come here and ask for an Creek. expenditure of S200,000 outright, because they were perhaps ap­ Now, it might as well be understood that this is a speculative prehensive that, in view of the stringent condition of the Treas­ enterprise. I make no criticism upon any gentleman who has his ury, such a proposition might intimidate some gentlemen, even money invested there. They have a right to indulge in these those who are disposed to vote large appropriations. So they a.sk speculations. But the question that suggests itself is this: Two a simple "starter" of $25,000 for a project which, when carried hundred and thirty thousand dollars is required to meet the out, will cost not less than 200,000. Nothing was said, so far as awards, and with a bridge now standing one-half mile from the I heard, about the "back pay" of 230,000 necessary to meet the contemplated bridge, can we afford to enter upon the enterprise a wards already made. of building a new bridge that will cost not less than $200,000? Mr. BABCOCK. Is it not a fact that there is no connection be­ Mr. PAYNE. I would like to ask the gentleman from Missouri tween the $230,000 for .opening street8 and the bridge proposition; a question. that those awards will go on and be paid whether this appropria­ Mr. DOCKERY. Certainly. tion be made or not? 1\Ir. PAYNE. Is the $230,000 to pay the condemnation proceed­ Mr. DOCKERY. There is this connection, unless yon pay the ings to be paid by the_Government or the people of the District? awards, you can not reach this bridge. - 1\fr. LIVINGHTON. By the District entirely. Mr. BABCOCK. Very true; but this appropriation, whether it Mr. DOCKERY. Out of the revenue of the District. is needed or not, has no effect on the expenditure of the $230,000. 1\fr. PAYNE. That is, the people interes ted in the improvement Mr. DOCKERY. I do not think you can get to the bridge un­ are to pay for it? less we own the land. Mr. DOCKERY. The people of the District of Columbia. Mr. PAYNE. I understand that there is already a street there; Mr. DORR. The gentleman n·om New York knows very well that this proposition is simply to widen it. that all of this money is paid out of th& General Treasury; one­ Mr. LIVINGSTON. That is all there is of it. half of it is out of the Government Treasury and the other out of 1\Ir. PAYNE. And the condemnation proceedings are simply the District of Columbia. to widen that street. Mr. PAYNE. The gentleman from New York does not know Mr. DOCKERY. Now, I will say to my friend from New York any such thing. The amendment says" to be paid wholly out of and my friend from Georgia that the language of this amendment the revenue of the District." As I understand; the Government does not warrant their view. The amendment provides for the has paid $50,000 for the site of this bridge, this end of it, under " extension of Connecticut avenue." the guidance of the Appropriations Committee. Mr. LIVINGSTON. Widening it. . Mr. DOCKERY. No; under pressure from other sources­ Mr. DOCKERY. It does not say so. under compulsion. Mr. LIVINGSTON. That is what it means. Mr. PAYNE. Of course, under compulsion, as they always Mr. PAYNE. That is what I understood from the remarks of 1898. ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6117

the gentleman from Nevada [Mr. NEWLANDS], and I think he has Mr. McMILLIN. Has the gentleman in his researches in con­ more information on this subject, perhaps, than any other gentle- nection with this and other extensions any information he can man here. . give the House as to what it would cost to straighten that avenue Mr. DOCKERY. I have no doubt the gentleman from Nevada from Florida avenue across to where this bridge is proposed to be is well informed on this subject. built? Mr. PAYNE. The only fault I find with the amendment is that Mr. GROUT. I just stated that my belief·is that it would have it proposes to go to work on this improvement by piecemeal. In made a difference of 8200,000; that is, would have cost $200,000 my opinion, the whole job should be undertaken at once. We more than the deflected line. should contract for the work with the lowest bidder, and appro­ Mr. McMILLIN. My judgment is that it is a very great mis­ priate enough money to build the bridge. It seems to me this fortune that that has not been done. bridge is necessary and ought to be built, and we ought to go Mr. GROUT. That may be. I will simply say to the gentle- about the work in a businesslike way. man-- · Mr. GROUT. One word, Mr. Speaker, with reference to the Mr. McMILLIN. I do not say this as any reflection on the statement about widening the street. The proposition was not gentleman, because he has acted as he thought wise in adopting to widen Connecticut avenue at that point, but back on the hill this policy; but that avenue has been extended about 4 miles be­ nearer Florida avenue. Those who have traced the history of yond Rock Creek without cost to the people, and I think it is a this District appropriation bill for the last two or three sessions misfortune that we did not open up the avenue and make a straight will remember that there has been presented by the Senate each street right through. time a proposition to straighten Connecticut avenue, which con­ Mr. GROUT. As a justification of our action in insisting upon templated the removal of a small church and three dwelling the less expensive course, I will say that the only difference houses, one of the value of between S30,000 and $40,000, and in­ whether it goes on a straight line or on a deflected line is simply volved a deep cut in a.n elevation through which the avenue was a matter of appearance to the eye. If the avenue were straight­ to go before reaching the creek. The House conferees had stood ened, then in driving down from the other side where it stretches up against that appropriation through repeated Congresses. off to the west, the eye would rest upon a long thoroughfare Finally at the last session a compromise was reached. It was stretching away in a straight line. That is the only advantage agreed that instead of making the avenue straight we would de­ there would be in the straight avenue, and, as you see, it would be flect it. all in your eye; and $200,000 is quite a sum of the people's money The avenue already runs on a deflection, and up to about the to pay just to please the eye of those who drive along Connecticut summit of the hill or elevation referred to is already laid out, avenue from west of Rock Creek. although not of a width to compare with the rest of the avenue The matter of convenience to the public is very trifling, because off to the east. What gentlemen refer to when they speak about it makes a deflection of only a few rods, which practically amounts widening the avenue is at that point. Then there is a set-off to to nothing; and it did seem to the House conferees that it was an the left as you go westwatd; and farther toward the river is this expenditure that we ought not to e~ter upon to condemn the prop­ ground, for the condemnation of which an appropriation is pro­ erty necessary to straighten the street there. I am frank to say posed by this Senate amendment. It was stipulated that this that I did all in my power to prevent it and to agree upon the less condemnation should be authorized, provided the owners of the expensive route, and am still satisfied with my course. I have no land ded.icated a certain quantity on the other side of the avenue, doubt my associates are-- so as to make the proper approach there. Mr. MAHANY. As there are two bridge propositions here, I So, Mr. Speaker, after repeatedly meeting the Senate conferees, would like to ask the gentleman in charge of the bill to state for ·and entirely defeating this proposition to straighten Connecticut the information of the House which proposition he thinks is less avenue-knocking it out entirely-we felt om·selves compelled at urgent as a matter of present construction for the convenience of the last session to compromise by providing for completing the the people of the District of Columbia, and which one he thinks extension of the avenue, but not on the straight line-on the de­ ought to be built if we are compelled to take our choice. flected line-thus saving to the Government, as I have always Mr. BABCOCK. The Massachusetts avenue bridge is not under claimed, about $200,000. discussion now. Now, the construction of this bridge is only a question of time. Mr. GROUT. I have not balanced this matter in my mind, and That is the fact about the matter. The House Committee on Ap­ am not prepared to say which is most urgent. propriations did not have this proposition in the bill when it first Mr. MAHANY. Should not the gentleman or the committee came before you. We did have the next proposition referred to give us that information? . in Senate amendment No. 80, to construct a bridge across Massa­ Mr. GROUT. I wish to say in all fairness that it is not an un­ chusetts avenue. The Senate has put in a proposition to start suitable thing t.o enter upon the construction of both of these work on both these a venues. The House will remember that when bridges. I have no feeling about the matter and no interest in it. the question was up before, I thought we might profitably com­ I am perfectly willing to take the judgment of the House, and to mence the work on Massachusetts avenue bridge. I am informed carry it out faithfully, as we have done heretofore, because when that for that improvement there is to be no ~xpenditure for land;. the House disagreed to the other amendment, we felt constrained the way ls alreL\dY owned by the Government up to the abut­ to bring in a disagreement as t.o both and submit the matter to ments of the bridge. I do not speak with authority on that point, the House for your guidance. I yield to the gentleman from Wis­ but I am so informed. consin [Mr. BABCOCK], Myopinion isthatwhilewehavebroughtthesepropositions back Mr. BABCOCK. I fully concur in what the gentleman from to the House with a disagreement, the liouse might perhaps well Vermont has said, and I want to call the attention of the House enough agree to them. In accordance with the authority which to the fact that there is no connection between this appropriation we granted last session the condemnation proceedings have gone of 25,000 for the construction of this bridge and the matter of the on, and the indebtedness thereby incurred is to be paid either by bill appropriating $200,000 to open the street. That is a proposi­ inserting the necesgary appropriation in the pending deficiency tion that originated under the last appropriation bill and is being .. bill, or in some other bill at some other time. The payment of carried out under condemnation proceedings. Now, whether you that money is only a question of time. And it seems to me that appropriate this $25,000 to build a bridge or whether you do not we might properly enough commence the work on both these should not be considered with the other proposition. The bridge bridges. We do it in a small way. We have it in our own hands, has got to be built, and it is only a question whether you will com­ and while it must be admitted that the pressure has been severe, menceitnoworputitoff. Inmyopinionitoughtto be done now. both upon the Senate and the House, to have this work started, I Mr. KING. I want to ask the chairman of the District Com­ ought, perhaps, to state in frankness that when we came to this m~tt~e whether ~e thinks it is the prope province of this .Appro­ agreement in conference a year ago it was tacitly understood, in­ pnations Comm1tteetoproceed to lay out streets and avenues and deed it was expressly understood, that this bridge should be built, build bridges, and so forth? Ought not that wo1·k to originate with because we authorized the preparation of plans for the bridge and the District Committee, and ought not bills to come rather from made an appropriation for it. that committee before appropriations are made like those contem- This, then, in brief is the situation. The proposition of course plated in this appropriation bill? . calls for money. Arguments may be formulated against both of 1\Ir. LIVINGSTON. This did not originate in the Appropria- these propositions, but it does seem to me that the time has come tions Committee of the House. when we may start upon these enterprises, and that we are com­ Mr. KING. In the Appropriations Committee of the Senate. mitted to them by our previous action, perhaps in a measure upon Mr. DOCKERY. Oh, no; not a bit of it. compulsion, because the House stood out just as long as it could Mr. LIVINGSTON. It did not. It is a scheme brought by against doing anything with this Connecticut avenue proposition. the District authorities before the Congress of the United States. Finally we did agree upon the less expensive plan and took steps Mr. KING. It has not received the approval of· the regular for the construction of this bridge by authorizing plans. District Committee. Mr. McMILLIN. Will the gentleman allow me to interrupt Mr. PAYNE. I will say to the gentleman from Utah that there him? are many bills so intimately connected with appropriations that Mr. GROUT. Certainly. either committee might properly have charge of t~em; but it has 6118 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE. JUNE 18, been the rule that the Appropriations Committee shall have The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Cha:!r waited to hear objec- charge of nearly all the appropriations. The District Committee tion, and no objection was made. · have occasionally reported bills carrying appropriations, but not Mr. SlltiPSON. I made it just as soon as I could hear the result. as a ru1e. I believe the District Committee. should have charge of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Tile Chair thinks the point comes all legislation proper. • too late. Mr. KING. I agree with the gentleman on that. . On motion of Mr. LIVINGSTON, a motion to reconsider the last Mr. GROUT. I yield to the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. vote was laid on the table. DocKERY]. Mr. GROUT. Mr. Chairman, that leaves now the amendment Mr. DOCKERY. I congratulate the people of the northwest numbered 80andseve~alother amendments, including the amend­ section on the fact that they are soon to have largely increased ments relating to charity, on which the conferees have thus far bridge accommodations over Rock Creek. They now have a disagreed, and I shall ask that tl!e House support a motion to bridge half a mile from the proposed bridge, a good bddge, con­ further insist, if that satisfies the gentleman, in its disagreement structed without cost to the Government. This bridge is to be to the several Senate a~endments and ask for a further confer· given, and then when we reach the nex~ amendment a bridge ence. will be authorized seven-eighths of a mile from this. These Mr. MAHANY. I would like to be heard on that motion. bridges will cost over S4-00,000. I think the gentleman from New Mr. NORTHWAY. I move to concur in the Senate amend· York has the correct business view of the matter; that is, if we ments. - intend to enter upon these enterprises the money should be fully Mr. GROUT. I yield to the gentlep1an fro~ New York [Ml·. appropriated to carry the projects to completion and not start BENN~TT] . with an insufficient appropriation. If the House desires to make Mr. BENNETT. :Mr, Speaker, I move that the House recede the appropriation, I trust_some ~entleman will m<;>ve to concur from. its disagreement and agree to the Senate amendment relat- with an amendment carrymg the amount of the es~mate. ing to the Massachusetts avenue bridge. - - Mr. PAYNE. When these two bridges are built, they will be Mr. GROUT. I yiel4 ten minutes to the gentlem.an from New the only two bridge;s across Rock Creek that have not double Y9rk [Mr. 1\fAHANY]. street railroad car tracks over them? Mr. DOCKERY. I do not know about that. [Mr. MAHANY addressed the House. See Appendix.] Mr. MAHANY. Does the gentleman want this built for the Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Spearker, I desire to call the attention of exclusive benefit of people who use carriages? the gentleman from ~ew York to the t·emarks that were made on Mr. PAYNE. I want it built for the people who use carriages the 1st of Fepruary, 1898, found on page 13~5 of the RECORD, al­ as well as those who walk and those who ride in Ettreet cars. most exactly the words of the gentleman from New York, ~~de Mr. MAHANY. Not for the exclusive benefit and convenience by the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. J...ENT~], ill which he says: of the people who ride in carriages? This would be the result un­ Long before you waste this money for the benefit of a few men who will less the proposed bridge were part of a ~treet railway route. speculate in real estate you would better pay some of the delayed pensions· Mr. PAY~E. Because I believe.people ought to be allowed to to the crippled and aged soldiers ~nd their widows and orphans- walk in this country, and to have a bridge to walk o:r;t, if tl;tey Mr. MAHANY. Will the gentl~man allow me right there? want to, and I have not any demagogue about me either. Mr. BENNETT. I have not finished read.ing-. - Mr. MAHANY. We need the gent!~~::tn's assurance to be _cer­ Mr. ~fA~Y. I thank the gentleman from New York for tain of that. the reference, because it brings out the fact that in this Congress Mr. GROUT. I yield to the ge!!tleman from Georgia [Mr. the qecrepit and poverty-afilicted veteraps of thts country have, to LIVINGSTON] one minute. some extent at least, suffered from the rigorous eco11-omy prac­ Mr. LIVINGSTON~ I want the Hop.se to d.i,stinctly underst~nd ttced in the granting of invalid pensions. that this is not the Massac4usetta avezme b!-'idge. Mr, KING. Wi!l . ~yfriend fro~ lfew )!o~·k p_er:rp.j~ me~ ques­ Mr. BINGHAM. Does not the gentletnan want both bridges? tion? Mr. LIVINGSTON. The gentleman has no authority or right - Mr. BENNETT. Yes. to say that the next amendment will give the people of that vicin­ Mr. KING. Is notthe gentleman reading from the remarks of ity another bridge. the distinguished gentleman from Iowa [Mr. HEPBURN] ? As I Mr. BINGHAM. The gentleman does not desire to rest his remember, his remarks were stronger even than those of the gen­ case on the other. - tleman from Ohio [Mr. LENTZ]. Mr. DOCKERY. Is not the statement true? Mr. BENNETT, The gentle;man from Ohio [Mr. LENTZj fur­ Mr. LIVINGSTON. We are not sfu'ethattheotherbridgewill ther said: be built or that the other amendment will be adopted. Long before yon waste this ~,000 on the selfish interest of a. few men · Mr. GROUT. I ask for the previous questio:r;t. · yon would better open the mont~ of the Mississippi .H.iver, etc. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Before you put that motion, I should Now, that is almost the sa!fie }anguage used by the gentleman like to ask the chairman of the committee a question. Who is from New York [Mr. Jy!AHA.NY] ju~t p.ow. I am surprised that going to build this bridge? Who is going to pay for it? he should indulge in expressions made use of by others. Mr. DOCKERY. The people of th~ District half and the people Mr. MAHANY. Well, I shall never be charged with making of the United States half.- - use of · the expressions employeQ. by the gentleman from New Mr. CLARK of Missouri. What I want to know is, are the peo­ York. fLaughter.] · ple of the District of Columbia going to build their bridge or are .Mr. BEN:NETT. These two propositions, one for the Connecti­ we going to build it? That is a plain question. cut avenue bridge and the other fo!' the Massachusetts avenue 1\lr. GROUT. Whom do you mean by ''we"? bridge, ought to be adopted. The people along the line of Massa­ :MI·. CLARK of Missouri. I mean the people of the United chusetts avenue have freely given 16 feet of the land on either side, States. the rest of us. so that the bridge can be built without going through condemnation Mr. 'GROuT. The people of the United States and the people proceedings and without the expenditure of the money. Beyond of tlw District of Columbia are going to pay the expenl)e of build­ this, on Georgetown Heights, they have given probably 50,000 or ing the bridge-half and half. 60,00.0 feet of land for parking purposes. The bridge will lead to 1\!r. CLARK of Missouri. That is, the rest of the people are Georgetown Heights, to the Naval Observatory, and to the Wes­ going to pay half of the expense. leyan College, and to a thickly populated and settled portion of Mr. GROUT. That is right, sir. the city. I believe it will be of immense advantage to the District. Mr. BINGHAM. Under the law. Mr. MAHANY. Does the gentleman say that the Rock C1·eek Mr. GROUT. I ask for the previous question. region at the extension of Massachusetts avenue is a thickly set- The previous question was ordered. tled part of the city? . The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the motion Mr. BENNETT. I say that Georgetown Heights is thickly that the House recede from its disagreement and concur in Senate settled. amendment No. 79. Mr. CLAYTON. Will the gentleman from New York allow The question being taken, several members demanded a division. me? Would not the building of the bridge be of great public con­ The House divided. - venience? The SPEAKER pro tempore. On this question the ayes are 50 Mr. BENNETT. Yes; I believe both bridges should be con­ and the noes are 41. Accordingly the motion is agreed to. structed, and I am unable to understand the position of the gen­ Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. Speaker, there is no quorum present. tleman from New York [Mr. MAHANY]. Mr. LIVINGSTON. That point is made too late. Mr. ~NY. Why should this money be spent for the build­ Mr. SIMPSON. No, it is not too late. I made the point of no ing of these bridges when there are so many unpaved streets in quorum as soon as the result was announced. I do not see how it the populous suburbs of the city? can be too late. M~. GROUT. I yield to the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. HEN­ Mr. LIVINGSTON. The Chair delayed the announcement; the DERSON"l such time as he may want. Chair waited. Mr. HENDERSON. Mr. Speaker, I am very much in favor of Mr. SIMPSON. The Chair did not wait. this amendment for the construction of this bridge. The amount 1898. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-.HOUSE. 6119

appropriated in the amendment is $25,000. The estimated total University, which involves a contemplated expense of $10,000,000

cost for the constl·uction of the bridge is, in round numbers, to $12 1000,000, with ~ 8200,000 building already erected, this road, $200,000. That is the estimate of the engineer. There is a little opens the connections to the most popular park of that whole bridge there now that cost about 8'20,000, wholly unfit for travel country, namely, along the Tennallytown road, where the homes and public use. The bridge contemplated is a steel bridge, and of honest people-not speculators-_stand like monuments to the is to be used for all purposes except for carriages, cars, and wagons industry of their owners. carrying heavy loads. It connects with theNational Observatory, Mr. MAHANY rose. which has a circle of 100 acres. Reference has been made that Mr. HENDERSON. Ah, my friend, yon thonght one question that portion beyond the contemplated bridge is not populous;. it would dol It will do foJ; me. [Laughter.] could not be very populous with 100 acres taken up for a National Mr. MAHANY. It evidently" did,, for you. [Laughter.] Observatory. I am, however, advised that the int.erests of the Mr. HENDERSON. Not only will this bridge, with its con­ National Observatory require and demand the construction of a necting thoroughfares, accommodate that popular park along the bridge adapted for all heavy carrying purposes. It also leads to Tennallytown road., but it will accommodate Tennallytown itself. the great National Methodist University, which also has 100 acres, Now, Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the House of Representa­ and where there is a building just completed in which has been tives, I h8tve sometimes said that if suddenly confronted with a put $200,000, and students will soon begin to occupy it. - question of how I should vote when educational institutions w~re This Methodist University is backed up by the entire Methodist appealing for aid, and if I had not time to investigate the particu­ Church of the United States. We have in this city a Catholic lar question presented, I would vqte blindly in behalf of education. tJniversity, and Congress has given it every facility, by roadways But this matter I have investigated. I have looked carefully into and street i~provements, to afford it easy facilities in connecting it and I beUeve that this improvement is. needed. And I want to with the city. I remember very well, when Samuel J. Randall say to th~ Appropriations. Committee, whose members responded was chairman of the Committee on Appropriations and I was OJ;t to the leaders who WeJ;e erecting the Catholic University, that r the subcommittee on appropriations for the District of Columbia, thank them for their consistency in coming here with this little Mr. Randall called my attention to these matters and said we recognition of the great Methodist University of the United. States would march on a line of a policy that would give easy and com­ and (in the future) of the world. fortable access to these great universities. We did so. If my Mr. GROUT. I yield two minutes to the gentleman fro~ New memory does not err, we put in $15,000 at that time as our first York [Mr. MAHANY]. . move for the improvement of the streets leading toward that uni­ Mr. 'MAH.ANY. In reply to the geJ?.tleman from Iowa [Mr. yersity; and other appropriations have since been made. H~NDERSON], let me say that~ the proposition is to give a do~a­ Now, the Methodists of this country are building a great uni­ tion of 8-900,.000 to thi.l? university~ let us so understand it. If this

