DOCSLIB.ORG

MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School Certificate for Approving The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School Certificate for Approving The MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Jared A. Farley Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Ryan J. Barilleaux Director John P. Forren Reader Augustus J. Jones Reader Mary Kupiec Cayton Graduate School Representative ABSTRACT THE POLITICALIZATION OF THE AMERICAN EVANGELICAL PRESS, 1960— 1981: A TEST OF THE IDEOLOGICAL THEORY OF SOCIAL MOVEMENT MOBILIZATION by Jared A. Farley In the last decade, scholars have increasingly begun to study the role of issue entrepreneurs and subculture elites in utilizing ideologies, frames and cultural symbolism in the mobilization of social and political movements. Despite this, one of the most important social/political movements of the last century, the rise of the Evangelical Right, has largely escaped examination through these lenses. A limited number have focused their attention upon the more prominent evangelical leaders, like Rev. Jerry Falwell, but this work examines the evangelical subculture from a broader perspective. A similar criticism is that the scholarship in this field often oversimplifies this political reawakening. Researchers often suggest that the 1976 presidential campaign of fellow evangelical Jimmy Carter was the central mobilizing force which propelled white evangelicals into the electoral arena, causing secular conservative political operatives to realize the dormant electoral potential of this community. This study shows that operatives and elites within the evangelical subculture were moving to politicalize the subculture long before the 1980 election, the establishment of Jerry Falwell’s Moral Majority or even the 1976 election. Finally, this study provides an analysis of the ideology evangelicals were mobilized under during the 1960s and 1970s. Social movement scholars have recently begun talking about the functions movement ideologies must serve for a mobilization to be successful. This study tests these hypotheses with a systematic, empirical, primary source analysis, rather than the nonsystematic, hearsay or anecdotal evidence that exemplifies most of the social movements’ literature. The final chapter provides an overview of the political ideology and issue framing which emerge from the pages of the major evangelical periodicals of this time period. This politicalization of the evangelical subculture is an important topic for analysis not only because of what it can tell us about the top-down mobilization of social/political movements, but also because of the insights it lends to the formation of one of the most significant and powerful political movements in recent history. THE POLITICALIZATION OF THE AMERICAN EVANGELICAL PRESS, 1960- 1981: A TEST OF THE IDEOLOGICAL THEORY OF SOCIAL MOVEMENT MOBILIZATION A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science by Jared A. Farley Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2006 Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Ryan J. Barilleaux © Jared A. Farley 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………... v LIST OF GRAPHS………………………………………………………………. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………. xii INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………… 1 CHAPTER 1- THE CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF AMERICAN EVANGELICALS…………………………………………………. 4 • Defining Evangelicalism • Sub-Types of Evangelicalism • Concepts of Evangelicalism • Typical Evangelical Communions • A Short History of Evangelicalism in the United States CHAPTER 2- A BRIEF HISTORY OF AMERICAN EVANGELICAL POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT……………………………………………………………….. 27 CHAPTER 3- LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………… 46 • Applications of Social Movement Mobilization Theory to the American Evangelical Political Mobilization of the 1970s • Research Design CHAPTER 4- POLITICAL CONTENT ANALYSIS FINDINGS…………… 79 • General Findings • Participation Findings • Partisan Bias Findings • Politician Findings iii • Evangelical Political Leader Findings • Political Organization Findings • General Public Policy Findings • Moral Public Policy Findings • Non-Moral Public Policy Findings • Conclusion CHAPTER 5- CONCLUSION………………………………………………….. 127 • Review • Interpretation • Significance • Future Research Selected Bibliography…………………………………………………………. 141 Appendix A …………………………………………………………………….. 162 Appendix B …………………………………………………………………….. 227 Appendix C ………………………………………………………………….…. 232 Appendix D …………………………………………………………………….. 235 Appendix E …………………………………………………………………….. 260 Appendix F …………………………………………………………………….. 261 iv LIST OF TABLES TABLES PAGE Table 1- The Evolution of the Cable Television in the United States ………. 63 Table 2- Christianity Today Circulation Figures …………………………….… 73 Table 3- Christian Life Circulation Figures ……………………………………. 