© Sahlbergia Vol. 11: 1–6, 2006 1

New data on and (Diptera) of Finland Gunilla Ståhls & Jere Kahanpää

Ståhls, G. & Kahanpää, J. 2006: New data on Platypezidae and Opetiidae (Dip- tera) of Finland. — Sahlbergia 11: 1–6. Helsinki, Finland, ISSN 1237-3273.

Six of flatfooted flies, Platypezidae, are reported as new to Finland based on authors investigations during years 2003-2005. Detailed information of Fin- nish records as well as data on host fungus association and habitat of adults are given. This study reports the first confirmed breeding record for lundbecki from Inonotus radiatus, and recorded Platypezina connexa repeatedly as bred from strongly decayed and softened trunk of spruce.

Gunilla Ståhls, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Entomology dept., PO Box 26 (Teollisuuskatu 23), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: gunilla.stahls@helsinki.fi

Jere Kahanpää, Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: kahanpaa@iki.fi

Introduction lea (Salo et al. 2005). The Platypezidae comprise about 250 species Adult Platypezidae of both sexes are worldwide of which 44 occur in Europe (Rot- commonly found sitting on or performing ra- heray et al. 2004). All known Platypezidae pid erratic to-and-from movements on broad larvae develop in fungi, and the species ex- leaves of bushes, shrubs and trees, occasio- hibit a preference for lignicolous fungi. More nally herbaceous plants (Qvick 1986, Chand- than 30 species of Platypezidae have been ler 2001). They are using the leaf surface as a reared from fungi in the Holarctic region, 20 food source of honeydew. European and 13 North American. Most Pla- The Opetiidae is a monogeneric typezidae are apparently monophagous or at family, with one Palaearctic species, Ope- the most oligophagous, and two or more clo- tia nigra. Adult Opetia have been obtained sely related species may develop in the same sweep-netting vegetation. fungus. The fungi that Platypezidae have been reared from belong to 30-31 genera all in the Material and methods subclass Homobasidiomycetes. None of the The material presented in this paper was col- larger Ascomycetes are known to be attacked lected from southern Finland during the yea- by them, but few Diptera have been reared rs 2003-2005 by hand netting from leaves of from these (Chandler 2001 and references bushes, sweep-netting from vegetation, and therein). All species are thought to in part from Malaise trap and eclector (emer- develop in Armillaria mellea (Vahl: Fr.) Kum- gence) trap catches. Hand netting activity mer (Chandler 2001). In Finland four other was most frequent in August and September, Armillaria species occur, A. borealis Marxm. as this is the flight period of most species of & Korhonen, A. ectypa (Fr.: Fr.), A. lutea Gil- Platypezidae in Finland. Eclector traps were let and A. ostoyae (Romagn.), but not A. mel- used only during 2005, and placed in the field 2 Ståhls & Kahanpää: Platypezidae and Opetiidae

Results

Platypezidae

Subfamily Microsaniinae Cosmopolitan, 21 described species, 5 re- corded from Scandinavia, 3 from Finland. The adults of all Microsania spp. are rarely recorded except in the vicinity of bonfires, where they may be numerous (fumotropic behaviour). The males swarm in the smoke and the females are attracted to these swarms (Chandler 2001, Falk & Chandler 2005). Tuomikoski (1960) suggested that the lar- vae might develop under bark of burnt tree stumps, while Collart (1954) suggested they develop in forest soil where larvae might be feeding on fungal mycelium, but the biology is still unknown. Falk & Chandler (2005) in- dicated that at present there is no reason to believe that Microsania larvae are fungus fee- Figure 1. Agathomyia vernalis, male. (Ta:Hartola, Kor- venpohja, 68396:4497, 14.5.2006, J. Kahanpää leg.). ders. The diagnostic characters of tibia III enlargened and Only one new record: Microsania pallipes somewhat compressed apically and first tarsomere of (Meigen, 1830), Obb: Tervola, Karhakkamaa tarsus III broader than tibia visible. Photo: J. Kahan- (7346879:415620), 28.6.-2.8.2004, malaise pää trap, J. Salmela & J. Ilmonen leg., 1 male.