verf;!ity at an estimated cost of 810 1000,000, and they are asking for improvement is to be made for the benefit of a" thickly settled this great university the same facilities and privileges that Con- population," consisting of ten. or twenty inhabitants on this side gress has already given to t~e. Catholic University. ~ of Rock Creek and none on the other side, let us nndeTstand that Mr. SIMPSON. Is it not a fact that this Methodist college has fact. I observe that the Pennsy~vania <;l.e~eg~tion are a unit in. about 90 acres of vacant land over there which would be largely f~vor of this bridge. increased in value if this bridge should be built? Mr. BINGHAM. Of course t~ey are. Several MEMBERS. We hope that is so. Mr. MAHANY. Possibly the fact that the proprietor of a Mr. HENDERSON. 'rhey have 100 acres. They have a build­ Philadelphia n~wspaper has buil~ a 85Q,OOQ ho~e across that creek in~ up now, costing 5200,000, which will be occupied by students may have some infl,uence? thiS fall. And if giving them l'oad facilities improv·~s their prop­ Mr~ BINGHAM. A house which he has owned for twenty erty, it is simply doing what every Republican, Democrat1 and years. Populist ought to favor. · Mr. MAHANY. In which he has doubtless lived very com- Mr. MAHANY. May I ask the ge~tleman a question in that fortably for twenty years without this biidge. · connection? The fact of the matter is, Mr. Speaker, it does not require .1\fr. HENDERSON. Now, if the gentleman from New York anybody versed in public affairs, t{) understand that this proposi­ will content himself with only one question, I will yield. tion has all the aarmarks of a "job." The purpqse is. to· take Mr. MAHANY. I think one question will do. Is it not prob­ $200,000 out of the Treasury for the benefit, as I said, of a few able that students who attend that university will take the street land speculators who desire to enhance. their private holdings at railway routes in preference to walking over· that bridge? the public expense. M:r. HENDERSON. I am assured by Prof. Samuel L. Beiler Mr. GROUT. I now yield to the gentleman from Pennsylvania that this bridge is absolutely needed for the freight and loading (Mr. OLMSTED]. work on that university, and I will put that earnest worker in the . 1\fr. OLMSTED. Mr. Speaker, so far as the city of Washington cause of education against my :enend from New York. IS concerned, we sit here ·as a town or city council. I think we But I will not stop there. I send to the Clerk's desk a letter ad­ ought to consider this subject just as the councils of any great dressed to me by Bishop Hurst,•who is at the head of this great city would conside~ a similar project coming before them. l am enterprise. I ask to have it read for the information of the Ho~se. satisfied that the gentleman from New York who opposes this The Clerk re:1.d as follows: measure has never been. upon the scene of this proposed bridge. WASHINGTON, D. C., March 14, 1898. Mr. MAHAN~Y. Oh, I have been there many times. M-r DEAR MB. RENDERSO~: A few yeara ago the Congress extended Mas­ sachusetts avenue to the site of the American University. This, of course, Mr. OLMSTED. Your remarks upon the subject and your was done not with a t·hought of aid to the university, but to develop the course to-day do not indicate it, for you oppose this measure, al­ wide ·t and most important residence street of Washington. The university though you failed to vote against the proposition to build a bridge ·site covers 90 acres, and we ab·eady have our first building completed, the college of history,costing $170,000. Wn have in contemplation another build­ across Connecticut avenue, whereas any man familiar with the ing for this fall, but materials for building are hauled to the grounds by va­ location knows that th,is Massachusetts avenue bridge is ten times rious circuitous routes. The Con~ress has approuriated annually for anum­ as necessary as the Connecticut avenue bridge against which you ber of years about 10,000 for the extension of the avenue, but this seems now to have stopped. There seems to be no appropriation for either the exten­ failed either to vote or to raise your voice.. sion of the avenue or for the bridge over Rock Creek. We favor the amend­ Mr. MAHANY. That is your assumption or presumption. ment of the Senate proposing $25,000 for the bridge. There is no direct out­ Mr. OLMSTED. ~tis no assumption or presumption. I have let for the Frederick road and the country beyond. Ma5sachusetts avenue would furnish just such an outlet. The Woodley lane is too hilly for the been upon the ground within the past two hours and know hauling of material and even of produce. I have made caref~ inquiry and whereof I speak. Now, the only argument which the gentleman find that l\in.ssacbusetts a>enue, If extended, can be opened Without the con· has made against this bridge is that, forsooth, somebody owning damnation of any ground, as the property has already been dedicated, with perhaps a very trilling exception of one or two small pieces. land upon the other side-some imaginary syn<;l.icate-may profit We hope to open our department of history this fall. As soon as the bridge by the construction of the bridge. · · · is built and the avenue is opened, there will be. constant use of both for the Mr. MAHANY. The syndicate may be "imaginary," but its university, its patrons, and its students. We ha.>e not the slightest financial influence, apparently, is very real. . interest in this, except our development will be more rapid. I hope all friends of education will see the importance of this great undertaking. The Ameri­ Mr. OLMSTED. The only syndicate that has been mentioned can University is an institution to whkh all leading Protestant denomina­ is the Methodist College, which owns 100 acres of land, and a. tions have contributed, and even the Roman Catholic friends to education have cooperated to some extent also. . gentleman whom my friend from New York says lives and owns This letter will be handed to you by Rev. Dr. S. L. Beiler, the vice-chan­ a great newspaper in PhHadelphia and owns a residence upon the cellor of the university, who will be glad to give you any further information avenu.e on the other side of this impassable ravine. Now, if any that you may desire. gentleman living in Philadelphia or anywhere in Pennsylvania Yours sincerely, · . JOHN F. HURST. owns a house over there, he has never spoken to me upon the sub: Hon. D. B. HEx-DERSOY, ject. If he does own such property, that fact will not prevent House of Rep1'esentatives. me from voting for this much-needed improvement. I say it is a Mr. HENDERSON. - Now, :Mr. Speaker, I wish to add only a shame and a disgrace that the broadest, ~argest, and finPst avenue word. In addition to accommodating the National Observatory, in this city, which is rapidly becoming, and ought to be, the finest where the Government has now a million dollars planted, and in and ~ost beautiful residence city in the world-a city in which addition to the facilities wh.ich will be given to the Meth'odist the whole people of the T;JniteKentucky. Is the gentleman aware that Mr. MAHANY. If the gentleman will permit me for a mo­ this same item has been heretofore rejected by the House? ment, I will bring the testimony of the official geographer of the Mr. KING. Yes; by a decisive vote. Government. There [showingthe map] is a wilderness, while the I will say to the gentleman from Vermont [Mr. GROUT] that 1 Connecticut avenue extension leads through and to a compara­ do not know what has been done in the past, but it does seem to tively populous region. me that it is the duty of the District Committee to introduce and The SPEAKER pro tempore. Does the gentleman from Penn­ provide legislation for the construction of bridges and the o:vening . sylvania yiflld? of streets. When this is done the Committee on Appropriations' Mr. OLMSTED. I yield no fm·ther. I thought the gentleman has merely the perfunctory duty of adding to the appropriation based his information upon some picture that he had seen some­ bills the necessary appropriations for the meeting of the expenses where or other and not upon personal knowledge, which have been incurred. Mr. MAHANY. Oh, I base it upon both. Mr. GAINES. Does this bill order a bridge built and also pr

bridge that is urged as a sufficient reason to spend large sums for Mr. HEPBURN. I would like to have" that minute. the construction of additional bridges. If some gentlemen could Mr. GROUT. I yield the gentleman such time as he desires. have their way we would construct a bridge at the extension of Mr. HEPBURN. Some time ago, Mr. Speaker, when this mat- every street, avenue, and highway in the District. tor was under consideration, I made some observations in opposi­ Mr. BINGHAM. I would, speaking for myself. . tion to this structure. I am glad to see that what I said at that time :M:r. KING. Of course my distinguished friend from Pennsyl­ has made some impression even upon the.gentleman from Utah. vania would expend all the money in the Treasury-- Mr. KING. I agreed with you then. Mr. BINGHAM. · I would put one on every street, if necessary. Mr. HEPBURN. And that he now remembers what I said. Mr. KING (continuing). And when that was gone, he would Mr. KING. I always remember what my friend says. bond the United States, and when those bonds were sold and the Mr. HEPBURN. I intend to vote just as the gentleman votes. money exhausted, he would again issue bonds, until he fastened He seems to think it is a singular thing that I do not reiterate and the gold standard and a perpetual national debt upon the Ameri­ repeat what I said on that occasion. I have observed a habit the can people. [Laughter.] gentleman has himself of that kind. I think among the many Now, Mr. Speaker, I say again, there is no necessity for the con­ speeches he has made, perhaps if he could have contented himself struction of this bridge. • It is sill!-ply, and I repeat the words of as I have now the House would have had all the information on my friend from New York, in the interest of some people who the subjects he has discussed. I do not think it is necessary to go have property beyond the settled portion of the city. It will en­ over the argument I made then. I satisfied myself, if no one else, hance the value of it, of course. This should not be done when that this ought not to pass, and I am still of that opinion. [ Ap­ there are streets in this city that need paving and avenues within plause.l a short radius of this Capitol that need attention. Mr. GROUT. Mr. Speaker, I ask for the previous question. Mr. MAHANY. And the Potomac Flats to reclaim. The previous question was ordered. Mr. KING. My friend from Iowa [Mr. HEPBURN] in his Feb­ The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. DALZELL). The question is ruary speech talked about the necessity of reclaiming the Potomac on the motion that the House recede from its disagreement to Flats before making such appropriations as this. He called atten­ Senate amendment No. 8 and concur. tion to the effect of the noisome gases arising from these poison­ The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by Mr. ous flats, the fever which they engender decimating the ranks of DocKERY, Mr. KING, and others) there were-ayes 48, noes 42. the people, and then inveighed against this committee making Mr. MAHANY, Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky, and Mr. SIMP­ extravagant and useless appropriations upon the heights beyond SON. No quorum, Mr. Speaker. when appropriations ought to be made for the sanitary condition The SPEAKER pro tempore proceeded to count the House. and for the health and improvement of the immediate city. Mr. MAHANY (pending the count). Mr. Speaker, I withdraw Mr. SIMPSON. I take it from what has been said that this is the point of no quorum. a scheme to enable the Methodist College, while serving God, to Mi. SIMPSON. I 1·enew it, Mr. Speaker. put money in their pockets. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. I make the point, Mr. Speaker. Mr. KING. I can not say as to. that; but I venture to remark Mr. MOODY. Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. that if this bridge is constructed, it is apparent from the number The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman will state it. of railroads that approach the university that no one will travel Mr. MOODY. If before the point of no quorum is withdrawn to it over this proposed bridge. If Massachusetts avenue is fol­ the Chair should announce no quorum was present, would it be lowed, persons need only to diverge a short distance from the possible for the Honse to proceed with any business, eulogies or main traveled way in order to obtain a good bridge by which to any business whatever, until a quorum was secured? cross Rock Creek. There is no necessity at the present time for The SPEAKER pro tempore. It would not. the construction of such a bridge as is contemplated by this Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I would like to make a proposition amendment, and I sincerely hope that the amendment will be that the yeas and nays be considered as ordered and the report voted down. stand over until Monday, so that the special order in reference to Mr. GROUT. In reply to the gentleman's attack upon the eulogies may be entered upon at once. committee, stating that it ];las usurped· the functions of another Mr. RICHARDSON. Let it stand over until the next legisla- • committee, the District Committee, let me say. that whatever ex­ tive day on which the conference report is considered. penditure is considered municipal in character it has always been Mr. PAYNE. Yes; the previous question has been orderedt held-at least such has always been the practice-that the Com­ and let it be taken up on the next day when the conference report mittee on Appropriations have power to provide for it without an is considered. order in the shape of general legislation. They do not wait on Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, I will withdraw the Committee on the District of Columbia to order lamps here the point of no quorum for that purpose, but shall renew it if it is and there, or a bridge here and there. In other words, there is not agreed to. , authority in the committee to appropriate for anything directly Mr. SIMPSON. With that nnderstanding, Mr. Speaker, that municipal. The Committee on the District of Columbia have it goes over until Monday, I withdraw the point of no quorum. recognized the propriety of this course by asking to be discharged · The SPEAKER pro tempore. The point of no quorum is with­ from the consideration of this very matter and having it referred drawn, and unanimous consent is asked that the yeas and nays be to our committee during this very session. So much for this. considered as ordered on the pending proposition. Is there objec­ Now, Mr. Speaker, one rea-son further for the construction of this tion? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. bridge that has not been mentioned. Unanimous consent is further asked that the report shall go The accommodation it will be to the National Observatory has over until Monday-- been referred to; also the necessity fori t on the part of the Methodist Mr. RICHARDSON. Until the conference report is in order. University. Allegations have beenmadethatthere are no houses The SPEAKER pro tempore. Until the conference report is in on the other side of Rock Creek. There are not close down to the order. Is there objection to that? [After a pause.] The Chair creek, but up beyond there are, and still farther beyond is the vil­ hears none, and it is so ordered. · lage of Tenn(Lllytown. But the fact not yet stated and bearing REMOVAL OF ABANDONED TRACKS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. upon the propriety of building this bridge is this: There have since 1892 been appropriations made for the improvement of the Mr. BABCOCK. Mr. Speaker, I present a conference report on roadway beyond Rock Creek-mark that, gentlemen-to the the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendment of th& amount of some forty-odd thousand dollars, in small sums, run­ House to the bill (S. 914) to compel street railway companies in tha ning th1·ough the different years, with a view of spanning the District of Columbia to remove abandoned tracks, and for other chasm in due time with a bridge and opening by that avenue to purposes. that university and Observatory free and easy access to the city. The Clerk read the conference report, as follows: It The committee of conference·on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on will be remembered that when this matter came up in the con­ the amendment of the House to-the bill (S. 914) "An act to compel st reet rail­ sideration of this bill in the House I was in favor of this appro­ way companies in the District of Columbia to remove abandoned tracks, and priation. But as the House refused to make the appropriation, for other purposes," having met, after full and free conference have agreed I feel that it is my duty in conference to stand against the item to recommend and do recommend to their respective Houses as follows: That the Senate recede from its disagreement to the first and second and and agree to it only when the House shall so instruct or when third amendments of the House and agree to the same. further resistance would seem to imperil the bill. Nevertheless That t he Senate r ecede from its disagreement to the fourth amendment it is my individual judgment that we ought to enter upon the con­ of the House and agree t o the same amended as follows: In line 3 of the mat­ ~er pr oposed to be inserted, after the word " over," insert the words "any struction of this bridge now. :Mr. Speaker, I think this matter has portion of the under~round electric; " and in line 11 of said matter , after the been sufficiently discussed, and I demand the previous question. words " fine of $10, " msert the wor ds " for every car operated irr violation of Mr. KING. A parliamentary inquiry. the provisions of this act, said fine;" and that the House agree to the same. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman will state it. J. W. BABCOCK, G. M .. CURTIS, Mr. KING. I believe I have a minute left; and if so, I would JAMES D. RICHARDSON, be very glad to yield it to the gentleman from Iowa. Managers on the part of the Hou.se. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman yielded the floor JAMES McMILLAN, and did not reserve any time. ' REDFIELD PROCTOR, CHAS. J. FAULKNER, Mr. GROUT. I demand the previous question. Managers on the part of the Senate.. .

6122 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 18,

The statement was read, as foll9ws: That the House reeede from its disagreement- to the amendment of the Senate numbered 12, and agree to the same amended by inserting after the The Senate recedes from its disa.areement to all of the amendments of the words "from the opening" the words "and grading; " and that the Senate House and agrees to the sa:tne. In the fourth amendment the report of the agree to the same. conference committee simply makes the meaning more definite, as a strict That the Senate recede from its amendment numbered 14. con truction of the amendment as it passed the Senate would make it neces­ That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the sary to change one street railway from electric to horsepower which error Senate numbered 15, and agree to the same amended as follows: On page 3, is now provided for. The second amendment in the same amendment pro­ line 7, strike out the words ·• unless the roadway of;" all of lines 8, 9, and 10, vides a more definite penalty for the violation of the act. and in line U the words "between New York avenue and G street," and in· The conference report was agreed to. sert "the roadway shall be widened to a width of 45 feet, one-half at the expense of said company and one-half at the expense of any District of Co· RIGHTS OF PURCHASERS OF THE BELT RAILWAY, lumbia appropriation available for such work;" and the Senate agree to the same. Mr. BABCOCK. Mr. Speaker, I present the conference report That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Qn the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendment of Senate numbered 19, and agree to the same amended as follows: In lieu of the matter proposed to be stricken out and inserted on page 4, line 13, strike out the Senate to the bill-H. R. 8541, an act to define the rights of all after the word "act" to the end of the section and insert the following: purchasers of the Belt Railway, and for other purposes. "Or otherwise: Pro'Vided, That such stock and bonds shall be issued t

1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6123

\ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, the confer­ trine whereby our Government laid ont the map of the world and ence report will be considered as withdrawn. forced the world to accept the map. There was no objection. He was a young man when Jackson, who had been a soldier in LEAVE OF ABSENCE. the Revolution, still lived. He beheld his country when it num­ bered but a few millions; he lived to see it surpass in greatness By unanimous consent leave of absence was granted as follows: and grandeur not only the nations now existing, but any nation To Mr. DAVISON of Kentucky, for five days, on account of im- that ever rose in the world's history. He lived when there was l>OTtant business. not a railroad, a telegraph, or a telephone in the world. Yet To Mr. ZENOR, indefinitely, on account of important business. when he died our coun.try had enough 1·ailroad mileage to circle To Mr. HARTMAN, for three weeks. the globe six times. Before he died he could whisper across the To Mr. CRUMPACKER, indefinitely, on account of important State and talk almost across the continent. Before his death he business. could have recorded his voice in the graphophone so it could be To Mr. JoY, for ten days, on account of sickness in his family. taken off sigh for sigh and sound for sound by his grandchildren HIGHW .A. YS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. fifty years after his death. Mr. BABCOCK. I ask that House bill No. 10209, known as the As already stated, he moved from Franklin County, Tenn., to "highway bill," may be laid before the House at this time, so Henry County when only about 14 years old, to hire as a clerk in that the Chair may announce the conferees. The bill is now on a store. I have nan·ated how he set up for himself at the age of the Speaker's table. 21 years. The SPEAKER pro tempore laid before the House, with the But mercantile pursuits were not sufficiently exciting for him. amendments of the Senate, the bill (H. R. 10209) to repeal an act While thus engaged, looking forward to a vocation more conge­ of Congress approved March 2, 1893, entitled ' An a,ct to provide nial with his fiery and eloquent nature, h~ had studied law at a permanent system of highways in that part of the District of night, getting whatever private training he could obtain. Columbia lying outside of cities," and for other purposes. He moved back to Paris, Tenn~, whence he had gone to Missis­ Mr. BABCOCK. I move that the House nonconcur in the sippi, and in the year 1841 began the practice of the law in con­ amendments of the Senate and agree to the conference asked, junction with an older brother, who was both able and distin­ The motion was agreed to. guished in the practice. From this time forward his life was one The SPEAKER pro tempore announced the appointment of of strenuous exertion, constant battle. and great triumph. Mr. BABCOCK, Mr. CURTIS of Iowa, and Mr. RICHARDSON as con­ He was elected a member of the State-legislature from his sena­ ferees on the part of the House. torial district in 184 . In 1848 he was a candidate for elector from his Congressional EULOGIES ON THE LATE SEXATOR HA.RRJ;S. district on the Democratic ticket. He displayed tact and ability Mr. McMILLIN. Mr. Speaker, I offer the resolutions which I to such a degree as to arouse the enthusiasm of his friends and send to the Clerk's desk, pursuant to the special order. cause them to look to him for a standard bearer later on. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Clerk will report the resolu­ In 1849 he was nominated for Congress, again canvassing the tion. district, and was elected. The resolutions were read, as follows: He was reelected in 1851, and at the close of his term, declining Resolved, That the business of the House be now suspended that OI>J>Or­ further nomination, he removed to Memphis, which was his homE) tu:xPty maybe given for fitting tribute to the memory of Hon. IsHAM G.l:IAR­ until his death, and entered successfully into the :practice of his BIS, late a. Senator from the State of Tennessee. Resolved, That, as an additional mark of re~pect to his memory and emi­ profession. nent ervice, at t.he conclusion of these memorial proceeding the House stand In 1856 he again entered the political arena as candidate for aQjourned. elector for the State at large on the Democratic ticket. His op­ · Re.~o lved , That 1\ copy of these resolutions be tritnsmttted by the Clerk of the House to the family of the deceased. ponent in this campaign was one of the most distinguished of Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate. Tennessee sons, Ex-Gover-nor Neil S. Brown, who was not only able as a lawyer, but able in debate. He was one of two distin­ Mr. McMILLIN. Mr. Speaker, weassembleto-daytopaytribute guished brothers, the other being Gen. John C. Brown: who were to the memory of one of the most remarkable men ever produced governors of Tennessee. by •:the VolunteerState"-ISHA~ GREE~ lJARRIS. Tennessee has In 1857 he was elected governor of Tennessee. been prolific of great men, and they have been prolific of great In 1859 he was reelected. deeds. She, before admission to statE.\hood, fm·nished John Sevier Then came the etirring events of the civil war in which he was and his fellow-officers and their brave comrades to win the battle to play so distinguished a part. .As "war governor" he was un­ of Kings Mountain and the Revolution; furnished General Jack­ tiring in his exertions in organizing and equipping troops, send­ son to conquer England's trained army qt New Odeans, and sub­ ing them to the front, and in feeding and clothing them. So sequently, as P1·esident, to stand as the great tribune of-the peo­ energetically and aucces~fully did he carry on this work that ple; furnished Polk to carry on the Mexican war; Houston to wrest when the war closed about 100,000 men had been furnished to the Texas from Mexico; Crockett to immortalize ''the .Alamo" by his Confederate army, notwithstanding the thousands that had gone . (teath, and Andrew Johnson to take the helm of state a~ President to the Union Army, the State being divided in sentiment on the during the trying hours immediately ~:ucceeding our civil war. question of secession. The State has furnished a long liue of other noble and able states­ When Tennessee was overrun by the Federal forces and the capi­ men, yet, Mr. Speaker, ISHAM G. HARRIS sta11ds out in hi~tory as tol had to be abandoned, Senator HARRIS took up his line of march a distinguished man, even when compared to these distinguished with the Confederate troops and stayed with them to the close of sons of our splendid State. the eonflict. Hfl was a portion of the time with that great cav­ IsHAM G. HARRIS was born in Franklin County, Tenn., on the alry commander, Gen. Bedford Forrest; but probably a greater lOth of February, 1818. He died July 8, 1897. He therefore lacked portion of his time prwr to the death of that distinguished gen­ bht little of reaching fourscore years. He married Miss Martha eral was spent with Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, by whose side Travis, of Paris, Tenn., whom he survived only a few months. he was when that great commander of Confederate forces was They left four sons; and four of their children died b~fore the killed at Shiloh. Qne of the most graphic descriptions I evel· parents. heard was by Senato~· IlAllliiS only a few days before the begin­ That State-this country-has produced few men who achieved ning of his last illness, giving an account of the death of Gen. so many triumphs despite so many difficulties. Albert Sidney Johnston and the great battle in which it occurred. He was too poor when he began life to acquu·e a collegiate edu­ During this period he had in his custody the school fund of cation. He was too poor even to start a business of his own and Tennessee. It was a coin fund, dedicated by the people of Ten­ had to hire to another as clerk. But early in the action he showed nessee to the cause of education alone, and amounted to many tho e sterling qualities-intelligence, integrity, and industry­ hundred thousand dollars. When compelled to leave the State he which caused him to win his first battle, enabled him to enter carried this tl:easure with him, and month after month and year business on his own account about the time he attained his after year, from city to city, as the army went, the fund was majority, and to triumph in so many of the battles of later life. taken. Through all troubles it was preserved intact, and when But this is an experience so oft witnessed that it has come to be the war closed, not being able to 1'eturn to the State, he sent it doubted whether poverty in youth has not made more great men back to be used as the law had dedicated it. than it ever marred. Poverty and misfortunes try the man. At the close of this fierce conflict, in which more than 2,000,000 Trials and tribulations once passed are found to have chastened soldiers had participated, sectional and war prejudices were at and strengthened the man instead of weakening him. the highest pitch. The then -ruling government of Tennessee, on :Mr. Speaker, a brief, plain narrative of the struggles of Senator the charge that he had been guilty of treason to the State, offered IJ;ARRIS and his triumphs makes a very bright page in American a reward for Senator HA.RRIS, by reason of which he left the United history. He was born before Jefferson wrote his famous letter States and went to Mexico. After staying some time in Mexico urgmg the promulgation of the ''Monroe doctrine" or Monroe he went to England, where he lived and engaged in business for proclaimed it. He therefore saw the rise and triumph of tha~ doc- one year. The prejudices of war subsiding, he returned to the