74 Table 4- Charisma Circulation Figures ………………………………………... 74 Table 5- Decision Circulation Figures …………………………………………. 75 Table 6- Moody Monthly Circulation Figures …………………………………. 76 Table A1- Content Judged to Contain a Reference to an Individual Politician Classified by Tone and Partisanship for All Four Magazines ………. 227 Table B1- Individual Instances of Content Containing References to Individual Politicians ………………………………………………………………… 228 Table C1- Individual Instances of Political Content Containing References to Individual Evangelical Political Leader for All Four Magazines ……. 229 Table D1- Individual Instances of Political Content Containing References to a Political Interest Group for All Four Magazines ……………………... 230 Table E1- Individual Instances of Political Content Containing a Discussion of a Moral Issue for Each Year in All Four Magazines ………………….. 231 v LIST OF GRAPHS GRAPH PAGE A Political Content for Each Year in All Four Magazines ………………… 162 B Political Content for Each Year in Christianity Today ………………….. 163 C Political Content for Each Year in Moody Monthly ……………………... 164 D Political Content for Each Year in Christian Life ………………………... 165 E Political Content for Each Year in Decision ……………………………... 166 F Political Cover Stories for Each Year in All Four Magazines ………….. 167 G Non-Cover Political Feature Stories for Each Year in All Four Magazines…………………………………………………………………... 168 H Political Editorials for Each Year in All Four Magazines ………………..169 I Political Non-Feature Stories for Each Year in All Four Magazines…... 170 J Political Advertisements for Each Year in All Four Magazines ……….. 171 K Political Photographs or Cartoons for Each Year in All Four Magazines……………………………………………………………………172 L Brief Political Stories for Each Year in All Four Magazines …………… 173 M Political Stories of 1/12th to 1/4th of a Page for Each Year in All Four Magazines…………………………………………………………………… 174 N Political Stories of 1/4th to ½ of a Page for Each Year in All Four Magazines ……………………………………………………………………175 vi O Political Stories of ½ to 1 Full Page for Each Year in All Four Magazines…………………………………………………………………… 176 P Political Stories of 1 Full Page to 3 Pages for Each Year in All Four Magazines ………………………………………………………………..… 177 Q Political Stories of Greater than 3 Pages to 5 Pages for Each Year in All Four Magazines ………………………………………………………….... 178 R Political Stories of Greater than 5 Pages for Each Year in All Four Magazines ……………………………………………………………….… 179 S Content Containing Explicit Calls for Readers to Participate ………… 180 T Content Containing Explicit Calls for Readers to Participate in Christianity Today Only ………………………………………………………………... 181 U Content Containing Explicit Calls for Readers to Participate in Christian Life Only…………………………………………………………………… 182 V Content Containing Explicit Calls for Readers to Participate in Moody Monthly Only ……………………………………………………………... 183 W Content Containing Explicit Calls for Readers to Participate in Decision Only ………………………………………………………………….……. 184 X Content Containing Examples of Participation for Each Year in All Four Magazines ……………………………………………………………..…. 185 Y Content Containing Suggestions that the Church Should Stay Out of Politics for Each Year in All Four Magazines …………………….…… 186 Z Content Judged to Contain a Partisan Bias for Each Year in All Four Magazines ………………………………………………………………... 187 vii A1 Content Judged to Contain Partisan Bias for Each Year in Christianity Today Only ……………………………………………………………….. 188 B1 Content Judged to Contain Partisan Bias for Each Year in Christian Life Only …………………………………………………………………..…… 189 C1 Content Judged to Contain Partisan Bias for Each Year in Moody Monthly Only ……………………………………………………………………….. 190 D1 Content Judged to Contain Partisan Bias for Each Year in Decision Only……………………………………………………………………...… 191 E1 Content Judged to Contain a Clear and Explicit Partisan Bias for Each Year in All Four Magazines ……………………………………..……… 192 F1 Content Judged to Contain an Attempt at Partisan Neutrality for Each Year in All Four Magazines …………………………………………………… 193 G1 Content Judged to Suggest that Liberal Protestants were Incorrect Politically as well as Theologically for Each Year in All Four Magazines……………………………………………………………..….. 194 H1 Content Judged to Contain a Reference to a Specific Politician for Each Year in All Four Magazines …………………………………….…….… 195 I1 Content Judged to be Favorable Toward Individual Republican Politicians for Each Year in All Four Magazines …………………………….……. 196 J1 Content Judged to Contain Negative References to Individual Republican Politicians for Each Year in All Four Magazines ………………..……. 197 K1 Content Judged to Contain Neutral References to Republican Politicians for Each Year in All Four
Load more

Recommended publications
  • September 25
