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Análisis De Puertos

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Análisis De Puertos Análisis de Puertos Dr. Octavio Carranza Asociación Mexicana de Distribuidores de Automotores Managing Director 26/03/2018 Vertebrar Confidential 1 2 3 4 5 6 Validación de la Validación de Validación de Revisión de Revisión del capacidad de Revisión de las mejora en la captura de capacidad de la plan maestro operaciones actuales infraestructura mercado de crecimiento infraestructura actual actual (5-10 cada puerto potencial años) 26/03/2018 Vertebrar Confidential 2 Reporte sobre operación actual y empleo de información para eliminar cuellos de botella. 26/03/2018 Vertebrar Confidential 3 Flujo de Importación de Automóviles Responsable Actividad Actividad Responsable Acomodo en patio e Patio (Recinto Inicio informa de recepción Fiscalizado) al IMP, AA, AM Solicita arribo de Agencia NavieraNaviera (AN)(AN) buque 48 hrs antes Envía programa de carga y medio de transporte, Importador (IMP) Envía Manifiesto de según el plan de Agencia NavieraNaviera (AN)(AN) carga a la AM distribución al TT Y MAN Se realiza plan de Se realiza plan de Maniobristas (MAN) Aduana Marítima Maniobrista yy terminalterminal embarque entre embarque entre Transporte (TT) (AM) reciben relación de maniobristas y manifiestos de carga transporte Se cargan los autos Maniobristas (MAN) Aduana Marítima En la VUCEM1 consulta la (AM) en el transporte Transporte (TT) información de la carga ferroviario o carreterocarretero declarada por la AN Envía el Pedimento2 Agente AduanalAduanal (AA) (AA) Terminal (TR) Descarga de pagado y el conocimiento Maniobrista (MAN) automóviles yy trasladotraslado de embarque revalidado a patio por el AN 2.- Es un comprobante fiscal que demuestra que se 1 han pagado todas las contribuciones al SAT para 1.- Ventanilla Única de Comercio Exterior mercancías de exportación/importación 26/03/2018 Vertebrar Confidential 4 Responsable Actividad 1 Agente AduanalAduanal (AA) (AA) Modula el pedimento 3 con la AM.3 Patio (Recinto Permite la salida del Fiscalizado) transporte, después de validar la información Transporte pasa porpor Transporte (TT) ruta fiscal hasta aduana Revisión, Aduana según modulación Si La carga No Todo en Se detiene la está en Se detiene la Fin orden orden Carga Si 3 La modulación es el proceso por el cual se revisan todas las condiciones de la Transporte (TT) Salida del puerto Fin mercancía. Esto determinará si está sujeta a revisión 26/03/2018 Vertebrar Confidential 5 Operación de Automóviles Importación 13/01/17 Vertebrar Confidential 6 • El buque cuenta con dos rampas pero por lo general, sólo se utiliza una, qué es la trasera. • Los buques carreros son de línea Naviera. Estos cuentan con una una ruta y frecuencia establecida. Las visitas son programadas por las automotrices. • Se hace la asignación chofer-auto para tener mejor control. • Al descargar los autos hay un supervisor que toma el VIN del automóvil y revisa que no tenga daños para deslinde de responsabilidades. • Los choferes son transportados en una camioneta desde el patio hacia el interior de buque. • La vestimenta de los choferes debe resguardar la pulcritud, portan camisas de colores muy vivos o chalecos, también algunas OEM’s piden el uso de guantes. Como recomendación, sería ideal que los choferes cuenten con lentes de sol. 13/01/17 Vertebrar Confidential 7 • Los vehículos circulan a una velocidad promedio de 20 a 25 km/h con las luces intermitentes encendidas. • Al entrar al patio de almacenamiento son nuevamente revisados, para determinar que el automóvil esté en óptimas condiciones. • Dentro de los patios se le puden dar a los vehículos servicios de valor agregado como: lavado, accesorización, recubrimientos de carrocería, recubrimiento de partes contra óxido, etiquetado, etc. • Los autos son acomodados en los patios respetando un estándar de distancias para minimizar el riesgo de daño. • Una vez en el patio pueden tener reacomodos, según las especificaciones del cliente y para tener mejor manejo de los automóviles. • Los vehículos permanecen varios días en los patios, dependiendo de la logística del cliente. • Los automóviles son trasladados del muelle hacia el patio asignado. El camino debe de estar indicado con conos. 