I • •

6124 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 18, ·'

State he had loved so well and resumed the practice of his pro- none but strange faces were to meet him and none but "strange fession. · voices to greet him-a standing reward offered by his native State­ He continued this, taking interest in the political affairs of his for his capture and return. But over all of these he triumphed, State, but seeking no office until 1876. In that year the Demo­ and returning to his loved Commonwealth, was again chosen as cratic party, in convention at Nashville, moved by a remarkably the leader of its thought and action, and for a fifth of a century eloquent address delivered by him to the convention, nominated occupied with distinguished ability a seat in that great Chamber, him over all opposition as candidate for elector on the Tilden­ It was therefore fitting that the scene of his activities should be Hendricks ticket. It soon developed that there still existed in that of his funeral. The poverty under which he rested in h:Uf­ some portions of the State prejudice against him to such a degree youth and the difficulties he encountered in after years neither that he came to believe that votes wonld be polled against his retarded nor crushed him. party on account of prejudices against him. With the same Mr. Speaker, it is saiQ. that the eagle builds its nest never near manliness and devotion that bad characterized his whole life he the ground, nor ever i.n the valley, but on loftiest and most inac­ came forward in a patriotic address to the people, declining to cessible peaks. It is also said that when t.heparent bird concludes make the race for elector, in order that some man against whom that the eaglets have lingered long enough around the nest she - there were no prejudices might be put forward by his party. At carries them, not down with tenderness and care to earth to try the same time he declared his purpose to be no laggard in the con­ their wings, but bearing them aloft upon her back above th6 flict, but to go forward, doing battle wherever his services were clouds she shakes them off in mid-air to defy the dangers and needed, which he did. gain the g-lories of the skies. Like tha.t young bird, our dead' In 1877 he was elected by the Democratic legislature to the statesman was shaken off in tender years, but like the eagle, he United States Senate, where the balance of his life was spent in soared above all difficulties. faithful and efficient service to his country. Those who served Accompanied by a portion of his many!aithful friends and asso­ with him in the Senate have already testified to his efficiency in ciates, we took his remains to his native State. At the capitol the every department of legislative life. It will, therefore, not be dead statesman, in the senate chamber, where he had first had necessary for me to recount all of his characteristics in that body. legislative experience, was visited by thousands. The men whom Suffice it to say that as a debater he was courteous but bold, he had fought in past years and those with whom he had done pointed, able, and eloquent. As a parliamentarian he probably battle alike came to pay the tribute of then· respect to his memory. had no superior in the distinguished body of which he was a The old Confederate was there, the old Democrat, the aged Whig, member. He adhered with unflinching devotion to the principles th~ Republican-all were there, and there was no heart that was of the Democratic party. He believed in a strict construction of not sad. Thence his remains were taken to Memphis, and there the Constitution, in economy in public expenses, and the exertion thousands gathered to attend his funeral and to witness his burial. of the taxing power only for the purpose of obtaining revenue. Near the great river, in the greatest of all the v!;lolleys of earth, When the great conflict was on in 1894 for revising the tariff in the beautiful cemetery of t]+e splendid city of Memphis, we laws and reducing taxation to the requirements of economic gov­ laid him to rest. ernment, be was made the manager in the Senate of that measure. Nor shall his glory be forgot While Fame her record keeps, He was also appointed one of the conferees on the part of the Or memory points the hallowed spot Senate when that bill was sent to conference. During the long Where valor proudly sleeps. and trying period that it was in conference he attended with the same punctuality and worked with the same assiduity that char­ Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, the first acquaintance I had with: acterized him in all things. Though then very old, he was able the late Senator HARRIS was after he came to the Senate in 1877. to stand the long strain when others more youthful and appar­ Senator HARRIS was, I believe, for most of the time he was in ently more robust gave way. He and the lamented and eloquent the Senate, a member of the Finance Committee. During this Voorhees were both on that conference, and have both gone hence, time I was a member of the Committee on Coinage, Weights,. leaving behind a great name and record. and Measures in the House. The jurisdiction of these two com· During a portion of the time that Senator HARRIS was a mem­ mittees often brought us in close relations personally and politi· ber of the Senate he was President pro tempore of that body, and cally. no man was more frequently called to the chair, whether the ad­ He became the leader of the Democratic party in the Senate in ministration of the Senate was of his political faith or not, than he. all the great battles for the free coinage of silver and in resisting :Many regarded Senator HARRIS as impetuous. He was never the efforts of the opponents of bimetallism in further demonetizing so in coming to a conclusion. He was careful of his premises, it. During the great battle that is memorable in our history as deliberate in making up his mind; but when the conclusion was probably one of the most notable in the annals of parliamentary reached, his stand was so decided and his action so unrestrained debate that took place in the effort to repeal what is commonly that many, not knowing him well, would conclude that he was an known as the Sherman .Act, the late Senator HARRIS took the lead· impulsive and impetuous man, whereas nothing was further from ing part; in fact, he was, to all intents and purposes, the parlia­ him. mentary counselor and leader in the Senate on the side of the bi­ He was warm in his friendships, true to his friends, and truth­ metallists. I often saw him in the Senate when the questions of · ful in all things. He never made a promise that he did not fulfill parliamentary law were raised dm·ing this contest take the leading nor even give an intimation in a direction that he did not intend part in maintaining the position of his side, and anyone who ever to go. saw him in one of those contests, who had an opportunity to ob­ Blessed with a strong constitution that seemed to require no serve the great force with which he put his points and the clear­ care, with a body that never tired, and a spirit that never flagged, ness in which he stated his propositions and the strong and em­ this remarkable man moved on to a. ripe old age with not a men­ phatic language in which he made his demonstrations can never tal faculty dimmed and with none of his fiery spirit quenched. forget the power, both mental and physical, that was exhibited by But the end came, as it must come to all. The time arrived when the man. Every word came from him as a shot from a cannon, the spirit, though unimpaired, could not pull forward a weary, and it went to the mark as if aimed by an expert. There was no worn, and wastAd body. Until a very recent period before his effort at ornate speech, but an immense cannonading of logic, death he continued to wait upon the daily sessions of the Senate power in statement, and conviction in argument. with his accustomed regularity. Finally, when the breakdown I always regarded him as a firm and determined friend of the did come, he went to the seashore to gain strength and recupera­ people as he understood their interests. He was a man who pos­ tion. And well might he, for during the period that they were sessed great courage, and was not afraid to announce hi views contemporaries the waves had not been more ceaseless in their and opinions on any subject. He had that faith in the intelligence motion than his spirit ceaseless in its exertion. The recuperation and fairness of the American people to believe that a man would obtained there was only temporary. He returned to the Capitol be measured by them according to that degree of coura.ge and and to the Senate Chamber to again take up the struggle; but fidelity with which he fought for the principles that he honestly the effort was useless. The time had come when a long and maintained. eventful life must terminate-that earth was to reclaim its dust, I shall not attempt to give a historical sketch of him, but shall and God the spirit He had lent it. I stood at his bedside and felt leave that to those who knew him as a neighbor and friend from his last pulse beat. The end was as calm as the summer's eve on the State which he so long and ably represented not only in offi­ which it came. The man who had been so fiery in life was as a cial positions at home, but in the councils of the Federal Govern­ sleeping child in de-ath. ment. I shall not attempt to enter into a eulogy upon ills high With appropriate ceremonies his funeral occurred in the Senate character. I could not pronounce a greater eulogy upon him Chamber. There is where it should have occurred. He had had than the simple, truthful statement that from my knowledae of every trial that could test youth, every stn1ggle that could em­ him, extending over a period of twenty years, he impressed me as barrass young manhood, and every difficulty that could hamper a man of great ability and wide attainments; a man of undoubted mature manhood and old age. Step by step he had gone forward courage and strong convictions, and was always ready to maintain and upward, till he had held almost every office in the gift of his them; that be was a true friend of constitutional liberty; that his State. And having been honored by it as few men are honored, heart went out to the great mass of American people, and it was he became an exile from it-a wanderer j.n foreign lands, where their interest under the Constitution upon all economic questions 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6125 that he brought all of his great ability to promote and subserve . . and began to work as a salesman in a dry-goods store. Three years His State has lost its greatest champion in the national councils; later he went to Missi'3sippi and engaged in merchandising in bimetallism has lost one of its most faithful advocates in the na- partnership with his brother. After about three years he sold out tion. His loss is felt not only in his State and throughout the his inteFest in the store and was paid in the notes of a Mississippi nation as a great_-advocateof this cause, but is regretted by bimet- bank and returned to Paris with the intention of studying law. allists throughout the world. The Mississippi bank failed, leaving him penniless, and he again I speak especially on this question, because it was in the contests engaged in merchandising, studying law at night until the year upon this subject that I became more intimately acquainted with 1841, when he sold his interest in the business and entered upon him, and was enabled to form a just opinion of the man. the study of the law. Having appliecl himself closely to his studies But his labors were confined to no par ticular subject. There while in business, he very early secured license and entered upon was no great question of legislation affecting the interests of the the practice. He was admitted to the bar at the May term of the people of his State &nd of the nation that he did not give to it his court in 1841. He became at once a successful practitioner, taking earnest attention, and upon all the subjects of the currency, tariff, rank as one of the best lawyers of the State. of Federal and State control, of t he rights and powers of the States He was married in 1843 to :M.iss Martha Travis, of which mar­ as contradistinguished from the powers of the Federal Govern- riage there were born a family of eight children, four of whom ment; in other words, the great dividing line between these juris- survive. In 1847, he was elected to the State senate of Tennessee dictions received his earnest investigation. He was sincerely a , and in 1849 to a seat on this floor. He was reelected in 1851, and strict constructionist as understood and tau~ht by such lead- was again nominated in 1853, but declined the nomination andre­ ers as Jefferson and Calhoun and others of the party to which moved to Memphis that he might find a larger field in which to Senator HARRIS belonged. His discussions of these subjects were practice his profession. He continued in active practice until1857, marked by great ability and zeal. He was a leader naturally. when, as I have stated, he was chosen governor of Tennessee. He He towered above the average man, and by his will power and was the governor of our State from 1857 until the war between ability inspired confidence in those around him as a leader; hence the States closed. He took a very active part in behalf of the he was a leader in the Senate, and to say that he took a leading Southern States during that war, participating in many battles. part in that body is to pay a high tribute to his qualities as a great After the establishment of peace he went to Mexico, where he man. remained about two years, going from there to London, where he Peace to his ashes; honor to his memory. remained until November, 1867. He then returned to Memphis, and again entered upon the practice of law with great success. Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, when Senator IsHAM G. In 1876 the State convention placed him at the head of the elect­ JlAR.Rrs died I felt a sense of personal loss such as I neverrealized oral ticket of hiB party in Tennessee. His selection to this posi­ before in the death of a public man. He was not only my politi­ tion did not meet with universal favor in one section of the State. cal friend, but my intimate personal friend. In his death, there­ He thereupon resigned as elector, but proceeded to make a thorough fore, I was conscious of the fact that while the country had suf­ and extensive canvass of the whole State for his party. By this fered the loss of a valued public servant whose place could not course and conduct he a-dded great popularity to himseif, and at well be filled, that personally I had lost one to whom I had been the close of the canvass announced his candidacy for the United accustomed to look for that counsel and advice which only a true States Senate. When the legislature assembled the following friend can give. I had known him from my boyhood. The first January, he was chosen Senator almost unanimously. He was time I ever saw him I remember well. It was in 1856, when I: a reelected a Senator in 1883, in 1889, and in 1895. mere youth, went to my county town to listen to a joint debate I shall not -attempt to discuss his long career in the Senate of between himself and Ex-Governor Neil S. Brown, of our State. the United States, but it is well known of all men that he adorned They were the electors for the State at large that year, he repre­ the position and met every requirement of the high trust with senting Mr. Buchanan while Governor Brown represented Mr. which he was clothed with earnestness, fidelity, and signal abil­ Fillmore. ity. He was a great debater, a faithfu~ public servant, and a I next saw him the following year, when he was a candidate for courageous soldier. He was the foremost man in Tennessee poli­ governor of Tennessee, and had for his opponent Robert Hatton. tics during his generation. He possessed fine conversational Two years later, as a candidate for reelection to the office of gov­ powers, and was a most entertaining companion. His manner ernor, I witnessed the joint debate between himself and his Whig was sometimes severe and apparently cross, but within him there opponent, John Netherland. He was successful in both these was always sympathy and love for humanity. It has been truly campaigns for governor, and was renominated by his party for said of him that more people are indebted to him for favors ex­ that -office in 1861. During that year as a candidate I heard him tended than to any other man who ever occupied a public office. in joint debate with biB opponent, Willi~m H. Polk, a younger Mr. Speaker, his death was a great national calamity. For more brother of President Polk. Inheriting as I did the political sen­ than fifty years he served his country in the State and national timents and theories of my father, who belonged to the old Whig councils. He held the highest stations the people of his State party, I of course did not agree with Governor HARRIS in the could give him. He ha.d opportunities to accumulate wealth, but opinions he gave expression to and in the arguments he made in died poor. He was scrupulously honest in private life and incor­ those several joint debates which I have mentioned. ruptible in the public service. He had all the courage of the most While I did not agree with him, I was greatly impressed by him courageous, and would have gone to the stake rather than yield as I observed his intense zeal, his fiery eloquence, his earnest ges­ his convictions of right or duty. He was never of those who ture, and at times impassioned flights of oratory. The impressions would follow a multitude to do evil. He was ambitious, but was I derived from his speeches, boy as I was, and fighting against not sordid or venal. He loved the people, but was in no sense a them as I did by reason of the inherited opposition thereto, to which demagogue. I have referred, made lodgment in my mind which was never His character was positive and admitted of no compromise. He eradicated. I shall not undertake to follow the career of this was always frank and sincere. He was either for you or against great man through all his public life in our State. Others have you. He either favored your measure or opposed it. You were done this in their eulogies of him, which will appear along with never in doubt as to whether he favored you and your measure, my own. for 4 guile and deceit were strangers to him. He was the chief He was born in Franklin County, Tenn., February 10, 1817. architect and builder of Tennessee's Democracy, and the place he This county I had the honor to represent upon this floor for eight occupied in their hearts can not be filled. His integrity was never years, though it is not now within my disn·ict. At an early age assailed nor questioned, and no man ever accused him of break­ he removed to Henry County, Tenn., where his parents died and ing a pledge or violating a promise. From early manhood through are buried. Soon after his death many of the people of that a long life and an honorable career, clothed oftentimes with trusts county met in Paris, the county seat, where he had grown to of the highest character, frequently taxed to the utmost of his manhood and practiced law, to pay tribute to his memory. A physical endurance, his course ba-d been steadily and unfalter­ graceful and loving tribute was then and there paid to him by his ingly upward. His candor, his faithfulness, his sagacity, his former neighbors and friends. I take the liberty of using the res­ probity, \vith his integrity, honesty, courage, devotion to duty, olutions they adopted for certain facts in his life and that of his and his successful career entitle his fame to endure and give con­ family, which I set forth below. He was the son of Isham G. spicuous luster to Tennessee. Harris and wife, Lucy Davidson Harris, and was the youngest son of a family of nine children. His oldest brother, George W. Mr. MEYER of Louisiana. Mr. Speaker, Senator IsHAM G. D. Harris, was an able and eloquent minister of the Methodist HARRIS, of Tennessee, whose memory we now meet to commemo­ Episcopal Church. His brother William R. Harris was on the rate, was in every way a remarkable man. supreme bench of Tennessee at the time of his death, which oc­ He was born in Franklin County, Tenn., in 1818. curred on the 19th of June, 1858, from the explosion of a steam­ Sprung from Revolutionary stock, a country-bred boy, he had boat boiler on the Mississippi River. Another brother, James no special advantages of wealth, education, or family influence. Harris, a gallant Confederate soldier, fell at the battle of Shiloh He was the architect of his own fortune. in April, 1862. · · At the early age of 14 years, with only a country-school educa­ Senato1· HARRIS went to Paris, Tenn., at the age of about 14 years, tion, he began the battle of life .