    ) /• O ,^v ') NEW YORK'S OLDEST GAY NEV/SPAPER ISSUE tlO. 97 SEPT. 1979 Houston arks March BYVERNHALLSMrm session.' We-idso declared October 15 as Denver, Orforade. The national logistics "lesbian/gay" did sndnde aU of us. We Constittsency Day, in which a ddegation office is in WaAington, D.C. Over the did a^ree on a Hseing in the separate On Jtdy 6 thrtm^ 8, history was from each congressional district caU on same weekend ^ as the march, the Uterature for aU of our mitvorities' The written. The first national conference their respective.xepreftentMive- and pre­ National Conference oi Third World' reUgious caucus addressed die homo- widi sexual parity and over twenty sent our demands. It was adopted diat Gays/Lesbians is bctn^ held. There wiU l^iobia of the org«iised dnarches and percent diird world representation was ten percem of aU trani^iortation be be a national gay lesbian sports event resolved to intensify the education htdd in Houston. Texas, to make die final provided free to die economicafly de­ diat weekend also, fdus many other process to accelerate change in attitudes plans fbr die Mardi on WasCungaon For prived. spedficaOy ddrd worid lesbians celclnratoty eVQits. As these become by the churches. The most effective fiyer Lesbian/Gay Rights. In hia welmndng and lesbian mothers. This can be known to tw they wffl be passed on to that I saw was a sheet folded in hdf. widi addreaa. Rjqr HiU. gay activist and extended to mean gay men who are tn you. The Houston conference had die words on the outside.
    [Show full text]
  • Baptism: Valid and Invalid
    BAPTISM: VALID AND INVALID The following information has been provided to the Office of Worship and Christian Initiation by Father Jerry Plotkowski, Judicial Vicar. It is our hope that it will help you in discerning the canonical status of your candidates. BAPTISM IN PROTESTANT RELIGIONS Most Protestant baptisms are recognized as valid baptisms. Some are not. It is very difficult to question the validity of a baptism because of an intention either on the part of the minister or on the part of the one being baptized. ADVENTISTS: Water baptism is by immersion with the Trinitarian formula. Valid. Baptism is given at the age of reason. A dedication ceremony is given to infants. The two ceremonies are separate. (Many Protestant religions have the dedication ceremony or other ceremony, which is not a baptism. If the church has the dedication ceremony, baptism is generally not conferred until the age of reason or until the approximate age of 13). AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL: Baptism with water by sprinkling, pouring, or dunking. Trinitarian form is used. Valid. There is an open door ceremony, which is not baptism. AMISH: This is coupled with Mennonites. No infant baptism. The rite of baptism seems valid. ANGLICAN: Valid baptism. APOSTOLIC CHURCH: An affirmative decision has been granted in one case involving "baptism" in the apostolic church. The minister baptized according to the second chapter of the Acts of the Apostles, and not St. Matthew. The form used was: "We baptize you into the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and you shall receive a gift of the Holy Ghost." No Trinitarian form was used.
    [Show full text]
  • Creation: Believe It Or Not*
    TMSJ 13/1 (Spring 2002) 5-32 CREATION: BELIEVE IT OR NOT* John MacArthur President and Professor of Pastoral Ministries Naturalism has replaced Christianity as the main religion of the Western world. Though the teaching that natural evolutionary processes can account of the origin of all living species has never been proven, that teaching is central to the philosophy that now dominates Western scholarly thinking. Even evangelicals have become less willing to defend the early chapters of Genesis against the encroach- ments of evolutionary thought, although in actuality affirming an “old earth” theory and remaining evangelical is an inconsistency. A “framework” approach to those chapters does not square with a consistent hermeneutical approach to Scripture, because the first chapter of Genesis teaches that God created the world in a normal week of seven days. The purpose of evolution is to explain away the God of the Bible. The absurd teaching of the Big Bang theory of evolution is that nobody times nothing equals everything. It is a theory that raises an almost endless array of unsolvable problems. It is degrading to humanity, hostile to reasons, and antithetical to the truth that God has revealed. When one starts adapting the Word of God to fit scientific theories based on naturalistic beliefs, he has begun his journey on the road to skepticism. * * * * * Introduction Thanks to the theory of evolution, naturalism is now the dominant religion of modern society. Less than a century and a half ago, Charles Darwin popularized the credo for this secular religion with his book The Origin of Species.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Christian Right': Seeking Solace in a Narrative Of