Subfamily Callomyinae in late April/early May, and removed in late Genus Agathomyia September. The Agathomyia viduella - group Nomenclature follows Chandler (1991, Agathomyia antennata (Zetterstedt, 1819) 2001). Specimens are deposited in the Zoo- N: Espoo, Suomenoja (66736:3730), logical Museum (MZH), Helsinki, unless ot- 10.6.2003, J. Kahanpää leg., 1 female. Re- herwise stated. Specimens were pinned, and corded as visitor of (L.: examined and identified using a stereomicros- Fr.) Pilát but the only rearing record of this cope. Male genitalia were either teased out species is from the fungus Bjerkandera adus- ta (Willd.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Ševčik 2004) so an with a needle, or detached and treated with association with Trametes requires confirma- 10% KOH before examination. The keys in tion. Chandler (2001) were used for species iden- Agathomyia vernalis Shatalkin, 1981 (Fig. 1) tification, all specimens were determined to New to Finland: Ta: Hartola, Hirtesalo species by G. Ståhls. Species new to Finland (6839:451), 4.6.2004, sweep-netted, J. Ka- were sent to P. J. Chandler for confirmation. hanpää leg., 1 female; Ta: Hartola, Korven- pohja (68396:4497), 14.5.2006, J. Kahanpää leg., 1 male. The former site is a small nature reserve with numerous dead and dying bir- ches in various states of decay. The early sta- Ståhls & Kahanpää: Platypezidae and Opetiidae 3

ges and larval habitat are unknown (Chandler bracket of G. lipsiense in Lammi did not col- 2001). lect a single adult specimen during summer The Agathomyia falleni – group of 2004. The emergence trap was placed to Agathomyia unicolor Oldenberg, 1928 cover an area on the ground beneath this fun- New to Finland: Ta: Hartola (68404:4496), gus, and multiple specimens that emerged Suppakuusikko, 31.8.2002, sweep-netted from pupae in the ground were trapped du- from Vaccinium myrtillus in a spruce forest, ring June 2005. Final stage larvae described J. Kahanpää leg, 1 female; Ta: Hämeenlinna, in Rotheray et al. (2004). Aulangon puistometsä (6768:252), 20.9.2004, Agathomyia woodella Chandler in Shatalkin, 1985 on leaves of Rubus idaeus sp., G. Ståhls leg., Ab: Karjalohja, Karkalinniemi (6681:248), 1 female. Host fungus is Bjerkandera adusta 18.8.2005, on leaves of Corylus avellana, (Chandler 1981), final stage larvae described handnetted, G. Ståhls leg. 1 male, new pro- in Rotheray et al. (2004). vincial record; Ibidem, 25.8.2005, 2 males, on The Agathomyia elegantula – group leaves of Lonicera xylosteum; Ta: Hämeen- Agathomyia cinerea (Zetterstedt, 1852) linna, Aulangon puistometsä (6768:252), Ab: Karjalohja, Karkalinniemi (6681:248), 9.9.2005, handnetted, on leaves of Rhodo- 18.8.2005, on leaves of Lonicera xylosteum, dendron sp., 1 male, new provincial record. handnetted, G. Ståhls leg., 1 male. We report first record of this species visiting Agathomyia lundbecki Chandler in Shatalkin, 1985 leaves of Corylus avellana. The early stages New to Finland: Ab: Karjalohja, Karkalin- and larval habitat are unknown. niemi (6681:248), Ex. Inonotus radiatus (So- Agathomyia zetterstedti (Wahlberg in Zetterstedt, werby: Fr.) P. Karsten, collected 26.9.2004 1844) for rearing, multiple males and females flies New to Finland: Ab: Karjalohja, Karkalin- emerged 8-19.1.2005, G. Ståhls leg. First con- niemi (6681:248), 18.8.2005, on leaves of firmed breeding record for A. lundbecki from Corylus avellana, handnetted, G. Ståhls leg. I. radiatus, although the probable association 2 females; Ibidem, 25.8.2005, 2 females, on was noted by Chandler (2001); Ab: Karjaloh- leaves of Lonicera xylosteum. ja, Karkalinniemi (6681:248), 18.8.2005, on Genus leaves of Lonicera xylosteum, handnetted, Meigen, 1824 G. Ståhls leg., 1 male and 1 female; ibidem Ab: Karjalohja, Karkalinniemi (6685:332), 25.8.2005, 1 male on leaves of Lonicera xy- 26.7.-23.8.2004, malaise trap, J. Jakovlev losteum. leg. 1 male, 1 female; Ab: Karjalohja, Karka- (Schnabl, 1884) linniemi (6681:248), 18.8.2005, on leaves of New to Finland: N: Helsinki, Pakila, 4- Corylus avellana, handnetted, G. Ståhls leg. 23.6.2005, emergence trap, G. Ståhls leg. 34 1 female; Al: Lemland, Nåtö, nr. biol. stati- males and 23 females; Ta: Lammi biological on, 4.-5.6.2004, G. Ståhls leg. 1 female. The station (6771:255), VI.2005, emergence trap, third stage larva is described in Rotheray et G. Ståhls leg. Host fungus is Ganoderma lip- al. (2004). The larva apparently feeds on the siense (Batsch) Atk. (= applanatum (Pers.) surface of fungi encrusting rotting wood, like S.F. Gray) (Niemelä 2005). Niemelä & Ko- Corticium or fungal mycelium under bark, tiranta (1986) observed that up to 11.8% of but no precise observations have been made Ganoderma brackets were infested, and that on larval habits (Chandler 2001). fungi with galls occur frequently in southern Callomyia speciosa Meigen, 1824 Finland, and our observations support this Ab: Karjalohja, Karkalinniemi (6685:332), finding. These are the first records of adult 5-26.7.2004, malaise trap, J. Jakovlev leg. specimens from Finland. Adult flies presu- 1 female; Ibidem, 26.7.-23.8.2004, malaise mably are very restricted in their movements trap, 1 female; Ta: Lammi, 12 females, eclec- as a window-trap placed next to the infested tor trap 8, Alnus incana, piece of soft trunk 4 Ståhls & Kahanpää: Platypezidae and Opetiidae