• I 6126 pONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 18,

Leaving his home, he settled at Paris, Tenn., hired himself as a President pro tempore of the body, and very often occupied the merchant's clerk; next entered on business for his own account, chair. H.e en~oyed it, .and the Senators of both parties were glad and meantime studied law at night; then finally graduated, went to have hrm Sit there. They all knew that he was absolutely fair to the bar, and began the practice of law at Paris. His great in­ impartial, and always courteous and conservative. ' dustry and energy, which as a business man made him successful, The knowledge of parliamentary law, and, above all, the ability soon made him preeminent in his chosen profession. to preside, is a rare gift. It is a great, a responsible, trust to be The attractions of the political field in a country where the peo­ the presiding officer of the Sen,ate or the House of Representatives· ple actively control prevailed over the habits and inducements of and one who worthily, ably, and conscientiously fills such a trust legal pursuits. His advancement here was rapid. In 1846 he has rendered a most important service to the body over which he was elected to the State legislature; next behold him the candi­ presides and to the cause of representative government, upon aate for Presidential elector in his Congressional district; then which our public liberties depend. elected and reelected to the Honse; then in 1853 declining reelec­ In private life Senator HARRIS was a simple, natural man. His tion; next, Presidential elector; then in 1857 elected governor of sincerity and frankness were his most striking qualities, but he the State of Tennessee, reelected in 1859, and again in 1861. ~R;S also kindly and genial. He did n?t go Ot!t of his way to con­ Honors such as these, worthily won, might well fill the measure ciliate foes, but he was rarely aggressive, almost always concilia­ of any man's ambition, but these honors were only the prelude tory, and to his friends was true as steel. to a career which for nearly forty years since has made him con­ I have said he was a man of convictions. He was always a spicuous. Democrat. He was true to his party, and never went back orr his He was the great war governor of the State of Tennessee; organ­ flag. He abhorred treachery or duplicity in politics. But while ized 100,000 volunteers for the Confederate service; took his own a strong p~rty man, his political foes felt that he would never full share of the perils of battle; led a regiment into the bloody strike them unfairly. They respected and honored him. They field of Shiloh; stood by Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, the great never doubted his word or questioned his integrity. · Confederate commander, when he received his mortal wound; car­ . After ~ lon~ life, in J?eace and in ~ar filling many trying posi· l'ied him from the field; and served for three years more as aid on tions, this plam man o~ the p~ople, s1m~le, nat.ural, strong, heroic, the staffs of the generals who successfully commanded the Con­ has passed from our midst, With no stam on his record. no page of federate army of Tennessee. his life that his friends would wish to blot; honored arid mourned At the do e of the war he was for years an exile by reason of by his State, and by all who had the good fortune to know him. his distinction and services to his State, which made him a special I count it a high privilege to pay this last tribute of my respect mark for slander and malignity. But when, in 1867, the abate­ to one on whose career I would willingly dwell longer if the work . ment of passion finally permitted the step, he returned to Mem­ had not been so well performed by others. phis, where he again practiced law for ten yeaTs. In 1877 he was elected a Senator of the United States from the Mr. McRAE. Mr. Speaker, the eloquent, affectionate, and in· State of Tennessee, taking his seat March -5, 1877. He was re­ teresting en1ogies to which we have listened make it unnecessary elected in 1883; again in 1889, and finally in 1895, for the term of for me to say more than to testify my personal regard and rever­ six years. On the 8th of July last he passed away, full of years ence for the great statesman and Democratic leader whose mem­ and full of honors. ory we commemorate to-day. He deserves all of the encomiums Such a succession of public honors was not the result of acci­ bestowed upon him here o1· elsewhere. dent, nor of pertinacity in seeking public trusts. More than once In many respects he was one of the most remarkable men that he declined public station for private pursuits. He was a man of this country has ever produced. His life was a success, and yet full convictions, fearless, bold, uncompromising, and took all risks in of struggle and adventw.·e. We first hear of him as an ambitious, times of conflict, strife, disorder, violent prejudice, and strong penniless youth of 14 years, s~ggling against those dread jailers excitement. If, therefore, we find such a constant and unvaried of the human heart, humble birth and poverty. At 21 a success· tide of success, we must study the causes-in the intellectual and ful country merchant; at 25 a good lawyer; at 30 a leader of his moral force of the man. party in the State legislature; at 32 a Representative in Congress, Pursuing this pathway, I find no difficulty in locating the cause and at 40 governor of his State. He served through the late war of his success and popularity. He did not inherit fortune, nor as governor of Tennessee1 and at the same time on the staff of did he ever acquire any large means. He showed grit and deter­ Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston until the death of the general at mination at the very beginning. He had excellent business habits; Shiloh. ' he bad the qualities of action-the executive facn1ty. The success of the Union Army made him an exile from the He had quickness of perception, and, what is far more, quick­ home of his birth and the people he loved. After more than two ness of decision. He had energy, industry, close application, per­ years in Mexico and England, he returned to Memphis broken in sistence, and the ambition to succeed in everything he undertook. fortune and began again the practice of his profession. As soon These qualities told on everything he did. They are largely the ·as the people of his native State were allowed to couttol tb.eir secret of his successes as merchant, lawyer, governor, politician, .elections and vote the Democrats of that State turned to him as and Congressman. Perhaps the most trying time of his life was their leader. In 1877 he was elected to the United States Senate, as governor of Tennessee from 1861 to 1865, and the two or three where he served the State until his death. He lived almost four­ years of exile and straitened means that followed the war. But score years, and held office for nearly fifty years. while adversity might come, he was not the man to lie down and At the end of a career so remarkable and eventfn1 it is proper surrender. His nature was. heroic. He triumphed over adverse that the Congress of which he was a member should temporarily fate. · The personal and moral heroism that bore him to the field of suspend its ordinary labors to pay tribute to his character and Shiloh and through the perils of the war marked his entire career. find, if possible, the great secret of his wonderful success. He was In peace and in war he was a born fighter and a leader of men. witiiont college education and was an entire stranger to the artful He exercised marked influence upon his associates and contem­ practices of the politician, but he possessed a strong, well-balanced poraries. He did not carry Tennessee out of the Union, as some mind and from childhood was not ashamed to work, not afraid to would say, but he led in the movement, and gave it much of its tell the truth, and in everything was direct and honest. strength. In boyhood, in manhood, in private transactions, in public life, The same influence was witnessed in his career in Congress. in military life, in adversity, in prosperity, in his own country. He was not agreatoralearnedlawyer. He had given toomuch or in exile, his personal integrity and superb courage never failed time to other things to fill a r6le that is only filled by those who him. He was true to himself. He was true to every trust reposed , give their whole lives to that arduous, zealous profession of the in him-to his State, his constituents, and to his friends. He was law; but he wa-s a good business lawyer. His success at the bar courteous and candid to his foes. He trusted the people; they can not be otherwise explained. had faith in him. He never betrayed them; they never deserted · 1 He was a clear-headed, logical man, and never neglected what him. He died comparatively poor in purse, but rich in that which he had on hand. As a speaker in the Senate he might not, indeed, above everything else he desired, the love and· confidence of the be eloquent. His style did not smell of the lamp. He did not people of this Republic and particularly those of Tennessee. often speak at length. He did not speak for the sake of display or merely to make a speech; but when he did speak he was forcible, Mr. BENTON. Mr. Speaker, the first nam; of a public man 1 clear, strong, and convincing. He went at once to the turning that lever learned to utter was that of IsHAM G. HARRIS, or, as point of the case. He wasted no words. He struck fairly at the he was familiarly known in our section of Tennessee, GREEN 1 shield of his antagonist. He had the ability, if he pleased, to dis­ HARRIS. I was born I:L constituent of his. He was the first public . cuss profound and difficult economic questions. His speech some man I ever heard on the hustings. I come of a family that did ' years ago upon the silver question was regarded as one of the best not originally lean to Mr. HARRis's views. It was after the de­ of that long and able debate in the Senate. cay of the Whig party began, in 1854, that my f~ther and l_ll:~cles Very soon after he came to the Senate Senator HARRis was (declining to become members of theKnow-Nothmgparty) JOmed placed on very important committees, which he filled up to the fortunes with HARRIS. So that my memories of him began as a time of his death. But while a hard-working, business Senator, political opponent, but early ripened into those of a political I)le gave especial ~ttention to parliamentary law. He was ~de friend and leader•

• 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6127

The most t·emarkable thing to my mind as a child was the fascina­ the fight. He called the legislature to meet in special session. In tion the man had for me. I always attended, when I had permis­ this connection I desire to call attention to his justly celebrated sion, the public speakingsin my own county, and especially asked message to the general assembly of Tennessee. the privilege of hearing Governor HARRIS. His head looked to me At this period, 1\lr. Speaker, far removed as we are from those in those days exceedingly large. He was bald whenyetave1·yyoung troublous times of civil war, when we can speak of the public Jllan. His eyes set deep back in his head and, when animated in questions of that period with calmness and without being offen­ debate, were searching and commanding. He was not what we sive, l may be permitted to call attention to his message to the call an eloquent man, after the manner of Haskell and Haynes general assembly of Tennessee in the spring of 1861. I do not be­ and Henry, yet there was a 'peculiarity about his expressions, a lieve I ever read a state paper on the sovereignty of the States, or directness, as if in a steady charge, that absolutely fascinated me the original doctrine of· '' State rights," as it was understood by as a child, and I can remember well, when I would go home from our school of politics, that was in all of its elements· so strong, a meeting, that I insisted upon explanations being made to me of convincing and conclusive as that message. what was meant by certain of his arguments. · In aid of his irresistible arguments, hi~ energy and his courage I remember, as well as if they were yesterday, his great debates were so intensa that in spite of the fact that Tennessee ha.d vote(\ in the fifties, with Governor Brown, General Hatton, and Colonel in February, 1861, by a majority of 60,000 to remain in the Union, Netherland, his discussions of "squatter sovereignty" and the in less than six months the State ofTerinessee joined her fortunes "Kansas and Nebraska bills," and the attitude which he demanded with the South and became a member of the Confederacy. My Tennessee should maintain (questions of which I as a child could attention was not called to Governor HARRIS's me~sage in a s-erious have no understanding), but I was so interested by the manner way until after the war. I procured a copy of the acts of the gen­ and for~ of the man that I was compelled to inquire the subject eral assembly and have it in my library, and once in a while I of his talk. read it, more because of the strength of the paper than in memory I can remember well when he first became a candidate for gov­ of its subject. And I say to-day that in my opinion it is the most ernor and came into our section of the State. It was a remarkable powerful argument ever made from that standpoint. campaign; pel'haps·not soremarkableasthecampaign just before Governor HARRIS's distinctive characteristics were "honesty it, in 1856, when he defeated Governor Brown for elector at large, of purpose" and " directl:!ess of speech." He was a positive and but from the standpoint of national politics more important and affirmative man. He was quick to decide, and forceful and lucid far-reaching than the great debates between Johnson and Henry in explaining his position. His worst enemy never declared of and Johnson and Gentry. But in our section of the State it was him that there was any doubt about-where he stood upon any more important than either of those campaigns I have mentioned. public question. Public men, as we know, nearly all at some time HARRIS was our idol, our political leader. To our section .of the bend to public opinion and give up _cherished views, but Gov­ State he was neighbor and friend, and we were greatly interested ernor HARRIS fought with the same degree of courage public in the outcome of the campaign. The men with whom he debated opinion, when he thought it was wrong, as when he was leading these questions in 1856 and 1857 and 1859 were men of the finest in the current rullning his w~y. He fought and won with public character and the highest ability and education, and it was a sub­ opinion against him in 1849, 1856, and 1861. And his last great ject of conversation and comment among the educated and ac­ battle was for bimetallism against a strong current. complished Tennesseeans that HARRIS always held his own with He did not study to ascertain the popular side. He only waited the most accomplished and best learned of the public men of his to convince himself of what was right for the people and constitu­ day. tional. Then he spoke and acted. Secession was as unpopular .Ai3 has been before stated, he was what, for the lack of a better in 1860 and early in 1861 in Tennessee as it was in illinois. But definition, we call a "self-made" man. That is to say, he was it did not deter him. He believed that the reserved rights of the without a college education. He had not been trained by .any lit­ States were to be invaded and the Constitution violated, and he erary master. He had a little of what we call academy educa­ acted accordingly. The general belief in his honesty of purpose tion. He commenced life without means and without being well and his force of character, together with his powerful arguments, , equipped in college; but I am told by _his confreres that he was a made Tennessee a part of the-Confederacy. · student of men and events rather than of books, though as a youth There is a potent lesson to young ambition in the life of Sen­ , he read books. I well recollect hearing a conversation in the ator HARRIS. He was honest; honest in thought, honest in speech, cloakroom here last winter, by the only man who e-ver held a suc­ honest in private life. His word to his neighbor was sufficient. cessful tilt with him in politics, Emerson Etheridge, that it was This made him strong with the people. And he believed in the commonly known in Henry County in his boyhood days that every people. Like his great political master, Jefferson, he trusted the book bearing upon public questions which could possibly be bor- people, and they in turn trusted him. I knew Governor HARRIS . rowed or bought HARRIS read; and while he lacked college train­ well in my boyhood days. He was often in my town. I lived in ing, he gave all of his spare time to informing himself on the a stone's throw of his illustrious brother, Rev. George W. D. Har­ great questions of the day. And when he came out into public ris, one of the strongest and most distinguished men in the South­ life, it was a cause of marvel among the prominent men of the ern Methodist Church. State that on all the questions of interest of that day he stood in Force of character and integrity of purpose is and was in the the forefront name. It has been said of the HARRIS name that there was no I believe, Mr. Speaker, that I do no violence to the glory roll of compromise in them. It has been stated often that the dead Sen­ Tennessee when I say that next to General Jackson lsH.A.M G. at<>r was dogmatic. Mr. Speaker, what man of strong mind, great HARRIS was the most potential figure that has ever lived in that force of character, information, and positive convictions but what State. He had atone period of his life bitter and resentful enemies. is more or less dogmatic? And yet with all, this great forceful, A man of his positive character always has; but up against them driving man, when properly 'approached, was as gentle as a he had the most powerful, positive, and affectionate friends of woman. I was not taught to regard Governor HA;&RIS as a jurist any man who has lived in the State of Tennessee since I can re­ of equal merit with his brother, Judge William Rarris, or Judge member. To him, to his force of character, to his indomitable William B. Turley. But he was a very successful practitioner of energy, to his tremendous couTage, to his incisive arguments, the law. His character for honesty, his forceful and positive way more than to any other man, and I may say than to all other men of approaching everything made him a success at the bar. He did of the State, is due the position which Tennessee assumed in 1861. not study rhetorical art, hence did not rank with the orators of In 1860 the Democratic party of the State was divided. He and Tennessee. He did not delve deeply into the philosophy of the Senator Johnson at that time both supported Mr. Breckinridge. law, so as to become a great judge, for, as has been well said by Early in the year 1861 they separated. Governor HARRIS insisted the gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. :MEYER]," the law is an ex­ that the election of Mr. Lincoln would lead to the destruction of ceedingly jealous mistress, and will not permit her votaries to State soverejgnty and cengalization of government. Taking the become great who worship atanyothershrine." Yet, Mr. Speaker, resolutions of 1798 as his text and 1\:lr. Calhoun as his political Governor HARRIS was one of the best lawyers I have ever known guide, he demanded that the State of Tennessee should follow her who was also a successful politician. sister States of the South. In this contention he was met and While he was not a great-orator, he had that character of speech resisted by the most powerful Democrat then living in the State, which is the best eloquence. He persua-ded men to his way of Senator Johnson, afterwards President, who led the Union ele­ thinking by his integrity of intention and his simple but forceful ment in the Democratic p~ty. He was met by that other pow­ expression. He was a successful politician without veiling any erful element, the remnants of the old Whig party, led by Brown- of his opinions. IsHAM G. HARRIS was more than a politician. ' low, of East Tennessee, and M. R. Hill and Emerson Etheridge, He was a statesman. That splendid term as applied to him is de; of West Tennessee, all of them the brainiest and bravest of men. served. He believed that the fathers of the Republic builded the In th~ first contest, in February, 1861, an election was held for Constitution to guard the rights and contribute to·tbe happiness delegates to a constitutional convention, as well as to test the of the people, and so believing he was a ''strict constructionist.:' sense of the people on the question of secession. The advocates of His last struggle was to restore to the people '' bimetallism," their secession were defeated by more than 60,000 majority. But Gov­ constitution~ light. He spoke that which he thought; he acted ernor HARRIS was not dismayed. Under his undaunted leadership his convictions; he thoug:pt not for himself but for his people. those who believed th~t Tennessee should join the South kei!t up Of such are statesmen. History will say that all in all IsHAM 4 6128 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE.

GREEN HARRIS was one of the very strongest men that have ever sure to read from it in our joint discussions." ''What if he d oes?'~ lived in the State of my nativity.. · asked Johnson. "Then,': replied HARRIS, "I would denounce it and, from your and my position in our party, it would be very em~ Mr. RHEA of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, i~ the public life of barra.ssingtonotonlyourselves, but to our party. In that speech, this country, no man has more fully and honorably left the im­ Johnson, you ad vocate a new basis of representation in Congress and pri:I:!t of his character and great ability than IsHAM G. HARRIS. the electoral college, eliminating the three-fifths of.. the slave pop­ For half a century and more he stood in the fierce light of the pub­ ulation now represented, and you advocate changes in the Federal lic gaze, and the universal judgment of his fellow-citizens vindi­ Constitution by which the President, Vice-President, United States cates the integrity of his actions and bears testimony to his Senators, and the entire Federal judiciary shall be elected by a honesty and manhood. In all the affairs of life, in all its walks, direct vote of the people, and the judiciary for a limited period. as the private citizen, as the public servant, his qualities of heart Not one of your propositions can be found in any platform of the and mind have vindicated the purity of his motives and the Democratic party, State or national. I am opposed to all of them. high purposes that ever impelled his intercotuse with his fellow­ They are not Democracy; they are. only Andy Johnsonisms, and men. you can not force them on me as a keynote for my campaign. ' With that great State, Tennessee, that so long recognized and ;For t~e firs~ time Mr: Johnson encountered within ills party a valued his worth, and which he so long honored as State official Will as 1mperwus as h1s own. He was ardently desirous of the and in the larger sphere of Federal public service, his name is election of a legislature which would make him Senator ancl as in eparab1y linked. And whether in the discharge of his duties the Whigs ?ad elected the three previous legislatures he f~lt com­ as a State official or the broader arena of Federal legislation, a pelled to yield to the younger leader to prevent division in his wisdom and fidelity not surpassed and rarely equaled have party, and he failed to deliver the speech he had prepared. But marked his public career. A singleness of purpose, guided by the there was never any cordial feeling after this between the two best interests of all the people, as he could understand and know leaders. Had not Johnson been accustomed to the unquestioning them, was the rule of his life. obedience of the politicians of his party he would not have made For a brief time, laying aside the duties of civil station to enter the mistake of trying to put his collar over the neck of his younger into the more stirring scenes and activities of warfare, the same confrere. · He would have remembered that HARRis was almost high resolves and purposes, the same fidelity to duty as he saw it, the only Democrat of influence in Tennessee who had dared oppose guided his feet. He saw his people divided-the North against Mr. Clay's compromise measures of 1850 in the face of the over­ South. He cast his fortunes with the people of that sun-kissed whelming sentiment of the people of that State in favor of their land that gave him birth and whose rights, as he believed, were adoption. a-ssailed. When this darkest page in our country's history was In 1859_ and ~861 he was reelected governor of his State, which c.losed, when the cause for which he fought was lost, when the office he held till the close of the late war, and from the inauO'u­ starry banner of the Union floated o-qce more over a reunited coun­ ration of the rebellion of 1861 until his death his supremacy ;as try, the roar of cannon, the rattle of musketry, the gleaUJ. of sabers as absolute in his party in Tennessee as wa ever that of And.l·ew had ceased, this man, accepting the issues as settled, in good faith Jackson and Andrew Johnson, and lasted longer than that of did what he could to heal the breaches made by war and to set in either. Johnson's began with his election as governor in 1853 and motion again the forces of civil government for the upbuilding of terminated in 1861, when he patriotically refused to follow his our common country. Broad gauged, liberal minded, he still ad­ party and State into rebellion. True, he was elected to the Sen­ mirecl the beauty of the Southern Cross, but its effulgence did not ate in 1875 by a majority of only 1 vote, but a majority of his in his eyes dim the brilliancy of the Northern star. Reaching a party voted against him because he had opposed it on the war ripe old age, the sands of life run out. He slept. How well he questi?n, and ~ecause of this ground of opposition the Repub­ met the obligations of life, with what fidelity and integrity he dis­ licans m the legislature voted for and elected him. The supremacy charged them, the judgment of the present is known, the history of Andrew Jackson in Tennessee politics began in 1815, with his of the future will record- superb victory at New Orleans, and terminated in 1836, when the people of the State became weary of worthless "wild-cat" local In his honor impregnable, In his simplicity sublime; bank money and free trade. Johnson's domination in his party No cause ever had a nobler defender, was for a period of eight, Jackson's twenty-one, and HARRIS's No principle a purer victim. thirty-six years and until his death. Of the large number of able men in the executive chairs of the Mr. BROWNLOW. Mr. Speaker, one who, at the assembling States, North and South, with the inauguration of war in 1861, of this Congress in extra session, had, in the coordinate House of no one of them was possessed of more determination than the gov­ Congress, by more than twenty years' service become a familiar ernorof Tennessee, or of as much executive ability, except the great presence, a potent influence, came not again on our reassembling. and lamented war governor of Indiana, Oliver P. Morton. It was We are paying the last tribute of respect to one who served longer t.he ~xpression of the London Tim~s that the most -plausible iusti­ in the Senate of the United States than has any citizen of my State, ficatwn of the reasons for the actiOn of the seceding States was and whose name will be forever prominently associated with her made by Governor HARRIS in his messages to the legislature of history. Tennessee in 1861. Unsound and sophistical as I regard his rea­ lsHAJtl GREEN HARRIS played a leading and bold part in every soning to have been, it is a fact that in the labor demanded of prominent national measure for the past forty-seven years. He him as the governor of a State reluctant to secede, and divided was a very remarkable man and of a family remarkable for intel­ in sentiment as Tennessee was, he showed such herculean energy lect, one of his brothers having been distinguished as a judge of as to entitle him to a position among the first of the forceful men Tennessee's highest court and another as a strong, forceful clergy­ of that era of forceful men. What Governor Morton was to his man of the Methodist Church. With educational a{}vantages State and the Federal Government, that was Governor HARRIS to scarcely worthy of the name, he possessed a felicity, fluency, and Tennessee and the ill-fated Confederacy. vigor of speech possessed by few collegians. His will power was At no time did he shrink from any responsibility, however per­ phenomenal. ilous; any labor, however arduous. Although prior to the elec­ Whether as an advocate before a jury, as a Representative in tion of Mr. Lincoln he was recognized in Tennessee as the ablest this body during the stormy period of 1850, as governor of Ten­ man of his party except Andrew Johnson, yet it was as·governor nessee organizing and planning for the secession of that old Whig, of that State he became a national figure. The rapidity with antisecession State from our Federal Union, organizing and equip­ which he organized 120,000men for the Confederate army, despite ping an army, conducting a political campaign in his own State, the fact that 40,000 Tennesseans enlisted in the Union Army, or organizing for the free-silver campaign of 1896, he threw him­ stamps him as a man of extraordinary executive ability. In an self into all his undertakings with that determination and utter account of the battle of Shiloh, by Col. William Preston JohnstQn, disregard of obstacles which are usually guaranties of success. son of Albert Sidney, in the Century Magazine for February, 1885, From his entrance into public life when a very young man he the writer says his father's army '' was weakened by the necessity wa.s the acknowledged leader of his party in western Tennessee. of keeping thousands of troops in East 'rennessee to overawe the When Andrew Johnson had nearly completed a second term as Union population of that section, so as to guard the only Hne of governor of Tennessee in 1857, the Democratic party with one voice railroad communication between Virginia and Tennessee." turned to HARRIS as their most capable leader, and nominated He says further, "This hostile section penetrated the heart of him for governor; and on the threshold of the successful canvass the Confederacy like a wedge and flanked and weakened General , he then made an incident occurred illustrative of his character. Johnston's line of defense, requiring as it did constant vigilance Mr. Johnson had prepared a speech which he intended deliver­ and repression." And he aQ.ds that, of all the executives in the ing and circulating in pamphlet form. HARRIS was asked by him vast territory, "an empire in extent," constituting the depart­ to hear this speech read, with the remark that "he intended it as ment of Albert Sidney Johnston, " the only governor who fur- · the keynote to the approaching campaign," After Johnson had nished his State's quota of troops was Governor HARRIS, of Tennes­ read his speech to HARRIS, the latter said: "I should regret to have see." These words are in reply to the criticisms of General John­ yon deliver that speech as a ' keynote to this campaign.''' ''Why?" ston by Southern newspapers for the loss of Forts Henry and Don­ asked Johnson. "Becanse,"said I!A.RRIS," my competitor will be elson and the retreat of the Confederate army from Bowling 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6129