    Britain’s ‘Christian right’: seeking solace in a narrative of discrimination democraticaudit.com /2017/02/21/britains-christian-right-seeking-solace-in-a-narrative-of-discrimination/ By Democratic Audit UK 2017-2-21 The ‘Christian right’ in the UK may not be anywhere near as powerful as its US counterpart, but it still tries to exert influence on public policy. This has become increasingly difficult as fewer Britons identify themselves as Christian. Steven Kettell finds that although these campaigners bemoan the effects of secularisation, they have found themselves adopting secular arguments in order to oppose same-sex marriage, abortion and assisted dying. Photo: Leo Reynolds via a CC-BY-NC SA 2.0 licence The US Christian Right would seem to be enjoying something of a resurgence. Evangelical voters have helped propel Donald Trump to the White House, potentially ushering in an era of renewed political influence and religiously inspired policy-making. Research in Britain, on the other hand, has typically concluded that no parallel ‘Christian Right’ movement exists. Compared to their US counterparts, conservative Christians in Britain are far fewer in number, tend to engage with a different set of issues, are typically more left-of-centre in their economic outlook and have far less political clout. But to ignore the political activities of conservative Christian groups would be to ignore some of the more politically active members of British society. In recent years such groups have contributed to a number of contentious disputes around free speech, abortion and assisted dying, as well as protests about religious freedom and equalities legislation.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 the Development of North American Cities
    CHAPTER 3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH AMERICAN CITIES THE COLONIAL F;RA: 1600-1800 Beginnings The Character of the Early Cities The Revolutionary War Era GROWTH AND EXPANSION: 1800-1870 Cities as Big Business To The Beginnings of Industrialization Am Urhan-Rural/North-South Tensions ace THE ERA OF THE GREAT METROPOLIS: of! 1870-1950 bui Technological Advance wh, The Great Migration cen Politics and Problems que The Quality of Life in the New Metropolis and Trends Through 1950 onl tee] THE NORTH AMERICAN CIITTODAY: urb 1950 TO THE PRESENT Can Decentralization oft: The Sun belt Expansion dan THE COMING OF THE POSTINDUSTRIAL CIIT sug) Deterioration' and Regeneration the The Future f The Human Cost of Economic Restructuring rath wor /f!I#;f.~'~~~~'A'~~~~ '~·~_~~~~Ji?l~ij:j hist. The Colonial Era Thi: fron Growth and Expansion coa~ The Great Metropolis Emerges to tJ New York Today new SUMMARY Nor CONCLUSION' T Am, cent EUf( izati< citie weal 62 Chapter 3 The Development of North American Cities 63 Come hither, and I will show you an admirable cities across the Atlantic in Europe. The forces Spectacle! 'Tis a Heavenly CITY ... A CITY to of postmedieval culture-commercial trade be inhabited by an Innumerable Company of An· and, shortly thereafter, industrial production­ geL" and by the Spirits ofJust Men .... were the primary shapers of urban settlement Put on thy beautiful garments, 0 America, the Holy City! in the United States and Canada. These cities, like the new nations themselves, began with -Cotton Mather, seventeenth· the greatest of hopes. Cotton Mather was so century preacher enamored of the idea of the city that he saw its American urban history began with the small growth as the fulfillment of the biblical town-five villages hacked out of the wilder· promise of a heavenly setting here on earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Introducing the Christadelphians Introducing the Christadelphians
    Introducing the Christadelphians Introducing the Christadelphians Walking down the streets of your town, you may have noticed a hall with “CHRISTADELPHIANS” on the sign outside. Who, you may wonder, are these people, and what do they stand for? hristadelphians are found in most to return from heaven to be a king on C countries of the world. We believe the the earth, bringing justice and peace. As Bible is God’s handbook for life, and read this could be any time, we try to live as it daily for comfort and advice. We model pilgrims, ready to leave and be with him. If our beliefs and practices as closely as we die, we hope to be raised back to life we can on the first century church, which when Jesus comes. We believe the Jews makes us different to most other Christian are still God’s people, and will be restored groups. For example, we have no paid to him. And we follow these simple rules priests or pastors, because there were – love God, love each other, love your none in the time of the apostles. We do neighbours, and remember Jesus in bread not feel bound to tithe our income, or keep and wine. If this sounds interesting, please Sabbaths, or burn incense, because these read on to find out more about us! practices were left behind with the Law of Moses, and not repeated in the New THE NAME Testament. We call each other ‘brother’ “Christadelphians” is a bit of a mouthful. or ‘sister’. We practise only adult baptism.