in advanced stage of decay (brown-rot), 27.7- Platypeza consobrina Zetterstedt, 1844 26.8.2005, J. Jakovlev leg. Fruiting bodies of Ta: Hämeenlinna, Aulangon puistometsä Fomitopsis pinicola (Swartz: Fries) P. Kar- (6768:252), ex Armillaria borealis collected sten were present during the whole trapping 17.9.2003, flies emerged 3.-7.2.2004, G. period inside the trap as well as outside the Ståhls leg., 3 males and 14 females. New trap on the rest of the trunk. The early stages provincial record. Hyvärinen & Winqvist are unknown, but the present findings suggest reported this species as new to Finland (one larval feeding in the decaying Alnus trunk. female from Ab: Turku) in 2003 (http://www. Genus Platypezina iki.fi/kahanpaa/diptera/list/, 24.5.2006). The Platypezina connexa (Boheman, 1858) only confirmed fungus host is Armillaria mel- N: Pyhtää, Valkmusa (6717: 483), lea sensu lato (Chandler 2001 and references 30.8.2003, J. Kahanpää leg. Sweep-netted, therein). The final stage larva was described 1 male; Ta: Lammi, Kotinen Nature Reserve in Rotheray et al. (2004). (67944:3964), 4 males in eclector trap (no 11) Platypeza fasciata Meigen, 1804 placed over strongly decayed (brown-rot) and Ta: Hämeenlinna, Aulangon puistometsä softened trunk of spruce (Picea abies), cove- (6768:252), ex Armillaria borealis collected red with moss, 27.7-26.8.2005, J. Jakovlev 17.9.2003, flies emerged 3.-7.2.2004, G. leg; Ta: Padasjoki, Vesijako Nature Reserve Ståhls leg. 2 male, 5 females; Ta: Lammi bio- (68057:2559), J. Jakovlev. 1 male in eclec- logical station (6771:255), 11.09.2004, hand- tor trap (no 16) placed over strongly decayed netted, on leaves of Rubus idaeus. G. Ståhls (brown-rot) and softened trunk of spruce leg., 1 female. covered with moss. Based on this finding it Platypeza hirticeps Verrall, 1901 seems evident that the larvae would feed on New to Finland: Ta: Lammi biological sta- fungal growth of the Picea trunk, but there tion (6771:255), 11.09.2004, handnetted on were no signs of wood encrusting fungi. The leaves of Rubus idaeus, G. Ståhls leg. 1 male; early stages are unknown. Both findings are Ta: Hämeenlinna, Aulangon puistometsä new provincial records. (6768:252), 20.9.2004, handnetted, on lea- ves of Rubus idaeus. G. Ståhls leg.; Ibidem, Subfamily Platypezinae 9.9.2005, handnetted, on leaves of Rhodo- Genus dendron sp., 2 females. This is the first record Paraplatypeza atra (Meigen, 1804) of this species visiting leaves of Rubus ida- Ab: Karjalohja, Karkalinniemi (6681:248), eus. 18.8.2005, on leaves of Corylus avellana, Genus Seri handnetted, G. Ståhls leg., 1 male. Pluteus Seri obscuripennis Oldenberg, 1916 cervinus appears to be a regular host fungus Ab: Karjalohja, Karkalinniemi (6685:332), (Chandler 2001). The final stage larva was 26.7.-23.8.2004, malaise trap, J. Jakovlev described in Rotheray et al. (2004). leg. 1 female. Earlier records of this species Genus Platypeza comprise one male specimen in MZH label- Platypeza aterrima Walker, 1836 led ”Lojo”, ”R. Frey”, “P. J. Chandler det”, Ta: Lammi biological station (6771:255), and one male from Kb: Joensuu, Liperi, Lipe- 11.09.2004, handnetted, on leaves of Rubus rinsalo, 23-24.VII.1976, O. Martin (ZMUC). idaeus, G. Ståhls leg. 1 male, 2 females, new This taxon is very rarely encountered in Scan- provincial record; Ta: Hämeenlinna, Au- dinavia. langon puistometsä (6768:252), 20.9.2004, This species has been bred from Polyporus handnetted, on leaves of Rubus idaeus. 9 fe- durus (Timmerm.) Kriesel (=P. badius) in males. Ibidem, 9.9.2005, handnetted on Rho- England (Webb 2004). The final stage larva dodendron sp. 1 female. was described in Rotheray et al. (2004). Ståhls & Kahanpää: Platypezidae and Opetiidae 5