Green and Nashville, and were ip.tended as a vindication of that for the State $368,433.85. How much of the remainder, $249,816.15, distinguished officer, but it will be seen that they are at tb.e same has been recovered, I can not say, as there has not been a final time a high tribute to the executive ability of Governor HARRIS termination of some litigation growing out of the matter. The and to the unflinching loyalty and heroism of the Union patriots treasurer, when detected in his violation of law in sending these of East Tennessee, with whom the Governor had to contend. bonds away from the capital, was the president of a Johnson po- Nor were Senator HARRIS's activities confined to recruiting a litical club in opposition to the reconstruction policy of Congress. large army. During nearly the entire war he ser~ed as an aid He ~as not a Republican or ex-Confe~erate.. He had been an offi­ on the staffs of -the various commanders of the leadmg Confeder- cer m the Federal Army, and owed his election as treasurer to the ate army of the Southwest, periling his life for a cause he deemed influence of his personal and political friend, President Andrew just-a feature of his character wherein ~e.~ered fro~ _nearly f-"J~hnson .. When his offense .~a.s made public the_ treasurer com­ all the political leaders who aided in preCipitatmg: the ?IVIl war, mitted sme1de. The probabilities are he had not rntended to_be­ for hist.ory records that these gentle~en almost mvanably pre- come a defaultei:. He ~bought to speculate on State funds Wlth- ferred bombproof positions to ~he perils _of the battlefield. Had out the State losmg by It. . he chosen arms for his professiOn he might have made a great When the war ended, Senator HARRIS left the Umted States, general, and rivaled the fame of that distinguished soldier, Gen. going first to Mexico and then to England. In 1866 he returned Joseph E. Johnston, on whose staff he served. Whatever Generals to Tennessee. Had. he !lot "!>een _an honest rna~, he could have N. B. Forrest William B. Bate, B. F. Cheatham, John C. Brown, taken as much of thiS com Wlth hrm as he and his servants could and others did for the military fame of Tennessee and for their have carried in his overland trip through Texas to the City of mistaken cause is largely to be shared by their coadjutor, the chief Mexico. magistrate of Tennessee. And to the a:bitrary and herculean Total!y differing from him ~n ~he_ leading questions of c?I'rency labors of Governor HARRIS to force the highlanders of East Ten- and tariff, and above all on the lllJUl~ous consequences of his teach­ nessee into a service abhorrent to their consciences is largely to ings in favor of secession, I do not think that the final influence be attributed the most heroic and sublime manifestation of phys- of his energies! talents, and courage upon the public mind of his ical and moral com·age and patriotism recorded in the annals of State and country will be beneficial. But nevertheless there was American history. . . ~uch in him to admire. His ~r~ctnes~ of purpo~e, his cou_rage, · But when this ''man of blood and Iron" attempted the coercwn his scorn and cont€mpt for political trnnmers, his generosity to of the descendants of the heroes of Kings Mountain and New the poor (for his purse was ever open to them), his industry, his Orleans he encountered a people whose courage and determina- iron will-these were excellent qualities, and to them he largely tion were equal to his own, and who, so far from yielding to his owed the great popularity he had with the people of Tennessee imperious will, bac~ed up as it was with regiments aD;d bri_ga.des, and his success in public life: . . turnished to the Umon Army a larger number of soldiers, m pro- But there were some questions on which we had kindred sym­ portion to popu~ation, than any section of the United States; and pathies. For the oppressed people of Ireland, for the struggling I take pride in stating that I represent a district whose quota to patriots of Cuba, for the vindication of the rights of American the Federal Army of white soldiers exceeded !hat of any dh;trict citizens in forei~ lands, ~e had ~trongly _p~onounced opinions. in the Union. And these loyal heroes and their leaders, Generals And our sympathies were kmdred m oppositiOn to that greatest Samuel P. Carter, Joseph A. Cooper, Alvan C. Gillem, James P. of modern humbugs, miscalled" civil-service reform." Senator · Bro"\\"'D.low, and others did as much for the military fame of Ten- HARRIS wa.s too manly to pretend to favor the law while secretly nessee as did the heroes and their leaders of the opposing side; and end·eavoring to have it violated, but he was openly opposed to this after Tennessee's vast mineral and other resources shall have been un-Democratic, anti-Republican system of life tenure in office­ developed under free labor, the verdict of impartial history will holding. He was as much in favor of honesty and efficiency in be that they loved their State as well and served it better. Thus the public service as the pretentious people who shout loudest for from the crosses of war came the heroes who have shed imperish- reform. He knew that- able fame on Tennessee. "Wine issues from the trodden grape; A man may cry Church I Church! at ev'ry word iron is blistered into steel." With no more piety than other people- With the downfall of the ill-fated Confedera-cy, for whose suc­ A daw 's not reckoned a religious bird cess he had performed such herculean labors, Governor HARRIS Because it keeps a-cawing from a steeple. retired from participation in public life until in October, 1869, We live too near the great war in which he was so potent a when he came to Nashville to aid in the defeat for the United factor and the party strife growing out of it to expect that all States Senate of his old rival and enemy, Andrew Johnson. With should do justice to his good qualities of head and heart. He was the termination of the war an incident occurred illustrative of as little influenced by a personally revengeful feeling as any man Senator HARRIS's personal integrity in connection with the public of positive opinions I ever knew. He could hate what he believed funds of the State, and I give the facts somewhat in detail because to be political heresy and yet cherish kindly personal feelings they have been distorteO. and misrepresented by certain of his po­ toward those whom he knew held such views. In this respect he litical and personal opponents and in turn by those who would do was more liberal in spirit than many of the leaders of his party or injustice to Republicans. of his provincial supporters in the lowlands of middle and western The school fund of Tennessee in 1862 amounted to $2,679,018.33, Tennessee. all deposited in and constituting a part of the assets of the Bank Senator HARRIS was not a man of education or culture as these of Tennessee. In 1862 the Confederate legislature of the State di­ terms are usually understood, nor was he an orator according to rected that this fund should be inyested in Confederate bonds, and the generally accepted definition of that term. He was what it was so invested. That was an end of the Tennessee antebellum neither education nor culture nor oratory can make-he was a school fund, as at the close of the war the Confederate bonds wero tireless and fearless worker. He was not a scholar as implying without T"alue. In these assets, before they were removed south knowledge of books, but in a larger sense he was not untaught. on the approach of Buell's army to Nashville, was $720,380.94 in He had a marvelous knowledge of men and how to control them. coin. The fact that the reports of the bank on January 1, 1862, His speeches were terse, vigorous, full of enthusiasm. They were showed this sum in coin among the a~sets is probably the basis practical, dealing in facts, never above the comprehension of the of the unintentionally untruthful statement that has been often popular assemblies he addressed, and calculated to produce the published that $700,000 of the assets were turned overJ,o the State effect which is both the purpose and result of true oratory-that authorities in 1865 and wasted. But the truth is the coin. so of challenging attention and producing conviction. turned over amounted to only $446,719.70. Part of the original In breadth of intellect I do not think he was equal to Jackson, sum was paid in salaries of State officers, part of it loaned before White, Grundy, Bell, or Johnson, who preceded him in the Sen­ its return toNashville, as the receipts in the boxes showed. These ate, but as a party organizer and leader he surpassed them all. receipts and memoranda accounted for the difference between the As an organizer of campaigns he never had an equal in Tennessee $72 0,~ 80.94 in coin, as shown by the report of January 1,1862, and and often during the past ten years his party would have bee~ $446,719.70, the amount returned to Nashville and turned over to badly beaten under the leadership of any other man. Tennessee the State authorities in 1865, less the necessary expenses incident has furnished more names that stand high on the national role of to their return to Nashville. honor than any State save Virginia and Massachusetts. Not to By act of the legislature of January 9, 1865, the governor, secre­ mention Tennesseans who, like Claiborne, of Louisiana; Sharkey, tary of state, and comptroller were directed to invest the coin so Yerger, and Cocke, of Mississippi; Gwin, of California; Tipton, retm:ned, the 8446,719.70, for the benefit of the school fund. In of Indiana; Sevier, of Arkansas; Benton and Barton, of Missouri; obedience to that act 7-30 United States bonds were bought, and Henry Watterson, of Kentucky; Houston, of Texas, and Commo­ the premium on gold being large at that time, the bonds purchased dore M. F. Maury, who attained influence and celebrity, either amounted to 8618,250. These bonds were in the custody of the local or national, in other States, Tennessee has given to the Na­ State treasurer, R. L. Stanford. In violation of the law, which tional Government a number of Presidents and Cabinet officers required that they be kept at Nashville, he deposited them in a entirely out of proportion to its wealth and population. Memphis national bank which subsequently failed. When the We have furnished one Secretary of the Treasury, two Secreta­ action of the treasurer became known, the governor, by authority ries of War, one Attorney-General, and four Postmasters-General. of the legislature, sent a committee to Memphis which recovered To this House Tennessee has furnished two Speakers and to the XXXI-384 6130 C.ONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 18,

Senate two presiding officers, one of whom was IsHAM G. HARRIS. HARRIS by those so much more able and better fitted to do justice Besides having had three Presidents, Tennessee has had two un­ to his fame and memory, I feel great delicacy in attempting to successful candidates for the Presidency, each of whom received speak here to-day, for fear that I may rather detract than add to the electoral votes of several States. We have had two associate the interest of the occasion. justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. In addition Senator BARrus's early years wert} spent in the beautiful and to this Tennessee has furnished many representatives to the diplo­ intellectual little city of Paris. the county seat of Henry County, matic service. But of this brilliant galaxy few were equal in noted then, as at present, for its public men of national reputation. force of character and ability to the late Senator HARRIS. His Such a home and surroundings were well calculated to develop political convictions in the most important period of his life were the talents of the young and ambitious HARRIS. While his home on trial in the midst of remorseless war, when thousands of his was at Paris he was twice elected to represent that district on • friends were going down before the iron tempest of battle. He this floor. His beloved wife died there only a short while before should be judged by the times in. which he lived. That he pos­ the death of her illustrious husband. sessed many manly qualities none can deny. On account of the long and intimate association of Senator "Let us pass him· to the grave as we would have others pass HARRIS with the peopleoftheEighthdistrictof Tennessee, I should ourselves, forgetting the frailties incident to our nature and which feel that I had not discharged my full duty if I did not at this appear to be inseparably connected with our be~g." time and on this occasion give some expression of the esteem in which he was held by his old friends .and associates. Mr. CLARKEofNewHampshire. Mr. Speaker,! did not know Senator HARRIS was in public life almost continuously for over that arrangements had been made to-day to pay tribute to the fifty years, and in all that time never suffered even a temporary memory of the distinguished statesman who most ably and hon­ defeat, while at times he had to and did overcome an adverse orably and for so long a time represented the great ~tate of Ten­ party and political majority. Of how few of our succeBsiul -pub­ nessee in various high offices, or I should have prepared a suitable lic men can the same be said? While courteous and affable, he eulogy to his great fame and memory. But I can not, sir, allow was not that character of man known as a good electioneerer, a the opportunity to pass without at least paying a word of tribute good hand shaker. He was rather blunt and plain in his manner to the name and fame of Senator HARRIS. It was not my good and address, but always sincere and candid. He was a man of fortune to know him closely as a companion or as a friend; but great moral and physical courage. He was not a political diplo­ I thought I knew him as an able Senator and statesman, as a mat. He never sought to accomplish his purposes by scheming or rugged, sturdy, honest man; and yet, as a member of the funeral machine methods. He spurned an attempt at indirection. party which accompanied the remains of the distinguished Sena­ It was never charged against him that he belonged to any polit­ tor to his late home at Memphis, when I approached the confines ical png or that he was in any sense a party boss. His was a most of the State which he had so honorably represented I soon learned positive character, bordering on the dogmatic. He had enemies, my mistake-I then ascertained that I had but partially and im­ as all such men havel !>ut he was never revengeful. He never perfectly estimated the man. sought to popularize nis views by other means than clear and When we reached the Stat.e of Tennessee, I found that his friends forcible arguments, tersely stated. He used no circumlocution, no were legion and that they had all abandoned both business and confusing platitudes. When he stated a proposition, no one, how- · pleasure and were present to pay their sad tribute to his fame, to ever simple or untutored, could possibly misunderstand him. ' his memory, and to his greatness. I remember the large con­ While there is perhaps no single great legislative enactment course of people that met us at the capital o.f the State and the bearing his name, there was no man in the Senate during the last distinguished honor that all seemed anxious to pay to the states­ twenty years who had or exerted a greater influence in the national man's memory. Rich and poor, high and low, everybody, seemed legislation of that period than Senator HARRIS. There was no to be the friends of Senator IlA.Rrus. They knew his work, they man in the Senate of the United States duringbis long period of knew the great and valuable services that he had performed for service whose word was more implicitly relied on. No one ever them in his representative capacity in many ways, and they were questioned his sincerity or honesty. It is useless to give details there to add their last tribute to the great man who had been or circniDBtances to justify this statement, as no enemy, personal , called beyond the borders that no eye can pierce. And when we or political, ever questioned his honor or integrity. reached his home, there was an impression made upon me that I While Senator HARRIS was twice a member of this body, three shall never forget. I remember ~t distinguis~ed g~nt~emen, rep­ times governor of Tennessee, and twenty years a Senator, all the resenting all departments of busmess, all vocations m life, all pro­ details of his public career have been so fully stated by others fessions, turned out as one man to meet the funeral party and to who have gone before me that it is unnecessary that I should shed a tear at the loss of their neighbor and their friend. I re­ make fm·ther mention of them at this time. I suppose that if all member, Mr. Speaker, as we entered that great church and took his acts of usefulness during his long and eventful public life our places within the chancel the words of his pastor and that were stated in detail it would require volumes to contain them. beautiful service of song, the words of which ring in my ear.s even Senator HARRis was endowed with a most remarkable memory. to-day: I will ask the indulgence of the House to relate an incident that Lay him low, lay hiln low; Under the clover~r under the snow, goes to show how great a memory he possessed. In the campaign What cares he? lie can not know. of 1876 Governor HARRIS and Gen. WILLIAM B. BATE, now the Lay him low, lay him low. honored senior Senator from Tennessee, were to deliver addresses Mr. Speaker, we did lay him low; we accompanied his remains at an old-fashioned Democratic rally and barbecue held in L.inden, to that beautiful field of the dead, and I remember as the sun Tenn., then and now my home. went down beyond those great shade trees that he h;ad helped ~et I was selected; together with Dr. S. A. McDonald, to go to out and amid the scenes he loved so well, that we did not lay him Waynesboro, the county seat of Wayne County, 30 miles distant, int~ a cold, damp, stuffy grave, but rather in a repository that and pilot Governor HA..RRIS through the country to Linden. Dr. was literally smothered with flowers, brou~ht there by people of McDonald and I were on horseback, while Governor HARRIS and all ages, all distinctions, all colors; and I sa1d to myself, "Surely, his son were in a buggy. About halfway between Waynesboro Senator HARRIS, it is blessed to die under such circumstances as and Linden, while riding some 200 yards in advance of the buggy, this when all your neighbors and friends have come here, with we saw a covey of birds by the side of-the road. one 'accord, to pay their sad tribute to youl' memory, and are say­ Dr. McDonald alighted and picked up a stone, threw it into the ing, 'Well done, thou good and faithful servant; enter thou into covey, and~ed two of the birds. We waited until his buggy the joy of thy Lord.'" came up and gave the birds to Governor IIA..RRIS. We went on to within8miles of Linden, andstopped over at the home of Dr. Mc­ Mr. SIMS. Mr. Speaker, the first public men that I have any Donald for lunch and to feed and rest the horse the Governor was recollection of hearing mentioned were Governor IsHAM G. HAR­ driving. The birds were at once dressed and cooked, and Gov­ RIS, President Buchanan, Abraham Lincoln, and Jefferson Davis. ernor HARRIS ate them. Twenty years after this date, at the time I was only 8 years old, but remember distinctly hearing my father Senator liARRis was elected to the Senate for the fourth consecu­ speak in the highest terms of Governor HARRIS, although my tive term, I was in Nashville and, with Gen. M. H. Meeks: called father was an intense Whig. on Senat.or HARRIS at his hotel to pay our respects and to congratu­ I went out to Camp Alger a few da.ys ago, and it reminded me late him on his election without opposition. of the first gathering of volunteer soldiers that I ever saw, thirty­ I had not met him since that trip from Waynesboro to Linden. seven years ago, assembled at the call of Governor IsHAM G. H.A..R­ At the time I piloted him through tha country as above stated I RIS, of Tennessee. When those volunteers of 1861, those that were was very thin in flesh, but at the time I met him at his hotel I had left of them, returned to their desolate and ruined homes in the become stout. When I presented myself, the Senator took me by spring of 1865, my childish heart prayed that the day might never the hand and looked me steadily in the face, as was his custom. come again in the history of tbis country when there would be ·a I said to him that I was the young man "who, twenty years be­ call for volunteers to go forth to fight other volunteers of our own fore, had piloted him from Waynesboro to Linden," and asked blood and brotherhood; and, thank God, so far that prayer has him if he remembered me. He replied, "Oh, yes, I do; and I re· been answered. member those birds that Dr. McDonald killed and that I ate for After so much has been said of the life and character of Senator my dinner that day." · 1898. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. 6131