    [Show full text]
  • Climatic Summary of Snowfall and Snow Depth in the Ohio Snowbelt at Chardon1
    Ohio J. Science ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION 101 Climatic Summary of Snowfall and Snow Depth in the Ohio Snowbelt at Chardon1 THOMAS W. SCHMIDLIN, Geography Department and Water Resources Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242 ABSTRACT. Snowfall records were examined for the period 1945-85 at Chardon, OH, the only station with a long climatic record in the snowbelt. Average seasonal snowfall was 269 cm (106 in) with a seasonal maxi- mum of 410 cm (161 in). Seasonal snowfall was positively correlated with other sites in the lower Great Lakes snowbelts and along the western slope of the Appalachians from Tennessee to Quebec, but was not correlated with snowfall in the snowbelts of the upper Lakes. The time series of seasonal snowfall was not random but showed weak year-to-year persistence. The average number of days with 2.5 cm (1 in) of snow- fall was 35. The average dates of the first and last 2.5 cm snowfalls of the winter were 10 November and 4 April. The largest two-day snowfall of the winter averaged 33 cm. The average number of days with 2.5 cm of snow cover was 82. Daily probability of snow cover reached the seasonal maximum of 86% in mid-January and early February. These results may be reasonably extrapolated throughout the Ohio snow- belt for applications in vegetation studies, animal ecology, hydrology, soil science, recreation, and transpor- tation studies. OHIO J. SCI. 89 (4): 101-108, 1989 INTRODUCTION Great Lakes (Muller 1966, Eichenlaub 1970). The Lake The Great Lakes exert a significant influence on the Erie snowbelt extends from the eastern suburbs of regional climate (Changnon and Jones 1972, Eichen- Cleveland through extreme northeastern Ohio into laub 1979).
    [Show full text]
  • Inner Healing and Deliverance As an Essential Component of The
    Digital Commons @ George Fox University Doctor of Ministry Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2017 Inner Healing and Deliverance as an Essential Component of the Discipleship Structure of the Local Church Jonathan Lee Shoo Chiang George Fox University, [email protected] This research is a product of the Doctor of Ministry (DMin) program at George Fox University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Shoo Chiang, Jonathan Lee, "Inner Healing and Deliverance as an Essential Component of the Discipleship Structure of the Local Church" (2017). Doctor of Ministry. 234. http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/dmin/234 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Ministry by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEORGE FOX UNIVERSITY INNER HEALING AND DELIVERANCE AS AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF THE DISCIPLESHIP STRUCTURE OF THE LOCAL CHURCH A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF PORTLAND SEMINARY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF MINISTRY BY JOHNATHAN LEE SHOO CHIANG PORTLAND, OREGON OCTOBER 2017 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL DMIN DISSERTATION This is to certify that the DMIN Dissertation of Johnathan Lee Shoo Chiang Has been approved by The Dissertation Committee on October 6, 2017 For the degree of Doctor of Ministry in Leadership and Spiritual Formation Dissertation Committee: Primary Advisor: Dr. Leah Payne Secondary Advisor: Dr. Mark Chironna Expert Advisor: Dr. Aida Ramos Copyright 2017© Johnathan Lee Shoo Chiang All rights reserved ii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • United Kingdom Page 1 of 6
    United Kingdom Page 1 of 6 United Kingdom International Religious Freedom Report 2005 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor The law provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice. There was no change in the status of respect for religious freedom during the period covered by this report, and government policy continued to contribute to the generally free practice of religion. The generally amicable relationship among religions in society contributed to religious freedom. Centuries-old sectarian divisions and instances of violence persisted in Northern Ireland. The U.S. Government discusses religious freedom issues with the Government as part of its overall policy to promote human rights. Section I. Religious Demography The United Kingdom has an area of 94,525 square miles, and its population in mid-2003 was approximately 59.6 million. The 2001 census for the whole of the United Kingdom reported that approximately 42 million persons (almost 72 percent of the population) identify themselves as Christians. Approximately 1.6 million (2.7 percent) identify themselves as Muslims. The next largest religious groups are Hindus (1 percent), followed by Sikhs (0.6 percent) and Jews (0.5 percent). More than 9 million (15.5 percent) of respondents stated they have no religion. The census's religion question was voluntary, and only 7.3 percent chose not to respond. Religious affiliation is not evenly distributed among ethnicities. In 2001 census data for Great Britain, approximately 70 percent of the white population described themselves as Christians. Almost 75 percent of black Caribbean respondents stated that they were Christians, as did 70 percent of black Africans.