Opetiidae Qvick (1986) provided data on the phe- Opetia nigra Meigen, 1830 nology of Swedish platypezids based on ob- N: Mäntsälän Mustametsä (6724:398), servations during a three-year period. The 19.8.2003, sweep-netted from low vegetation occurrences of platypezids reported for in the among spruce (Picea abies) trunks in various present paper do not deviate from the patterns but mostly late stages of decay, J. Kahanpää of occurrences outlined in Qvick’s paper, ex- leg. 1 female; Ta: Padasjoki, Vesijako Nature cept that there are no findings of Platypezidae Reserve (67944:3964), eclector trap, 28.7.- from mid October onwards in Finland. 27.9.2005, J. Jakovlev leg., 1 male. Eclector Recordings of Agathomyia unicolor and trap placed over a strongly decayed (brown- rot) and softened piece of trunk of spruce A. lundbecki as new to Finland could be ex- (Picea abies) that was covered with moss. pected, as they were previously known from Until now the single reported rearing of Ope- Denmark, Norway and Sweden. A. vernalis, tia nigra was from rotten birch (Speight et on the other hand, was not previously recor- al. 1990). It has been reported from emer- ded from Fennoscandia. Previous records of gence traps on open grounds away from trees A. zetterstedti from Scandinavia comprise (Chandler 2001 and references therein) but only two provinces in Sweden (GS and UP). the early stages remain unknown. No records of A. viduella (Zetterstedt) were obtained for the present study, but this is exp- Discussion lained with scarce collecting during the flight Hand netting seems to be the most efficient period for this species (June-July). Chandler way of catching Platypezidae, based on the (1991) described the species as widespread findings of present study, agreeing with con- and frequent throughout Scandinavia. This ta- clusion in Qvick (1986). Only Callomyia xon is known from provinces Al, Ab, N, Sa, amoena (multiple specimens) and Seri obscu- Om and Ks. Neither was A. elegantula recor- ripennis (one specimen) were obtained from ded during this study, earlier recorded from malaise traps. Eclector traps were only used Ab, N, Sb, Ob, Ks and LkW. during 2005, but showed great promise. The repeated rearing of Platypezina con- The platypezid specimens recorded in this neza from strongly decayed spruce indicates paper were handnetted on leaves of Corylus that this is the larval habitat. Further studies avellana L. (Betulaceae), Rhododendron sp. will concentrate on repeating this finding and (Ericaceae), Rubus idaeus L. (Rosaceae) and looking for larvae. Results of rearings of the Lonicera xylosteum L. (Caprifoliaceae). While fungus Armillaria borealis (by GS) in the pre- the three first mentioned plants are repeated- sent paper produced Platypeza consobrina and ly reported as collecting sites for platypezids, P. fasciata from the same fungal specimen. No Lonicera xylosteum was not listed as a plant other Platypeza species were obtained by rea- visited by Platypezidae by Chandler (2001) ring, although it is hypothesized that Armilla- or Qvick (1986). Qvick (1986) listed Quercus ria spp. could be the host fungus for all or most robur, Rubus idaeus and Corylus avellana as Platypeza spp. Larvae tentatively identified as the most frequent plants from which Platype- modesta (Zetterstedt, 1844) were zidae were collected in Sweden. In the present observed in Armillaria borealis collected in survey Rubus idaeus and Corylus avellana Ta: Hämeenlinna, Aulangon puistometsä, but were the most frequently visited plants, while could not be reared for confirmation. Platy- no findings were made from Quercus robur peza hirticeps recorded as new to Finland in although consistently looked for. the present study, was previously known from 6 Ståhls & Kahanpää: Platypezidae and Opetiidae