The incident had long passed out of my mind, but the Senator contact with poverty and early experience of privation. We often remembered it quite well. He then gave everyincident and detail look upon the careers of our great men in retrospect and say to of his visit to Linden, and what occurred after he arrived, and ourselves that they would have been much greater, that their the names of old friends he met while there, and related all that achievements would harve been more marked and their success took place on the day of the barbecue, with much more circum- more sjgnal, if they had started in life with better advantages; if stantial detail than I could have possibly done. their early opportunities had been superior to what they were; if Only a short time before his death I heard him go over the de- family intluence had given them aid which they were denied. tails of court trials in which he had been engaged that had taken I believe, however, that such an idea involves a superficial and place more than fifty years before, giving all the minute particn- incorrect view of the possibilities of life in this country and of the lara as though they had occurred only the day before. achievements of our great men. In a country like this, where th~ For many years before he died he was regarded by the whole people do their own governing-where the people are the great people of Tennessee with the warmest feelings of affection. He power, the source of all power, and where those who fairly at­ was lovingly called "the old Senator." When "the old Senator" tain high position and honestly retain it long must be intrenched made a promise, no one ever entertained the slightest doubt but in the confidence and support of the people-it seems to me noth­ that he would most faithfully keep it. ing so well fits a man for an illustrious career, nothing so securely No public man has passed from this life within the last fifty binds him to the interests of the great ma.sses of the people, as the years who was so universally mourned throughout the State of hard b~t valuable experiences in youth of a life of penury, of toil, Tennessee as was Senator .H.A.RRIS. Expressions of heartfelt and of sacrifice. sincere grief knewno party lines. At an inf01·mal meeting which This country can attain its high destiny-the people of this took placeattheEbbittHouse, in this city, on the night after his country can be measurably prosperous and happy-only when death, was gathered eveTy Tennessean in the national capital to those who administer the laws, those who are ·clothed with great give fitting expression as to the great loss our beloved State had power, capable of great things good or bad, are true to the inter­ sustained in his death. ests of the masses. Steadfast fidelity to the public interests gen- In that meeting were men of all shades of political opinion~ In erally can be found in large measure only with those who partake that meeting were men gathered together from the highest to the of the feelings and sentiments and experiences-who enter exper· lowest walks of life. The gray-haired statesman of wide national imentally into the lives-of the great body of the people. Those l'eputationsatbesidethehumblestDepartmentemployee,alldrawn who have been orought up in affluence, those whose early oppm·· together by a common sorrow; all grieving over the loss of a loved tunities were great, those who have had the pathway of life made and cherished friend. No one could tell who was Republican or smooth and easy for them from beginning to end-they can not, Democrat in that assembly, but anyone could easily see that all from the very nature of things, enter into the lives, appreciate the were sincere mourners. Snch distinguished Re-publicans as Hon. motives, understand thB difficulties, estimate properly the rights A. H. Petti'bone, Hon. W. P. BRowNLow, Gen. George H. Maney, and the duties of that stern, that noble citizenship which belongs and many others were present and took conspicuous part in the to the common people of our great Republic. proceedings, all evincing a genuine and unaffected sorrow. With very few ex-ceptions-there are some notable ones-the men No man that ever lived had truer friends than 8enatoT HARRIS, who have made illustrious the history of this country, who have and no man ever lived who was more faithful and devoted to his been benefactors of human kind in their age and generation, who friends than was Senator HARRIS. laid the foundations of this Republic and bnilded the nation, who Though dead, yet does he live. His life and teachings are to- sustained it in times · of trial and who will sustain it in all the day exe1·ting a great and lasting beneficial influ-ence over the years to come they have been and are those who came from the minds of our young people. He has left us an example that we plain level of the people-the men with the experiences which ru:e will do well to imitate. His life and a-ccomplishments are a hope comm-on to the masses, and therefore with the sympathies which and a comfort to those worthy and ambitious youths of our land must reside in those who represent properly, and who only can who are hampered. and cramped by poverty. thus represent, the great body of American citizenship. He was in the most literal sense a self-made man. Beginning This man was peculiarly stron~ in that respect. His early life without money or influential friends at the tender age of 14 struggles with poverty, his early privations, his early triumphs years, by his own unaided efforts he w<>n the highest positions · over difficulties which assail so many in a country like ours, within the gift of the people. He is a conspicuous example of mat· ked him and fitted him. for the great career which he rounded what can be accomplished in this goodly land of ours by until·- grandly. Without high ability, without superb courage., without ing effort and perseverance. His life will be a beacon light to unshaken honesty, without fidelity to friend and candor in deal­ worthy thousands who are now struggling against the cold and ing with the foe, he never could have been as great as he was: chllly waves of ad-versity and poverty. - and p~ps he never could hav:e developed in high degree any t>f Mr. Speaker, Senator HA.ruus did not live in vain, and he has the great~ the inestimable, the noble qualiti-es which he exhibited not died in vain. Full of years and honors, he sleeps the sleep of if he had not had that stern, hard disciplin~ in youth and early the jus.t. · manhood in which such qualities are developed if the germ of [Mr. SWANSON addressed the House. See Appendix.] them exist at alL ~ut a few years ago, Mr. Speaker, when the great party to Mr. DE ARMOND. Mr. Speaker, I do not know that the deaths which the departed Senator belonged was considering, away back in the present Congress have been more numerous than the average in the school districts, in the small ·conventions and the chance in preceding Congresses; but it has seemed to me that the stricken assemblages of the masses of its people, questions of vital party ones were unusually prominent. Out of this House went that man and national importance; when a great question was brought np of long service and great usefulness, William Steele Holman. within the lines of the Democracy to which he was devoted as to ' From the Senate were taken Senator Earle, of South Carolina (a whether the few or the many should control within the party; as new man in the body, but eminent in his State), two great Sena­ to what should be declared as the party creed; as td who should tors from the State of Mississippi, and the great veteran Senator be in command and who, for the good of the party, should be re. 1 from the State of Tennessee. lh these notable deaths our atten­ tired-I _recollect that ~en h~ was one of four great Senators, tion has been directed pointedly to the fact that a number of great m~n o~ mfiuence and m1ght m the party, men of influence and men of the olde1· period, of the generation to which but few now rm.ght m the country, wbo were instrumental in assembling in living belong, have passed from us lately; and scarce]y can we an unofficial way, in his well-loved city of Memphis, a large ntim­ hope that the present and the oncoming generation will be equal ber o~ repr~entati-ves of the party, . to consider, quietly and as to the task of filling as well as they filled the places which they Amencan c1tizens, what ought to be done, what the needs of the · vacated. · _ party and. the country were in the crisis through which we then It is not much that I can add to what has been said in sketching were passmg. the career and outlining the salient points of the character of the dis­ To Senator HARRIS, Senator George, Senator TURPIE, and Sen- 1 tinguishedSenatorfrom Tennessee .• Ithasbeensaid very truthfully a tor J OXES of Arkansas-they are the four whom I remember i thathewasoneoftheforemostmenofhisdayandgeneration-gifted pa!ticularly ~d preeminently-from the standpoint of those who with great ability, a man of superb courage, honest and direct think as I think and who try to act as I try to act with regard to in all his methods. Through a Ion~ period in the service of his these great pnb¥c questions,. a. world of gratitude is due. Then State and his country, his triumphs have been such as but few there took form m the great party, of which Senator HARRIS was men reach and scarcely any can rival. an exemplar and a leader, that which was in the minds of the · At first blush it might seem to us that, starting as he started, masses. The movement then inaugurated and put fairly upon its poor and obscure, is a disadvantage in the great race of life. To feet gathered streJ?,gth and force until a year later the efforts of the comparatively weak, the timid and the fearful especially, pov­ those who thought as he thought were crowned with success, and erty and the lack of influential family do indeed amount to great the representa?-ves of the party, meeting in national. convention, hindrances-hindrances that often make miscarriage and ship­ declared at Ch1cago what the true party creed was and is; what wreck of all the voyage of life. But, however it may be in othgr the true party creed should be. ~tpltries, it is true, I think, in thia, that a. consid~rable portion 1 Very much indeed did this dead Senator add to the reputation of the men really strong by nature are made stronger by early of the State~ already great, which h~ honored and which honored 6132 CONGRESSIONAL REOO:RD- HOUSE. JUNE 18, him. High, no doubt, will he rank in all time to come among the assembled to pay tribute to his memory, Col. John J. Vertrees, of great men of that great State. High• will he rank, as long as Nashville, presented resolutions, which I ask to have printed here, ­ the annals of Congress are read or known, among the great men together with the remarks he made, and I offer them in lieu of of this nation. He possessed in marked degree qualities which it further remarks myself. They pay masterful tribute to the mem· has sometimes seemed to me are not too common, not too gener­ ory and deeds of a greab man, and I ask that they be printed here ally found in public men. He was thoroughly devoted to any cause that they may be perpetuated in the forum he so long honored. in which he was enlisted. He was thoroughly open and direct in The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Mc.M:ILLI~). If there is no his methods, and his position, once taken, was held with Spartan objection, that order will be made. tenacity. He may haYe seemed impetuous in advocacy, as has There was no objection. been remarked here this afternoon; he may have seemed impetu­ ous in action, but it was the impetuosity of courage and conviction. APPENDIX. The subject considered, the conclusion reached, the die cast, he Menwrial and resolutions adopted at Nashville, Tenn., July 1ft, 1897, wtde1· the di1·ecti01t of cormnitteesf1'0nt each grand division of the State,p1·esented by may have appeared impetuous in execution. Nothing remained .Mr. J. J. Vert?-ees, of Nashville, for citizens of the State. but to make known the decision and to act upon the lines deliber­ Great men are jewels of the Republic. In peace we proudly boast of their ately chosen. In action there is no time for consideration of characters and their achievements. In the hour of danger we arouse to a-e· whether there should be action. When the charge is sounded tion by their names and heroic deeds. It is therefore the duty of those liv· ~gin a republic to pass down to posterity _with truthful and fitting tt-stimo­ there is no time for considering whether it sho'uld haye been ruals the name of every really capable, honest, courageous public man. sounded. Senator HARRIS distinctively recogniZed this, as every Senator IsHAM GREEN HARRIS was such a man. On the 8th day of this great man in history has recognized it, and acted upon it. Care­ July, in the eightieth year of his age, he passed away. In 1847 he was elected State senator and introduced into public life_ In1897 ful and cautious in reaching his conclusions, thorough in his he died a United States Senator, after fifty years of almost continuous public investigations, his conclusions once reached, his determination service. While his countrymen mourn his death, it was not untimely. once arrived at, the time for action once at hand, he was impet­ Neither in length of days nor in lofty bearing was his death untimely. By reason of strength his years were fourscore, and they ·were full of that worth uous in the charge-there was no halting and no hesitancy about which entitle his name to live. We do not mourn for him as citizens of a his course. He struck home, struck quick, and struck hard. It republic which has been deprived of the full harvest of a strong and useful was this quality, among others which he possessed in a high de­ life, but ~rieve for him as a friend, and lament that we are deprived of his leadership, his influence, and his strength. gree, that made him the conspicuous figure that he was and that It were idle for us to testify in phrase and speech to the high esteem in he will remain in the history of our_country. which Mr. HARRIS was held by the people of Tennessee. Beautiful and feeling tributes have been paid to his memory by That he served them fifty years and died with the harness on, enjoying the highest distinction which it was within their _power to bestow; that from those who knew him personally far better than I did. Distin­ 1847 to 1897 he repeatedly contested with our ablest men for pub!ic honors, guished men from his own State have delighted to praise him by and never once suffered defeat; that a. nation mourns his loss, and for the telling the truth about him. DistinguLhed men throughout the first time drapes the Senate Chamber on the occasion of a Senator's death­ proclaim the strong hold which be had upon the confidence and affection of land, while they may not haye known him so well, delight also to his countrymen. join, though far di 'tant they may be, with their tribute. And Mr. HARRIS had foes. He had a multitude of unflinching friends, and of the great mass of the people the country over, forgetting what­ course, had foes. He was not without faults, but the faults were as nothmg1 ever faults he may have had-and all men have faults-recognize to the virtues which were his. He who stands immediately by the moun­ tain's side may here and there observe the irregularities which appear to that his virtues triumphed over his faults and in their spendid mar the patch of surface which his vision may command; but he who views glow obscured them almost entirely from view. it sufficiently afar to see the mountain itself-to observe the grandeur of its Among all the great men of the land, Tennessee's venerable sweep, its loftiness, its massiveness, and its reach-forgets the gnarled tree and bal'l'en spot upon its majestic side. So it is with the character of a great, Senator ever will stand as one of the most able, most courageous, strong man. So it was with Mr. HARRIS. most useful. Such a standing few men attain. Such a standing He knew little of books, but much of men. He was sa~acious. He was reflects at once honor upon the man who attains it; honor upon wise. He bad the resistless and self-sustaining power which is born in the union of courage and will. He was himself a power because of the fact that those connected with him by blood, by position, by association; whenever responsibility was his, decision marked the act. . honor upon the community which honors him, and which he in He was governor of Tennessee during the critical period which marked turn honors. Such a man, with such standing, was IsHAM G. the war between the States. He was emphatically a •·war governor." No governor was more resolute, impetuous, and aggressive than Mr. HARRI . HARRIS. He declined the proffer of a seat in the Confederate senate for the reason that it would deprive him of the companionship of Tennesseeans in the field. Mr. GAINES. Mr. Speaker, Senator HARRIS was in public life He became an exile in foreign lands when the fates announced that the Union should be preserved. He never apologized nor recanted. Neverthe· many years before I was born. I was not pri~ileged to be socially less, he realized and patriotically accepted the consequences. For t.he last intimate with him for the reason that his home was in the distant twenty years he was a Senator of and for that Union he had previously end of the State, but from my earliest childhood my father taught labored so ardently to dissolve. It was no merit to him, neither would it be me to love and respect him, and as I grew to manhood I learned to meritorious in any Tennesseean worthy of the Senatorship, that every act n.nd word and vote as Senator was loyal and patriotic, and delivered with an look up to him as a leader, a patriot, and a statesman worthy the eye single to the preservation of the Union, strength and prosperity of the exalted love of a great people. I have frequently asked myself: States. It was well understood by the people of Tennessee when he was ''Why do the people love this man so devotedly?" and I found its elected that Mr. HARRIS could and would pursue no other course. When he was elected, loyalty to the Union was what the people of Tennes­ solution when I came to know him and his works better. It was see demanded, and when he accepted the Senatorship the loyalty which never because he never abused their confidence. shrinks was the only thing they had any right to expect. It is not, however No man has ever lived to say that ISHAM G. HARRIS deceived to his loyalty that we would refer, but to the fact that this sagacious and patriotic man. whom those who knew him not are wont to describe as" un· him. I have wondered also why it was that his political foes held reconstructed" and imperious, has exhibited a conservative and wise appre­ him in such high esteem, and I have concluded that it was be­ ciation of conditions which many others, called wise, have not. Senators and cause they always knew where to find him and he never struck Representatives from the South have often been goaded and taunted with the past. "Rebel" and •· disunion" and" disloyal" have been exasperating below the belt. He was a man of magnificent courage, physically missiles which have been kept in political stock; and the Representatives and morally. Never in his long and splendid public life did he from the South have often been provoked into retort. palter with truth or hesitate between two opinions. He dared to This is not true as to Mr. HARRIS. Courageous, resolute, and even at times imperious, he has borne in dignified silence all offensive allusions to be right. What lofty courage it sometimes requires! He never the past. The past with him was truly a dear and cherished memory, but betrayed a trust, and he made candor the cardinal principle of as a United States Senator he sought neither to vindicate nor to defend. his life. His every word was of the present and of the future or the people whom he served and whose happiness he labored to promote. The silence of Senator. Senator HARRIS was stricken with his fatal illness shortly after HARRIS was like the silence of General Lee, and reveals a greatness of spirit I entered upon my duties at this capital, and I was denied mu~h and patriotic purpose possessed by few. of his wise coun.sel which I ¥ad so much depended upon to eqmp In another respect Mr. HARRIS was conspicuous. He was a most candid, me for duty here; but as a Tennesseean and one of his constituents punctual, and truthful man. In him there was no deceit-no promises broken, no pledges unfulfilled. and disciples I am joint heir to a rich heritage of benefit that Mr. HARRIS, like other public men, was not exempt from the aspersions of flowed out of his great and eventful life. His mind retained its party t·ancor and the malignity of defeat; yet. the accusation 'vas never vigor until the last. When the hand of death was upon him and even made, to our knowledge, that he had broken a promise or betrayed a friend. he awaited with calm fortitude the dire event, I ealled upon him Mr. HARRIS was always with t~ majority, yet he never followed them. and found him greatly interested in the four-days adjournment He was too sagacious, wise, and practical to be a mere follower. He was too question then pending, and with wonderful precision and almost independent, honest, and brave to follow, or even seek to ascertain the popular will. But he wa.s a Democrat of the strictest sect. He had real faith in the supernatural clearness he laid down the principles involved, which people. He was one of the people himself. C0nse9.uently, his sagacity per· I afterwards found the law books verified. He had not investi­ ceived at once what was for their good. He subordmated his opinions upon gated the books; it was intuitive, evolved out of his own inate party questions to his deep-rooted views of governmeJ:!.t and to his eonfidence and froth in the honesty of the people themselves. His- common sens9 was EO wisdom. . clear, so honest and extraordinary, that it not only commanded and secured Mr. Speaker, when this great spirit had winged its flight to him leadership, but it inspired in him an unusual confidence in the sense and other spheres, we took up the wasted tenement it had so long oc­ judgment of his fellow-men. his He revered the constitution of his State and country. Infringement of cupied and bore it lovingly to Tennessee where pe-eple might constitutional safeguards and limitations was to him politic~! sacrilege. To do it honor, and the multitudes of people, regardless of politics, cross the barriers which constitutional law had erected aga.rnst the aggres­ creed, or race, who crowded past his bier bore eloquent though sions of power or the invasions of centralization invoked from him pt·otest and denunciation, strong, earnest, and masterful. To hold intact the consti­ tearful testimonial to the universality of that love which they all tutional and reserved rights of the people was with him a political faith in· bore him. On that occasion, when the best men of Tennessee were tense and enduring. His hand and voice were ever ready to defend them •

1898.~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-1IOUSE. · \ . 6133 -' from attack-at any cost. If need be, be would have. wil~ingJy yielded. his a life full of stormy conflicts, in which were gi~en many a hard · life for their preservation. Accurate and comprehensive m his conceptiOns and bitter blow-blows which left behind them -lasting e.nm~ties . of the fundamental principles of free government, be is entitled to a place with the foremost men of the dav. In history the name of IsHAM G. H.A.arus and unforgiving animosities. Yet from the first to the Ja~t of will rank with those whose lives and deeds have made the annals of our his-long career victory clung to his standard, and amid all the country illustrious. great and rapid political changes of his time popular confidence Mr. HARRIS was not only candid and sincere, but be was personally an honest man. For a long period prior to the war between ~h~ States t_he Gov­ never wavered from the man who adhered with stubborn, defiant; ernment was admiiristered by the men of the South, and It I~ our pride th~t combative tenacitv to his earliest creed. during the long period of their domination they were.consplC~ous for their Many a man, hiS equal in intellect and in many other qualities integrity and their freedom from the practices by which officials can amass wealth. Mr. HARRIS was a worthy representative of this class. In dramatic of leadership, would have gone down in any one of the many oratory, in aggressive power, and in impt>rious will he was a statesman of storms through which he passed triumphantly and with honor. the old South. In unswerving and clean-handed honesty he was also o~e. His success waa a triumph not so much of intellect as of charac­ In one respect be was much misunderstood by those whom he -v;anqmshed and overcame. By such the continuous victories of his career were largely ter. The people had marked him as a man worthy of confidence, ascribed to the manipulation and control of an. organized and ;well-supported .and he justified their faith, not by seeking to find and follow the political " machine." N otbing could be more mexact. He neither prom~sed, popular opinion, but to instruct and guide it. He dealt with per­ nor organized, nor flattered. He wrote butfewlettm:s, and they w~rechiefly fect candor both with individuals and the public. He was, I be­ replies. He was always supported by an army of ~nen~, but t1;te1r o!·gam­ zation and enlistment were due to no dextrous mampulatwn of his. H1s can­ lieve, the most truthful man I have ever known. His statements dor, his faithfulness, his probity, his sagacity, his loyalty, his. powei: as a of fact were never colored or warped from the line of accuracy . man, were qualities which drew me~ to bim1 COD?-man~e~, thetr _alle,'Pance, by prejudice or self-interest. and, unconsciously but Sl:lrely, organiZed and msp1red his machine. To this should be added his affec~ion for the people o~ Tennessee. As a Perhaps the highest tribute that could be paid him is to be Senator be labored as earnestly to aid, promote, and assiSt~ Tennessee Re­ found in the negative fact that, though he lived for years under publican, when political conditiol!-s admitted of it, as he d1d a. Democrat. the full blaze of a passionate and hostile criticism, no accusation And the only wish expressed by him, and often repeated, was to be removed before the end, that he might die in Tennessee. tainting his honor has ever adhered to his fame. No charge of RESOLUTIONS. double-dealing, of.deception, or even of a lack of full and perfect It is, therefore, with a melancholy but patriotic satisfaction that his coun- canddr was ever laid at his door. His bitterest foes have been trymen do now resolve: , . forced to admit that ISHAM G. HARRIS was a man to be trusted That in the death of Mr. ISHAM GREEN HARRIS the R-epublic has been when he had given his word. · stricken, and Tennessee bas lost an able, honest, capable, loyal, and coura- geous son; and . Such qualities as these won and retained for him throughout all That it is due to his memory that his virtues be publicly commemorated; his stormy life the unshaken confidence of the people. He had and few of the arts of a popular politician. His manner waa lacking That it is due to the living, and to those that come after us, to declare that it is the sense of his countrymen who knew him, and who are also not un­ in warmth and cordiality, and, except to those who knew him well, familiar with the fame of great men who have gone before, that the truth, he often seemed distant and reserved. With a marvelous memory candor, honor, honesty, courage, and successful career of Mr. IsHAM GRE!JN for fact and incident, he had a poor memory for names and faces, HARRIS entitle his fame to live, and that they do reflect honor upon and give renown to Tennessee; and and he never affected to remember a face he had forgotten. That the respect which bas been shown by the nation officially to his mem­ His enemies, who could not or would not understand his suc­ ory and the universal expressions of confidence and regret by the press of cess, attributed it in large measure to his matchless skill in the other States is grateful and gives consolation to the people of Tennessee; and That while the history of this State teaches that a strong man has ever management of a well-organized machine. Yet in truth no mali been fonnd for every great occasion, and that in the death of one cf her sons ever profited less by such methods. His methods were perfectly Tennessee bas never suffered a loss beyond the stature of all her surviving open, straightforward, and direct. He made no promises. He sons, yet the manly virtues, unblemished and successful career of IsHAM GREEN HARRIS were such as to excite no higher desire than that the succes­ sought no alliances. He wrote few letters and made few sugges­ sor of Mr. HARRIS in the Senate shall have the strength to bend his bow. tions as to the management of his own political affairs. He went straight to the people and appealed to them from the hustings, [Mr. KING addressed the House. See Appendix.] and there he won all his battles. :Mr. CARMACK. Mr. Speaker, it was the profound remark of No man in Tennessee was ever more powerful or effective as a a wise old .Mohammedan caliph that men are more like the times public speaker, and he was preeminently so in joint discussion, they live in than they are like their fathers. Mind and character where all the latent power and fire of his nature was stirred by the are cast in the mold of environment; they take form and color presence of a strong antagonist. In the days when the Whig and from their surroundings; they are fashioned to the hour by the Democratic parties in Tennessee possessed an unusual array of plastic hand of circumstance. Types of character come and go brilliant orators, IsHAM G. HARRIS was the peer of the best. He with the varying phases of social, economic, and political condi­ met in joint debate such masters of political controversy as Neil tions, of national growth or decay. Times change and men S. Brown, Robert Hatton, John Nether] and, and others, and no change wit-h them. The rough-hewn characters who lay the antagonist ever bore away from him the prize of combat. He foundations of empire in the midst of pains and perils are but was not a phrase maker or a rhetorician, but he possessed the fac­ feebly stamp~d upon the lineaments of a softe~ ~ge. We are not ulty of sinewy, terse, incisive speech, with intense earnestness of born of the dead past, but are children of the hvmg hom·. Upon manner, an impressive delivery, and a gift of plain and logical its Procrustean bed the tyrannical present fits each generation to presentation. His manner of public speaking may be described its own whim or need. as argument, warm and glowing with earnestness and passion. IsHAM G. HARRIS was a survival of a type which has passed or In the discharge of public duty he was rigidly conscientious. is fast passing with the conditions that gave it birth-the oldfron­ He loved to do things well-not brilliantly or with splendid tier or pioneer type. He was born in the early years of the cen­ dramatic effect, but well. It was not enough for him to gain the tm·y, when Tennessee was but young in the Union, when thesmell approval of his countrymen. His conduct and the results were of the wilderness yet lingered in the air of its new-born civiiiza­ subjected to the merciless analysis of his own judgment and scrupu­ tion, when the character of the age drew its sap and vigor from lously tested by his own ~stimate of the scope and mea-sure of his the forest mold. He possessed all the essential qualities of the duty. hardy and heroic statesmen-warriors who on the Watauga and It would not be true to say that he took no thought of his own the Cumberland made a clearing for civilization and free govern­ fame; but no man ever made less effort to gain a factitious pop­ ment. He was of the mold and fiber of Andrew Jackson; a char­ ularity. No man ever did less purely to win public approval. He acter of massive simplicity, of heroic force and clearness; fearless, did not delight in the applause of the moment. He valued only resolute, masterful, and imperious, he was born to lead, and, by that solidly built esteem formed to endure the impartial criticism the sheer force of his personality, to rule. of the future and against which the pitiless years may beat in vain. The comoosition of his nature was not complex or intricate-its He trusted the people as implicitly as they trusted him; he elements were few and simple. To know him at aU was to know trusted not only their good intentions but their intelligence and him well. Long years of close and intimate association only capacity for self-government. Believing, with never a shadow of st1·engthened and deepened the eadier impres3ions. You were doubt, in the truth and righteousness of his own principles, he never startled or surprised by the revelation of new and unex­ was never apprehensive as to his own political fortunes. But pected traits, except that the softer and gentler side of hiS charac­ •even to the people he never stooped his high, imperial crest. ter was not kept on public e.xhibHion. In his many acts of kind­ He never wheedled them or cringed to or flattered them. His ness and gf:lnerosity, indeed, his left hand was hardly suffered to kingly manhood stood erect in the pride' and dignity of its char­ know what his rig:p.t hand did. Otherwise all his traits and qual­ acter, and he faced the people confidently and without fear. It ities were stripped to every eye. was a confidence both in himself and in them. His intellect was not subtle or ingenious, but robust, vigorous, He was never troubled with doubts. His opinions once formed direct, guided always by unfailing common sense. His judgment were never clouded by any vague misgivings. His beliefs and his was wonderfully swift and wonderfully true. He was not widely purposes were always as clear as the noonday to his own mind. or deeply read-though he knew accurately the .political history He never groped in the fog or stumbled in the dark. He knew his of his own country-c-but he knew men, and he understood the way and walked with confidence. springs of human action. In the course of his long and eventful career the fiber of his His long public. career, unbroken by a single defeat, is worthy character was many times put to the sternest trial. When the of study, for it is stored with lessons to the rising generation, in war of secession began, he was serving his second term as gov­ which may be learned the secret of failure or success. He lived ernor of Tennessee. He was a thoroughgoing secessionist. He •