    [Show full text]
  • Synoptic Climatology of Lake-Effect Snow Events Off the Western Great Lakes
    climate Article Synoptic Climatology of Lake-Effect Snow Events off the Western Great Lakes Jake Wiley * and Andrew Mercer Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, 75 B. S. Hood Road, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: As the mesoscale dynamics of lake-effect snow (LES) are becoming better understood, recent and ongoing research is beginning to focus on the large-scale environments conducive to LES. Synoptic-scale composites are constructed for Lake Michigan and Lake Superior LES events by employing an LES case repository for these regions within the U.S. North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data for each LES event were used to construct synoptic maps of dominant LES patterns for each lake. These maps were formulated using a previously implemented composite technique that blends principal component analysis with a k-means cluster analysis. A sample case from each resulting cluster was also selected and simulated using the Advanced Weather Research and Forecast model to obtain an example mesoscale depiction of the LES environment. The study revealed four synoptic setups for Lake Michigan and three for Lake Superior whose primary differences were discrepancies in a surface pressure dipole structure previously linked with Great Lakes LES. These subtle synoptic-scale differences suggested that while overall LES impacts were driven more by the mesoscale conditions for these lakes, synoptic-scale conditions still provided important insight into the character of LES forcing mechanisms, primarily the steering flow and air–lake thermodynamics. Keywords: lake-effect; climatology; numerical weather prediction; synoptic; mesoscale; winter weather; Great Lakes; snow Citation: Wiley, J.; Mercer, A.
    [Show full text]
  • Birmingham's Evangelical Free Churches and The
    BIRMINGHAM’S EVANGELICAL FREE CHURCHES AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR by ANDY VAIL A Thesis Submitted to The University of Birmingham For the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY School of History & Cultures College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham 2019 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This thesis demonstrates that the First World War did not have a major long-term impact on the evangelical free churches of Birmingham. Whilst many members were killed in the conflict, and local church auxiliaries were disrupted, once the participants – civil and military – returned, the work and mission of the churches mostly continued as they had before the conflict, the exception being the Adult School movement, which had been in decline prior to the conflict. It reveals impacts on local church life, including new opportunities for women amongst the Baptist and Congregational churches where they began to serve as deacons. The advent of conscription forced church members to personally face the issue as to whether as Christians they could in conscience bear arms. The conflict also speeded ecumenical co-operation nationally, in areas such as recognition of chaplains, and locally, in organising local prayer meetings and commemorations.
    [Show full text]
  • Face the Nation."
    © 2007, CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved. PLEASE CREDIT ANY QUOTES OR EXCERPTS FROM THIS CBS TELEVISION PROGRAM TO "CBS NEWS' FACE THE NATION." CBS News FACE THE NATION Sunday, November 11, 2007 GUESTS: Former Governor MIKE HUCKABEE (R-AR) 2008 Presidential Candidate Representative RON PAUL (R-TX) 2008 Presidential Candidate MODERATOR: Bob Schieffer – CBS News This is a rush transcript provided for the information and convenience of the press. Accuracy is not guaranteed. In case of doubt, please check with FACE THE NATION - CBS NEWS (202)-457-4481 Face the Nation (CBS News) - Sunday, November 11, 2007 1 BOB SCHIEFFER, host: Today on FACE THE NATION, the crisis in Pakistan and presidential candidates Mike Huckabee and Ron Paul. President PERVEZ MUSHARRAF: Thank you, sir. Good morning. Good morning. SCHIEFFER: Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf said this morning he would move up elections, but not lift the state of emergency. Will that be enough to convince opposition leader Benazir Bhutto to stop protests planned for this week? We'll go first to CBS correspondent Sheila MacVicar in Pakistan. Then we'll turn to two presidential candidates, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee and Texas Congressman Ron Paul. Developments on the campaign trail last week are suddenly causing them to be taken more seriously. Finally, I'll have the inside story, sort of, on Pat Robertson's endorsement of Rudy Giuliani. But first, the crisis in Pakistan on FACE THE NATION. Announcer: FACE THE NATION with CBS News chief Washington correspondent Bob Schieffer. And now, from CBS News in Washington, Bob Schieffer. SCHIEFFER: And good morning again.
    [Show full text]