Sweden and Norway, but the species appears Entomologica Scandinavica 36: 5-276. scarce throughout its distribution. Females of Falk, S. J. & Chandler, P. J. 2005: A review of the P. hirticeps are hard or impossible to separate scarce and threatened flies of Great Britain. from females of P. aterrima. Part 2: and not dealt Platypezidae are generally not frequent, with by Falk (1991). — Species Status 2: 1- the exception being Callomyia amoena and 189. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. C. speciosa. Most Platypezidae are strongly Niemelä, T. 2005: Käävät, puiden sienet. (Poly- dependent on standing or fallen fungal infe- pores, lignicolous fungi). — Norrlinia, 2005, sted and/or decaying trees and stumps. Poten- 320 pp. tial threats to scarce or threatened flat-footed Niemelä, T. & Kotiranta, H. 1986: Polypore sur- flies of Great Britain listed by Falk & Chand- vey of Finland 4. Phaeolus, Fistulina, Gan- ler (2005) include loss of woodland to agri- oderma and Ischnoderma. — Karstenia 26: culture or intensive forestry, and the removal 57-64. of dead wood and old or diseased trees, which Qvick, U. 1986: Utbredning, flygtid och uppträ- may support suitable fungi. dande hos svenska svampflugor. — Entomo- Chandler (2001) covered 21 (the listed logisk Tidskrift 107: 11-16. [In Swedish] number was 20, but Protoclythia modesta was Rotheray, G. E., Chandler, P. J. & Gilbert, F. 2004: Final stage larvae and puparia of Platypezidae excluded by accident) species of Platypezidae (Diptera). — Systematics and Evoluti- for Finland, the present number of species is on 35: 79-106. 28. The greatest numbers of species are found Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela-Salo, U. in the south of Finland, 17 species in provin- & Ohenoja, E. (toim.) 2005: Suomen ces Ab and N, and 16 in Ta. helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levin- neisyys ja uhanalaisuus. — Suomen Acknowledgements ympäristökeskus. — Suomen ympäristö 769: We thank Peter J. Chandler for excellent help 1-526. with determinations and for comments on the Ševčik, J. 2004: New records of Diptera associated manuscript, and Tuomo Niemelä and Pertti with fungi from the Czech and Slovak Re- Salo (Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of publics. — Acta Facultatis Ecologiae, Zvolen (Slovakia) 12, suppl. 1: 135-142. Natural History) for identification of and in- Speight, M. C: D., Blackith, R. E. & Blackith, formation on fungi. This study was supported R. M. 1990: Antichaeta brevipennis, Leu- by Finnish Ministry of Environment. cophenga maculata, picta and Tephroclamys tarsalis (Diptera): new References to Ireland. — Bulletin of Irish biogeographi- Chandler. P. J. 1991: Platypezidae. In: Soós and cal Society 13: 131-136. Papp (ed.) Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Webb, J. 2004: Rearing records of Seri obscuri- 7: 205-217. pennis (Oldenberg) (Diptera, Platypezidae) Chandler, P. J. 2001: The Flat-footed flies (Ope- from Oxfordshire. — Dipterists Digest 11: tiidae and Platypezidae) of Europe. — Fauna 143.