6134 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 18,

believed in secession, both-as a constitutiono.l doctrine ·and as a His last days were characteristic of the man. He had known practical remedy_ He believed that it was impossible for the for weeks that death was upon him. Be accepted it serenely and Union to endure and the institutions of the South to be preseTved, without a murmur. It is natural for men when the hope of life and with characteristic courage he accepted the inevitable. Ten· has passed or is passing away to seek consolation in the sympathy nessee was slow to yield to the secession movement, and Senator of those about them, to touch their hearts to pity by allusions to HARRIS'S enemies have often said that he dragged it out of the the dread event, and find a wretched comfort in the sorrow of Union against its will. Certain it is that the tremendous force of their loved ones. Not so with him. He trod the wjne press alone. his personality was a powerful factor in bringing the State under For long weeks and months he looked steadily in the face of the the banner of the Confederacy. king of terrors, and his own stout heart, which had sustained him As governor of Tennessee his resourcefulness, his marvelous through life, sustained him in death. Calmly, silently, and hero· energy, his intuitive jndgment and decision of character, his ically he awaited the "inevitable hour.n _ thorough knowledge of men, his genius for administration1 made A character both unique and great has passed. His conquering him the greatest war governor of the South. In spite of the fact spirit, hls iron will, his brave and true and generous heart will be that his capital was in the hands of the enemy and that a la1·ge with us no more amid the scenes of this mortal life. In the soH part of his State was loyal to the Union, he gave to the Con­ of his own beloved State his ashes have been laid to rest, and sor­ federacy 100,000 soldiers thoroughly organized and equipped. It row's tea..--s will keep green his grave, while love and hono1· will · had been his purpose upon the expiratiDn of his term as governor sentinel the hallowed spot where he sleeps his last, long sleep. to take command in the field; but becanse his successor could not We may not hope to.see another who can draw his bow or wield be inaugurated owing to the capital being in the hands of his his sword, for" he was a man, take him for all in all, we shall not enemy, he served as governor to the end of the war. He was, look upon his like again." however, with the army of Tennessee n·om tl1e time of the fall of Nashville, rendering gallant and conspicuous service. He was APPE~;'DIX. volunteer aid on the staff of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston at the MEltORI.AL CEREMONIES. battle of Shiloh, and in the thick of all that bloody fray. He ral· Mr. W. J. Crawford, permanent chnirm:m of the committee on arrange­ men~s a.:nd tell!pora.ry chairman of the great meeting of the people at the lied in person a Tennessee regiment which was retreating in dis· Auditormm, smd: order and led it back to the position from which it had been "L.ADIE AND GENTLEMEY: In behalf of the committee charged with the driven. He was by the side of General Johnston when fatally preparation of a me-morial service befitting the dii}Ility and character of the late 8enatorHA.urus, I take the liberty of callingthisassemblaget.oorder,and wounded, and bore him from the field. find pleasure in DTesenting the presiding officer on this occasion in the per­ The end of the war found him broken in fortune, an exile from son of a man who is known, honored, and beloved throughout this country. his country, the proscribed representative of a ruined cause. But "'When in early manhood he erved his country in an hmnble capacity m he returned to face the new duties, problems, and responsibilities a foreign clime, and still later. when he by his peerle courage and indomi· table will won the hearts of his command a.'! well as the stars of a majcr­ of the hour, and he faced them with courage and practical wis· general, and subsequently when full of years and full of honors, broaderu:d dom. It was not in his nature to repine. He cherished no illu­ and di!Wified with a ripe ~ienee, he guided the helm of state and r epre­ sions as to the results of the war. He saw what had been irre· sented the Commonwealth m the Senate of the United States, he was and always has been prominent and preemlnent by reason of the fidelity, cour­ trievably lost and what might yet be saved from the wreck and age, and integrity with which he served his cause and his people. When the ruin. He turned from the dead past with sorrow and faced the people of this State and tlris country as,c~mbJe to attest their respect for the future with high resolve. His dearest hopes had been entwined memory and services of Senator HARRIS, it is eminently prope-r that he who for many years shared his burdens and his battles should preside o er tbe with the fallen Confederacy; but he knew that the cause he loved ceremonies, and it is especially ap-proprla.te on an occasion such as this that had died on the field of battle and he did not withhold his beloved the people should be gwen an opportunity to delicately express their high from the grave. Thenceforth th-e destiny of his people was to be appreciation of one who has always served them with modesty, with manli­ cast with the Union, and under its flag .and law its future must ness, and with ability-your senior Senator, Gen. WILLIAM B. B.ATE." redeem its past. To the Union, therefore, sincerely and nngrudg· [Senator ~ATE pays o. tribute to his late colleague iu the United States Senate.] ingly, he gave his renewed allegiance. Senator BATE in a.ssuming the chair said: He reentered public life as a. candidate in the Presidential elec. '•Having been invited to preside oyer this memorial meeting, and as oth­ ers have been designated to deliver addresses suitable to the occasion, it is tion of 1876. His name was in that year presented to the Demo­ not expected of me to present other than a few -words by way of introduc­ cratic convention as one of the electoral candidates for the State tion to that which is to follow. at large. There developed in the convention an nn€xpected oppo­ "Descending fl·om. a pioneer parentage, IsHAM GREEN HARRIS was born sition to his candidacy. . There was still some prejudice against in that beautiful and romantic part of Tennessee where the waters of Elk River now under the spurs of the Cumberlll.nd M01mtains, which overlook him among the ,; Old Line Whigs." There were those who feared the picturesque and prod11etive valleys of Fl'a.nklin County. that his conspicuous activity in the secession movement would "By birth, by early training, by education and de-velopment he was essen­ of tially, and all in all, a Tennesseean-and as the bud unfolded into the blosso-m alienate a considerable body Union Democrats, and there were of practical life under the genial and inspiring influence of that' day which the usual number of pusillanimous spirits who always visit the so splendidly developed Tennessee and Tennesseeans, his natural attributes blame of their misfortunes upon the leader of the unsuccessful and ten.dencies strengthened and matured into ripe manhood and clung t o him through his long and eventful career and, now that he is gone, leave a cause. resplendent memory. All these sentiments found voice in the convention. He was '·Possessed of strong na-..'ll:ral ability that was eminently practical, and nominated in spite of this opposition, but, stung to the quick, he backed by a will power and energy and an ambition that had a spur w1thin, appeared before the convention and in a,_ speech fnll of patriotic IsHAM G. HARRIS began the battle of life. , "The time in which h~ lived afforded rare op-portunities for men of metal fire declined to allow his name to be the cause of discord in t}le and merit to push to the front and gain distmction. and he readily and ·ranks of his party. All opposition was swept away in the enthu­ rirrhtly availed himself of it. But to follow his career would be to go through siasm which his speech evoked, and in spite of his declination the a farge part of the history of Tennessee during tbe last half century, and the time allotted to introductory remarks will not allow it. convention again selected him by an almost unanimous vote. He .. The chief and cnlminating point in his history, and that which most at­ adhered, however, to his decision and announced that he would tracted the public gaze, was the course he took at the outbreak of the war, canvass the State on his own responsibility. So effective were the while he was goTernor of Tenues...c:ee. The time, the occasion, and the office he held gave him such opportunities as have rarely fallen to the lot of man. series of speeches which he delivered in that memo1·able campaign They opened tho way for service to his country in a great crisis, and he gave that by the time the legislature assembled there was not an oppo· it courageously, faithfully, and acceptably. nent to dispute his election to the Senate. " The keynote which he struck at the outset of hostllitieswh.encalled upon, as the go-vernor of Tennessee, by President Lincoln for men and means to use Upon his subsequent career I need not dwell. It is enough to against the South, was such a prom-pt, hconic, and emphatic denial that it not say that during all the years of his service in the Senate he held only found favorable response in Tennessee, but was applauded to the echo fast to his fundamental conception of Democracy, a strict con­ throughout the South. " "The war beigg upon us, and the State of Tennessee having formally se­ .struction of the Constitution. To that doctrine, as to the Ark of ceded from the Union, Governor IlA.RRis, as gover.nor, mnstered in and or­ the CDvenant, he fixed his faith and hope. ga.nlzed more thana hundred thousand soldiers for the Confederate service. · During all these years he was the acknowledged leader of the. Hence he is known to history as one of the 'war governors.' "Without going into detail, it is sufficient to state that from the first re­ Tennessee Democracy, infalh'ble in council and invincible in the veille to the last tattoo in Confederate camps, Governor HARRis was an activ-e field. The growing infirmities of age never dimmed his mind, factor in o11r great unequal contest. weakened his intellectual energies, or abated his z:-eal for the prin; "Being by nature, as he was by profession, a Democrat in its broadest and most liberal sense, he was E!a.sily a favorite with his people and was one of the ciples he loved. leaders who was rarely if ever out of touch with them. Hence it was an easy In the great ba-ttle of 1896, though weakened by disease, his in· matter for him to be elected to anything within their gift. terest in the campaign burned with unwonted energy and power. "~:ffice peace came unto us he was four times elected to the United Sta.tes Perhaps it was because he realizedt as I know he did, that amid Senate from Tennessee. '.rhe State hns honored him and he has honored the State. 'fhe Senate likewise honored him by electing him President protem­ the tumults of the next Presidential contest, the ''thunder of the pore of the Senate, and be thus bec-ame its presiding officer in the ab ence of captains and the shQnting," his voice would .not be heard. He the Vice-President; and in this, as in other official places held by him, he be· felt, like Ossian, that this was the ''last of his fields." He de. came master of the situation and brought credit alike to himself and the office he held. termined to give the last remnant of his strength to liberty and •• In no part of his life was Senator HARRIS ever a drone in the human the people. hive. but a.n active p-articipant in its make-up and manAgement. Charge once more, and then be dumb; "As an actor on the stage of life he played a leading part, and when the Let the victors when they come, curtain fell at the close of the last act in the drama it but removed the aetor When the forts of folly~ from sight, leaving fresh and pleasant memorie of his sayings and the im· Find thy body by the wall press of~ doings upon those who saw and heard him. 1898. CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD- HOUSE. 6135

"But 'Thy scythaand glass, 0 Time, are not the emblems of thy gentler Congress from the Fifth District of Mississippi,. who bad been invited to rep· power,' for even 'the Old Gu.'l.rd' must surrender to thy inexorable demands. resent the National House of Repi"esentatiYes on this occasion. Mr. Wrrr Senator HA.RB.rs, one of the last of the Old Guards-and they are getting LIAMS delivered the following address: · scarce now-stood fc.r twenty years in the Senate a sentinel to guard the Con.­ "MR. CH.A..IRMA.N, LADIES ..un> Gru.TLEMRN: Perhaps the best definition stitution of our coun.try. But this faithful old sentinel has been called by of philosophy is this, that it is the contemplation of death. This means in the decree of fate from'his post of duty, and his mother, Tennessee, has put its ntmost analysis that it is the s.tudy of the immutable an.d eternal in him to rest in her bosom within the sacred precincts of your own Elmwood. thought-in a word, of the immortal inman.-of that which remains as char­ "!tis well- ·acteristic and as establishing identity afte1· what we call death has taken " 'And if through patient toil we reach the land place. _ Where tired feet, with sandals loose, may rest, "How far death puts an end to the man. as we have known him in life will Where we shall clearly see and understand, always remain a de.bated question. Some of us, drawing a lesson from the· I think that we will say "God knev.: the best.' " acorn, the grain of corn, the pollen in the lily cup, the t i.niest material thing that is made., can not conceive of a moment at which the essential man bas When Sanator BATE had concluded his brief speech he asked the audience ceased to exist. or his iden.tity has been destroyed. But, however skeptical to rise, and then called upon t he Rev. Dr. N. M. Woods, pastor of the Second the most skeptical and materialistic man who differs from ns may be, there Presbyterian Church, who offered prayer. is one sense in which he must recognize t-he fact of the immortality of all The invocation was impressive, asking the blessings of Heaven upon the men. It is the sense in which the man's thought and feeling, his psychical exercises, and praying God that the good lessons to be learned from the-life identity, continues with and iruh~ncesothers after his death, and often with­ of Senator HARRIS might be impressed upon all present. out conscious knowledge on the part of those influenced of the source whence the mental and moral molding comes. [Governor Taylor makes a gracet."ul speech as the representative of the State "In that phase of man's many-sided existence on this earth which we call · of Tennessee.] the 'public' phase-in the- field of political life, where the opinions the Professor Arnold's orchestra rendered a selection when Senator TuRPIE most are molded and shaped to the governance of all-no man in Tenne see, had concluded. The governor of Tennessee, Hon. Robert L. Taylor, was the except Andrew Jackson alone., ever influenced other men more during life next speaker, and Senator BATE introduced him as the representative of the than ISHAM G. HARRIS, nor will continue after death to influence them more. State upon the occasion when citizens of the State would honor the dead who, "There was a reason for it. It ought not to be far to seek. His positiun when living, labored so ably and conscientiously to honor the Commonwealth was never doubtful; his voice wa.."! never uncertain. of which he was a Senatorial rep~esentative. Governor Taylor was accorded .. The. man did not know what insincerity and half-heartedness were, ex­ the closest attention while he delivered the following graceful utterancE¥. cept in so far as he observed in the lives of others the-overt acts which proved "MR. CHAIRMAN, LADIES, AND GENTLEMEN: I come- to drop a flower of them to exist. love and reverence on the grave of lsHAM G. HARRIS in tlio name of. the "Before I discnss the philosophy of his life, in the meaning of my defini­ State which he served so long and so well. If all the noble deeds he has done tion, let me run briefly ove-r its events. for his country and his fellow-man were 'flowers I could gather a million "He began life as a man when he was a child of U . He bas himself t.old roseafrom the hearts of Tennesseearutto-night. Wha.tevei' else may be said me of incidents which show him to have been, even at that early age, the of him, he was an horrest man. His heart was the temple of truth and his trusted and controlling adviserof his own father, suggesting and executing lips-were its ora.cles. He loved his native land, and lnyalty to the public duty the family movements, ordering and prescribing its practical life. Before was his creed. He lived a long and stormy life; he d1ed a hero. he was 19 he was merchandisin~ successfully on his own account among "The summons came to hiril in the triumphant hour of the State, when strangerS' to himself and h1s family. He not only succe.eded as a 'business the-centennia.l bells Wei"e ringing out the old century and ringing in the new. ma~' but succeeded brilliantly, and when misfortune came-a bank break­ In the glorious noontide of Tennessee's joyful jubilee, when the trnmpets of ing and sweeping r.way a.n accmnnlately a young man, he was· elected a member of your legisla~ laughter from the lips of childhood. Death:plncks the blossoms of youth and ture. The manner of his entrance into public life was characteristic of the· turns the golden fruits of manhood to ashes on the-lips of age. man., with whom initiative was never wanting and with whom aggression "Poor bird, is there no brighter clime, where thy sweet spirit shall sing fre~l?-e-n.tlymounted ~o the. ~evel of audacity. A ~ordian knot in practical forever in the tree of life? Pooi" child. is there no better world, where thy politics was to be untied. Like Alexander, he cut1t. A Whig and two Demo­ soul shall wake and smile in the face of God? Poor old tired man. is it-all of crats, e:ach of the latter jealous of the other's preferment and insistent on lifa to live? Is ib all of death to die? Is there not a heaven where thy totter­ the ~nance of his own prestige, were candidates in a district Dem.o· ing age shall find immortal youth and where immortal lite shall giorify thy cratw by a close vote. To add another Democratic candidate to the list face? It must be so; it must be so. would seem the. acme of foil~ resulting in 'confusion worse coruounded' " 'A solemn murmur in the soul but that is precisely what ISHAM G. ILumrs advised and did, proving thfrti Tells of a world to be, as he did so freque-ntly in later life on battlefield and in council. that he pOS: As travelers hear the billows roll sessed that rarest of all gifts among leaders of men, whet her in peace or in Before they reach the- sea.' war, the sagacity to know when to be audacious. As Johnson says- ' "There must be a. God; We look up through the telescOpe into the blue " 'When desperate ills demand a speedy cm·e, infinite and catch glimpses of his glory. We see millions of suns-flaming like Distrust is cowardice, and prudence folly.' archangels on the frontier of" stellar sp~ce. And still beyond we see on ten thousand fields of light crowns and shields" of spiralwreaths of stars, islands, "I shall not giv& you in detail a history of the man's career; Suffice it to and continents of- suns fioa.ting on boun.dlesa opal seas: .<\nd arB there no say he he-came from. that ti_me on a trusted counselor in party life. In 18i9 worlds like ours wheeling aronnd those suns? Are- there na eyes but ours to 1?--e went. to Congress; remamed two terms; ref~d a proffered nominatioiL see those floods of ligb.t1 Are there no sails on. those far away summer seas? for a third. There was perhaps a reason for this course not at that time No wings to cleave that crystal air? perfe-ctly clear even, to ~ It was ~ !lay of compromise and diploma,.cy, "Surely there ca.n not bo a universe of suns without a nniverse of worlds-, when good men on both Sides were stnvmg to forestall foreseen calamities­ and reason-teaches us that there can not be a. nnivel'ie of worlds destitute of to avoid the- humanly unavoidable-disunion and war. T'nis youn~r man, life. then only 00 years of: age, was not then, nor, indeed, at any time of his life "We tnrn from the telescope and look down through the microscope and even when old age had mellowed him much, fitted to shine when compr~ it re\'eals in a single drop of water a tiny world teeming with animal life, mise was the. goal of leaders and the wish of followers. He thought, to be with forms as perfect as-the human body, yetinvisible to the naked eye. It sure, that everything possible in that direction ought to be tried, and. hence can not be denied that some power beyond this world created them. We gave his voice to the e::qJeriment. But between the lines it was soon eahlly­ know that some power beyond this world created us. We know that they to be seen that this deciSive and incisive intellect had no confidence in con­ must perish and. that we must die:, and we know that the power which cre­ ciliatory makeshifts, however patriotically intended, but would be found ated them and us and 'the stars above us lives on forever. when the time came with tho e who like Yancey on one side and 'eward on. "Therefore, somewhere beyond this world there is infinite power and the- other, announced themselve openly as being' in line of battle' for • the· eternal life. Let us hope that Christ, who whispered 'Peace.' to the troubled inevitable conflict '-to them plainly, recognizably inevitable, rrntil other. waters ot GaliTea, 1ms whispered 'Peace' to the troubled soul of our de­ men saw how ' coming events cast their shadows before,' his best place was parted Senator, and. that his tired eyes have open.ed to the light of a blissful in Rrivate life. He had no useful place in lJUhlic life. unmortality." 'In 1856, when nominated as Presiden.tial elector, he began to speak out the thought which had become clear in him. It was then that he took the at [Congrel:lSIIlan WILLIA.MS's address as~e representative of the lower Honse that time bold position. for practical politics that the Union was a mere means· of Congress.J · .. to an end, a contrivance of our forefathers to secure the liberties and lives and protect the property of tt.e people; that when it ceased to subserve those: "One sweetly solemn thought " was the offering of the memorial choir at ends, or either of them. much more when: it became a threat to the least of the con.clusion of Governor Taylol"'s adiiress. Senator BATE,_ when the sing­ them. it was time to cease to regard it with superstitious awe and to seek to. ing was at an end, presented Ron. JOHN· SllA.BP WILLIAMs, a member of substitute fol!' the means which had failed some. other and adequate mellllL OONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. JUNE 18,-

In a word, he was enlisted as a disciple of John C. Calhon.n, driving his theo­ "In his old age some one asked him, Governor, to what do you attribute ries of right to their irresistible conclusion in action. Nor did he, foreseeing your long suc~ss in practical politics?' His reply was, 'I don't know, un· · the possible issue, dread it as an alternative. less it be to the _fact that I early learned the difficult art _of telling the truth.' "Among all the disciples of John C. Calhoun there has never been one who • Difficult' is well said here, for although Bulwer is right when he says, • No ' was better fitted by boldness of temperament, logical directness, and sym­ task is so difficult as that of systematic hyprocrisy,' yell none is more invit­ pathy of intellect to carry his theories unswervingly to their practical, nec­ ing to the ordinary office seeker and officeholder, none easier to enter upon. essary, and unavoidable conclusions of fact. Long after these theories bad Duplicity, the all-things-to all-men face, manner1 carriage, and utterance, ­ been shattered on the battlefield, during the Fifty-fourth Congress, Governor which is the entrance into the field of hypocrisy, 1s so easy in the beginning. HARRIS, speaking of the public men with whom his long career had made "Governor HARRIS carried his directness of purpose and utterance so far him acquainted as factors in political thought and work, brushing the other that he did not have even what are called 'popular manners' to help him on. men whom we had been discussing aside as, after all, of small estimate. said: The little hypocrisies of convenance even, excusable as they are held to be in 'But the greatest mind and the greatest man political life has ever furnished the mixed associations qf public lite-even these he scorned to practice. was John C. Calhoun.' Such was his estimate of the great logician, the When men said, 'Governor' or 'Senator, I don't believe you remember me,' great aspostle of State rights and local self-government. his reply was not the usual formula. 'Your face is familiar, but-' etc., unless, indeed, the formul~ was the very expre ~ sion of the very fact. His reply was, HARRIS IN HISTORY. 'No, sir,' or 'No. ma-dam, I do not.' His friends have heard him say these ­ "But to pass on. words in this way, not once, bnt many times, and have seen sensible men re­ "History was made rapidly in those day~. In 1857 IsH.UJ: G. HARRIS be· ceive the response sensibly and many fools go off offended. ~ame chief executive of this great Commonwealth. In 1859 and 1861 he suc· ~eded himself. Those of us who love him best like to call him • Governor' .A. MARVELOUS MEMORY. yet. He was the last of the 'war governors.' Nothing but the fear of the "He cultivated the habit of accuracy in detail to such an extent tilat it charge of invidiousne s prevents me from saying that he was, in executive was marvelous merely as a display of the mental powers of memory. His ability, the greatest of them all. repetitions of conversations, of arguments. and of repartee drawn from his •• The Confederacy rose and fell. many campaigns were intended to be in letter, word, and gesture precisely "A few years of exile, and in 1867 he returned to his home town and prac· as they were uttered forty, twenty, and ten years before. I have heard him ticed law among you until1876. From 1876 to the day of his death he was a relate some of these in the office of Harris, McKissick & Turley in Memphis, Senator in the Congress of the United States. and then, nearly twenty years afterwards, I have heard him repeat them in "I have given this bird's-eye view of a career familiar to you all, in order Washington in the same words, with the same intonation and emphasis, and that you and I both might realize how Ion~ Governor HARRIS has been a frequently with the same gestures. If he bad failed verbally to italicize · moving factor, how long a leader, in Amencan politics and during what anything he or the other interlocutor had emphasized thirty years ago; I trouhlous times. For these were the days that stirred men's passions and think he would have held himself ~ilty of an untruth. · - '~ tried mens souls; first the days of antislavery agitation, the first sounds of "This integrity of character, thlS thing of being an integer and not duplex, which had alarmed Jefferson 'like a fire bell in the night;' then the days of of bein~ one-a whole number, and not a halfnumber, nora mixed number..:.... civil strife, when more than Greek met more than Greek in the fearful sweat stood him in much need in sore time. It stood him in need in business affairs and tug of war, and then, most tryin~ of all, the days of reconstruction, in the hard days right after the war. When the war came he had accumu· when the very groundwork of ci\Tilizat10n itself seemed undermined, when lated over $150,000. When it ended he had absolutely nothing. I do not sup- ' day after day Southern manhood was humiliated and Southern womanhood pose he ever saw the week from that time until his death, or perhaps a few · was menaced. years prior thereto, when he was not embarrassed about ready money, espe­ •• Think of it! This man whose memory we ~lebratl'! to-day saw almost cially small sums, and yet here in Memphis, or elsewhere among men who · the birth and saw the end of the greatest constitutional agitation the world knew him, he could borrow any SUDJ. he was willing to promise to repay from ev.er saw. His public life was as long as the natural lives of two full genera­ moneyed men with whom 'business was business! and not sentime.'lt. The tions. It lapped over in many cases to the third. I know of an instance deposit of a policy upon his life secured them in case of his death, and his where he served in Congress with the grandfather, afterwards discussed the noted integrity of character secured them in case he lived. constitutional right of peaceable secession with the father, to whom he sub­ "Next to the fact of having mastered 'the difficult art of telling the sequently issued a commission as a Confederate officer, and then, long after, truth,' the secret of the man's leadership consisted in his-courage. It was served with one of the P.resent representatives of the family once more in this courage that gave him decision, so that he spent little time in doubting the Congress of the Umted States. There are many families in Tennessee and none at all in com:plaining. The' whining yelp of complaint,' as some one with whom he has been similarly associated in public life. has called it, was foretgn to his soul, so foreign that I doubt if the man of you "But why do I wish you to realize the le?gth a?-d variqusness of his public all best acquainted with him can fit the expression of complaint to his counte­ service? Because, durmg all that longperwd, this man was never once lack· nance or imagine it modulating his voice. He was no Hamlet to have the ing in thought, feeling, utterance, or service to the common people, nor to 'native hue of resolution sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought.' He the ::;tate of Tennessee, nor to the South. Because, most remarkable of all, never spent time soliloquizing about •• taking up arms against a sea of during all that long time, amid all the entanglements 'of practical politics­ trouble.' He simply took them up. - and it brings str::mge bedfellows-no man ever so much as claimed that this "Hence it was that when old issues were dead he promptly turned around man had broken his plighted faith or been lacking in service to any f1·iend to face new ones. The old ones he not only ceased to talk about, save as one who had not fi1·st been notoriously untrue to himself. Because, during all talks of the WarR of the Roses, but he seemed to cease even to think about these generations, his enemy never accused him to another enemy of a mis· them, except in the historical or reminiscent way. I do not mean by that, of statement of fact or of a deception, and for the simplest of all reasons-the course, that truth and right ever ceased to be truth and right with him, no : other enemy would not have believed him. matter on which side the banner of might was unfurled. But his mind was "No man was ever more soundly hated than IsHAM G. HARRIS, and he above all things a practical mind, and the aspiration or desire or intention · was himself what Samuel Johnson called a 'good hater,' and yet no man's which was demonstrated impossible of consummation had with him prac- . word was ever more implicitly and universally accepted as final in a statement tic.a.lly ceased to exist. of fact. Those who knew him, therefore, were not astonished when. in the "You will remember how the Confederate cause was ingrained part and · city of Washington, a bitter Republican Senator from a New England State parcel of the man and how he became part and parcel of the cause, giving rose to his feet when a bill was pending for the payment of a very important to it everything he had or could control except the sacred fund of posterit:y, claim against the Government and, addressing the Senate, the following con­ the Tennessee school"fund. He never any more doubted on the day of hlS versation, substantially, occurred: death than he did on the day 0f Shiloh that the eleven States of the South "• Mr. President, I would like to ask the senior Senator from Tennessee a had a legal and constitutional right to do what they attempted to do-peace­ question. Has the Senator from Tennessee made a personal investigation of ably to dissolve their relations with the other States in the Union-but when this case? ' - the people of the Balance of the formerly United States had exercised their "Senator HARRIS replied: 'I have.' ext:-aconstitutional 'right of revolution,' and our Government, rightfully "• Is it the opinion of the Senator from Tennessee that this claim is just or wrongfully, had become 'changed, altered, and modified.,' he turned his and ought to be paid?' face squarely about in another direction. • The stars in their conTse had "Senator HARRIS replied: 'It is.' fought against Sisera,' and that was sufficient. '"Then, Mr. President,' said this Republican Senator, 'this is sufficient BELIEVED IN SECESSION. for me, and will, in my opinion, be sufficient for the Senate of the United States.' "I have said that his means were direct, but that he was pra~tical andre­ "In all this long period though many people thought him often wrong, sourceful, and hence he was no stickler about the words in which other people and radically wrong, nob~ly who understood the meaning of the word ever should express themselves when ready to join in the attainment of hlS end. accused him of being a demagogue; that is, of advocating a measure because For instance, he was a believer in the doctrine of secession, while many it was popular, and not because he verily believed in it, or opposing a meas­ others did not believe that the right existed under the Constitution, but be­ I. ure because it was unpopular, and not because he verily reprobated it. lieved in what was called the 'right of revolution '-the right to 'change, alter, and modify' a form of government, on the theory that • all just govern­ IDS INTELLECTUAL POWER. ment proceeds from the consent of the governed.' 'Call it what you please,' "You have 1.-nown men of higher intellectual powers, though not many; reasoned IsHAM G. HARRI ; 'the only difference is that we go out of the you have known men-many men-of greater and br<>!Lder educational c~l­ Union under your theory with the recognition upon our part of the fact that tivation, but I have never known a man whose concluswns were more logic· there is a halter legally around our necks. In case of our failure tlle·enemy · ally, unfalteringly, and impersonally drawn from .his yremis~s, nor one m01:e can putone there anyhow-constitutionally or unconstitutionally. It will be sincerely convinced of the eternal truth-the subJeCtive verity-of the bas1c the same thing to us, I imagine, whether we recognize its le~al right to be principles embodied in his premises. Bu~ this logical faculty, :r_:are and UJ?.· there or not.' Of course, you will understand that I am not givmg his words, erring as it was, was not the secret of. hts suc~ss nor the mamstay of h1s but I am expressing in my own way many words and acts of his, as I under­ greatness. Nor was it his power of speech, though this rose at times to the stand them, condensed into a sentence. As a consequence of this practical, level of that of the orator 'born, not made '-persuading men's wills as ~ell nontechnical trait of the man, Tennessee did not • secede,' but • declared her as convincing their judgments. After all, however, he persuaded chiefly independence.' Conceding the means, he attained the end. The two roads because he was himself so thoroughly persuaded; he convinced chiefly by came together; what difference which you traveled? the emphatic utterance of the unornamented truth, his own convictions be­ "As a consequence of this same practical trait, the war, when it was over, ing so intensely earnest and so palpable to all men. was over more completely for him than for almost any other individual in ''There were few men who equaled him in resourcefulness and in what the Union. He turned to face a new war-a war begun for the preservation may be called intellectual ener~y. He was simply untiring, setting for him­ of civilization, and, as a means to that end, for the preservation of white seH,'in the seventh decade of hlB life, tasks from which strong youth would supremacy in the South. have shrunk. But this even was not the main secret of his power over men. "With a people placed between civilization-the fruit of all the ages-on Many men have possessed equal intellectual energy and have none the less one side and the written law-written with men's hands-on the other, the fretted away the1r unavailing lives. Nor can you find the secret in his re­ old 'war governor.' who had spent at best precious littltl of his time in doubt.., markable executive or administrative ability-• the power to organize,' as it spent now none nt all in doubt, and none in doubtful utterance. Law is buu is called in this latter day-though as a political organizer he seemed all­ the Toice; government itself only the body; civilization is the essence, the seeing, aggressive, at once bold and comprehensive-practically perspicacious spirit-the spirit of ages of progress and conquest from rude nature and of the characters, motives, opinions, and surroundings of men. ruder men-a spirit sometimes, alas! misvoiced; sometimes misembodied. "The secret which we seek is to be found in his force of character, resting "How much lie had to do with that magnificent spectacle of constancy · on the three rocks of his courage, his confiden~ in the common people, and and unity, that sublime spectacle of self-mastery, as well as mastership over his integrity; chief of all, on the integrity of the man-integrity in its ety­ other-, which a people subduod in battle, and from their battle purpose, but mological sense; that is to say, the' oneness' or 'wholeness' of the man. His not in spirit, nor in manhoo d~ presented to the world for ten long years; · worst enemy in his fiercest mcment never charged ISHAM G. HARRIS with harassed, misgoverned, robbea-bearing and forbearing-waiting patiently duplicity; that is, with doubleness of purpose, or two-sidedness of utterance, in the leash, ready t6 SP.ring whenever the opportunity for triumph came, or half-heartedness in action. It is the opposite of these that make a man and how much to do with the final triumph when it came, historr, perhaps, · what he was-an integer, not duplex; a whole number, not a half number; will never truly tell, but you and I, resenting as he did the invitatiOn to come a single number, not a mixed numher-in the affairs of life. down to the level of an inferior race and to 'herd with narrow foreheads, "His ends· were single, his means direct. ignorant of our race's gains,' will, I hope, never forget. 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE.

. "Most of us spend 20 per cent of our time in arriving at conclusions and 10 ture can give. but greater yet in the memory of the achievements of her per cent later on in reviewing them and in wondering if, after all, we may not 'buried warlike and her wise,' will place him side by side with the greatest be wrong. Half of this first 20 per cent and all of this last 10 percent Gov­ of them all, nor fear a just comparison with any." · . ernor HARRIS saved. Aft.er having satisfied himself that ' the ends he aimed at were his country's and truth's,' and therefore God's, and that they were Mr. SIMS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that my col­ p1·actical of attainment, I doubt if irresolution ever cost the man five seconds of time. Andrew Jackson once said: 'Take time to deliberate, but when the league, Colonel Cox, may have inserted in the RECORD . some re.; , time for action comes, stop thinking and go in.' marks upon the life, chara~ter, and services of the late Senator "The two men were in many respects alike, and both possessed this ad van· HARRIS. Colonel Cox is unavoidably detained at the present . tage over common humanity that they knew precisely and definitely what they wanted to do, and the time which others consumed in making up their time. miJ:ids what to do they spent in devising means to do and in doing. Goethe The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. McMILLL~). Several other would have reverenced IsHAM G. HARRIS, because Goethe says: • 1 reverence members have asked the same privilege, and if there is no objec­ the man who understands distinctly what he wishes to do, who unweariedly advances, who knows the means conducive to his object and can seize and tion, permission will be given to them all. [After a pause.] The use them.' He also ::-ays truly that 'the greater part of all the mischief in Chair hears no objection. the world a1'tses from the fact that men do not know definitely their o n Mr. CARMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that aims.' I may have printed as a part of my remarks the addresses at the HIS PHYSICAL BRAVERY. memorial services of the late Senator HARRIS at Memphis. "You need not be told that he was brave in battle-physically brave. The man's devotion to the truth would have told you the story of his moral cour­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request age, and his moral courage would have led you to presuppose his physical of the gentleman from Tennessee? [After a pause.] The Chair bravery, For Walter Scott wns right when he said, 'Without courage there hears none. can not be truth, and without truth there can not be any character.' As volun­ tary aide-de-camp to Albert Sidney Johnston and his successors in command Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, I move the adoption of the of the Army of the West, this governor of a sovereign State delivered mes· resolutions. sages and Jed regiments to the charge at Shiloh and in every engagement of The·resolutions were adopted; and then (at 4 o'clock and 32 that army to the close of hostilities. You will remember that he was off lead­ ing a Tennessee regiment into battle at a place so plowed with bullets that minutes), in accordance with the resolutions, the House adjourned . • the regiment had trembled in the balance and sought the cover of a hill, when until· Monday at 12 o'clock noon. · · Albert Sidney Johnston was shot, and that he returned just in time to dis­ cover him wounded and to ease him off his horse to die. "I have said that the other trait of character which made him great as a leader was his confidence in the judgment of the people-in the common EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATION. sense and just intentions of the common people. Even Thomas Jefferson was hardly superior to him in this respect. No llU\n who has this demo­ Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, a letter from the Secretary of the cratic faith well grounded-this abiding faith in the capacity of the people Treasury, transmitting a communication from the Secretary of to understand, provided he himself have information and ideas to commu­ the Interior subm1tting an estimate of appropriation for payment nicate and ability to convey them-this abiding faith in their intention to do the right thing, when they learn what it is, can have any temptation to be­ to boards on town-site entries in Oklahoma, was taken from the come that vilest of all creeping, hissing things-a demagogue. Both his own Speaker's table, referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and mind and his concept of what is in the. mind of his hearers forbid it; they ordered to be printed. give him, on the contrary, every cause to 'be just and fear not.' The very groundwork of the faith of such a politician is the doctrine that if he is right he must finally be successful, because the people are neither fools, to REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND be permanently misled, nor knaves, to do the wrong intentionally. RESOLUTIONS. •· I will be here pardoned for telling an incident from which I derived my first lesson on thi!3 subject. I was a young boy, and a just-home-from-college Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions of the follow­ boy at that, with a just-home-from-college boy's contempt for the 15eneral intelligence. An estrmable gentleman, whose real name I will not gi>e, but ing titles were severally reported from committees, delivered to whom I will call John Smith, was discussing with Governor HARRIS a local the Clerk, and referred to the several Calendars therein named, Democratic platform recently promulgated. Governor HARRIS was re~n~ t­ as follows: · ting that in order to fall in With a foolish and passing sentiment the platform had temporized with economical falsehood. 'rhe other man replied: 'Yes, Mr. CHARLES W. STONE, from the Committee on Coinage, Governor; you and I understand that that is all wrong, but the common peo­ Weights, and Measures, to which was referred the resolution of ple do not, and. moreover, thev do not care a rap.' 'That is where you are the House (House Res. No. 314) for the preparation and publica­ mistaken, sir,' thundered tho ofd governor; 'the John Smiths and the Isham G. Harrises of this world-the so-called " leaders" in public life-may not tion of an index to all Government publications relating to coin­ always be relied on to vote what is right, even when they understand it, be­ age, finance, revenues, and bankruptcy, reported the same with­ cause they have, or perhaps may have, their own "axes to grind," private out amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 1594); which said· ambitions as well as public purposes to serve; but no man who knows the common people would charge them with that crime. They have no axes resolution and report were referred to the Committee of the Whole · except the public ax to grind; no motive to guide them in politics except the House on the state of the Union. motive to ascertain what will be for "the greatest good of the greatest num­ Mr. TAWNEY, from the Committee on Reform in the Civil ber," which is their own greatest good, and having ascertained it, to con­ summate it.' These are almost his very words, though it is more than twentv Service, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3256) in. years since I beard them uttered. They are words of eternal b·uth that lead reference to the civil service and appointments thereunder, re­ to a blessed optimism and to a restful confidence in the permanency and ported the same without amendment, accompaniell by a report· triumph ot_democracyl Words which foreshadow disappointment to the (No.1595); which said bill and report were referred to the House prevalent and fashionable pessimism which would despair of t-he Republic! Calendar. LESSON OF HIS LIFE. "I began by saying that the spirits of men abide after them immortally even on this earth in the influence which has radiated from them, becoming REPORTS OF CO~IMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND year by year less traceable to its origin, but broader and broader in its con­ centric circles. This man's life will leave, has left, amon~ you perpetual re· RESOLUTIONS. enforcement to several ~reat truths-reminders priceless m value right now. Chiefly this: That a politician need not, in order to win and keep the people's Mr. GIBSON, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which favor, be either a moral coward, a hypocrite, or a liar; in a word, need not was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 4451) granting a pension to be a demagogue-the epitome or brief summary of all three. Nancy Barger, reported the same with amendment, accompanied "You see demagogues succeeding temporarily. You see a few of them on small arenas succeeding for a lifetime by living a lifetime lie, but it is a by a report (No. 1593); which said bill and report were referred to blessed thing to know that even in the worst days of popular government no the Private Calendar. - man need be one of them and that in days of emergency no m~n can be one of them and succeed. It is a blessed truth that the people hate fawners and flatterers-duplex characters- that they love men-strong, honest, frank, PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. single-minded men-and that all the great leaders of the people under popu­ lar governments from the beginning until now-great leaders, I say, with Under clause 1 of Rule xxn, private bills and resolutions of the element of permanency in their leadership-have been men who, like the following titles were introduced and severally referred as I HAM G. HARRIS, have 'learned the difficult art of telling the people the follows: truth '-not always saints-far from it, I am sorry to say; but at least the men with' souls of fire,' who lived the truth and hated a lie. !3Y Mr. BARJ?:AM: A bill (H. R. 10_743) granting a pension to " Here was a man who would neither 'follow after a multitude to do evil,' Milton C. .Cunmngham-to the Comm1ttee on Invalid Pensions. nor, on the other hand-worse fault yet and far more prevalent-surrender conviction while he ·crooked the pregnant hinges of the knee where thrift By Mr. ~URKE: A bill (H. R. 10744) for the relief of David R. might follow fawning ' on the rich and great of this world. Watson, alias John R. Williams, alias Francis Williams-to the '·Was it any wonder then-that rare spectacle which some of us witnessed Committee on Military Affairs. · not many days ago in Washington-that spectacle which told the story in a CRU:~PAC~:R: 1~745) single scene of our being the greatest and most remarkable people on the . By Mr. A bill (H. R. granting a pen­ face of the globe? swn to Catharme Schillmg-to the Comnnttee on Invalid Pen­ "Thirty years after IsHAM G. HARRIS had returned to his native State. sions. from foreign lands, where he had been an exile with a price set on his head, Also, a bill (H. R. 10746) increasing the pension of William T. his body laid in state in the Senate Chamber of the Capitol of the United States. The old rebel war governor ther e in his coffin I Secession, civil war, Kimsey-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. and the bit ter scenes and bitterer words of a stirring life forgotten by all. By Mr. FARIS: A bill (B. R. 10747) increasing the pension of Only his int.egrity and ability and courage and love for the people remained! Milton Kinder-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. .Around him stood grouped his fellow-Senators, among whom he had stood so long acknowledged easily chief as ::1. par liamentarian and easily an equal in Also, a bill (H. R. 10i48) granting a pension to Bennett C. Far­ so many respects. Around him Senators and Repr esentatives, and rare if rester-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. not unprecedented honor. the President of the United States and his Cabinet. Also, a bill (H. R.10749) granting a pension to Richard Roberts- ' They did well to pay him especial and unusual honor, and you do well to honor his memory now and always. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. , •· Tennessee-proud volunteer Commonwealth-second to no State in this · Also, a bill (H. R. 10750) for the relief of James P. Catterson- broad Union in resources or in men-great in evel'ything which material na- to the Committee on War Claims. . "6138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JUNE 20,

PETITIONS,_ ETC. A bill (S. 2588) increasing the pension of Corrissanda L. Mc­ Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers Guire; were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: A bill (S. 3350) granting an increase of pension to Blanche E. Barlow; By Mr. PEARSON: Petition of James Ledford~ late private, Company H, Eleventh Regiment Tennessee Cavalry Volunteers, A bill (S. 3515) granting an increase of pension to Mary L. to accompany Honse bill No. 10707, for the-removal of the charge Page; and of desertion against him-to the Committee on Military A.ffai.J:s. A bill (S. 4533) to increase the pension of Lucinda Booth. By Mr. PRINCE: Petition of the Independent Order of Good The message also announced that the House had agreed to the Templars of Aledo, Dl., for the passage of a bill which forbids the amendments of the Senate to the following bills: sale of alcoholic liquors in Government buildings-to the Com- A bill (H. R. 619) granting an increase of pension to Frank mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. · Rockwith; Also, petitions of the Independent Order of Good Templars of A bill (H. R. 4961) granting an increase of pension to George Aledo, Ill., in favor of the passage of bills to forbid interstate W. Osborn; transmission of lottery messages by telegraph and to raise the age A bill (H. R. 6098) to correct the military record of N. Ward of protection for girls to 18 yeaTS-to the Committee on the Judi­ Cady, late major, Second Mounted Rifles, New York Volunteers, ciary. and to grant him an honorable discharge; Also, petitions of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Rock Is­ A bill (H. R. 6379) granting a. pension to Joseph C. Berg, alias land, Our Young People's Christjan Union of the United-Presby­ Jo eph White; terian Church and Independent Order of Good Templars of A bill (H. R. 6388) granting an increase of pension to Joseph R. Aledo, and Epworth League of Alpha, State of Illinois, favoring ]fathers; . legislation providing that cigarettes imported in original packages A bill (H. R. 7321) granting an increase of pension to Lauritz Olsen; . on entering any State shall become subje~t to its laws-to the Committee on the Judiciary. A bill (H. R. 7844) to increase the pension of Mary Broggan; Also, petition of John Buford Post, No. 243, Grand Army of the A bill (H. R. 8181) for the relief of John A. Bingham; Republic, of Rock Island, lll., protesting against appropriation A bill (H. R. 8861) granting an increase of pension to George for erecting a monument to Gen. Albert Pike-to the Committee H. Gi ven.s; and on the Library. A bill (H. R. 9729) to incTease the pension of William L. Smith.:­ son. late Company D, Fifth Tennessee Volunteer~, Mexican war. The message further announced that the House ha.d passed with amendments the following bills; in which it requested the concur- SENATE. rence of the Senate: . MONDAY, June 20, 1898. A bill (S. 125) granting an increase of pension to George W. Palmer; Prayer by Rev. R. W. SMART, of Memphis, Tenn. A bill (S. 166) granting an increase of pension to Samuel A. The. Secretary proceeded to read the J omnal of the proceedings Smith; of Friday last, when, on motion.