13/01/17 Vertebrar Confidential 8 • La carga del automóvil al ferrocarril es realizada por los maniobristas. • Se colocan placas puente para conectar los furgones del ferrocarril. • Una vez que los autos están en su posición, estos son trincados o fijados al piso del ferrocarril. • Se utiliza una rampa motorizada para realizar la carga. • Según las dimensiones de los automóviles el carro del ferrocarril puede ser binivel o trinivel. • El ferrocarril retira y posiciona nuevos carros en las estivas asignadas. • Una vez completado la carga los papeles y las llaves son entregadas al personal del ferrocarril. 13/01/17 Vertebrar Confidential 9 • Las madrinas, camiones para transporte de automóviles, son contratadas por las automotrices. • Las madrinas, casi en su totalidad, son de doble semiremolque. • El operador de la madrina es el encargado de subir y fijar las unidades para su transporte. • Los maniobristas llevan los autos cerca de la madrina, y entregan las llaves y los papeles. • Cuando se cargan altos volúmenes de automóviles, las compañías transportistas usan cuadrillas para agilizar la operación. 13/01/17 Vertebrar Confidential 10 • Se paga el pedimento, el cuál es un comprobante fiscal que fundamenta que todas las contribuciones al SAT para exportación/importación ya fueron cubiertas. • La modulación es el proceso para que la documentación aduanera, que ampara la mercancía de exportación o importación, pueda procesarse a través del mecanismo de selección automatizado en una aduana. El mecanismo de selección automatizada es el que • decide si la mercancía será revisada o no, en reconocimiento aduanero. • La industria automotriz, tiene un porcentaje bajo de reconocimientos aduaneros (en general no supera el 3%). Considera factores de riesgo para el reconocimento como: tipo de mercancías, valor, orígen, importador, agente aduanal. 13/01/17 Vertebrar Confidential 11 El operador lee en un El sistema, porpor medio medio scanner, a la entrada de de un algoritmo, hace Inicio la aduana, un código que la selección está en el pedimento. automatizada Procedimiento 1er El sistema administrativo Reconocimiento Desaduanamiento muestra el Desaduanamiento en materia RevisiónRevisión Física Libre resultado aduanera DocumentalDocumental Se libera la Se libera la Fin Mecanismo mercancía de Selección Automatizada Procedimiento 2º Reconocimiento administrativo Desaduanamiento Revisión por en materia Libre aduanera Dictaminador 26/03/2018 Vertebrar Confidential 12 Flujo de Exportación de Automóviles Responsable Actividad Actividad Responsable Recibe Art. 23 y Patio (Recinto Inicio programa arriboarribo dede Fiscalizado RF) unidades. Armadora sube las Armadora unidades desde su patio. Recibe las unidades. Patio Corrobora lo real con la Maniobrista Registra loslos VINsVINs de de información enviada. Armadora las unidades que serán enviadas. Genera los trámites Agente AduanalAduanal (AA) (AA) documentales del Armadora Asocia los VINs a las madrinas o furgones que los despacho (Art 35, 36, 37) transportan. Los envía a Transportistas y AA. Envía al RF pedimento Agente AduanalAduanal (AA) (AA) pagado. Transporte (TT) Transportista envía información de la unidad,unidad, Modula el pedimento con chofer y mercancía que Agente AduanalAduanal (AA) (AA) lleva a AA. la AM. Genera AnexoAnexo 29 29 Agencia AduanalAduanal (AA) (AA) para ingreso a puerto, Paga los servicios de lo presenta a AM y Muellaje y Agente AduanalAduanal (AA) (AA) RF. Almacenamiento 1 26/03/2018 Vertebrar Confidential 13 Responsable Actividad 1 Agente AduanalAduanal (AA) (AA) Valida pagos de servicios y pedimento. Libera y valida Patio (Recinto pedimentos, confirma Fiscalizado RF) con Agente Aduanal y maniobrista Agencia Naviera Realiza el manifiesto de carga Los recintos fiscales son aquellos lugares en donde las autoridades aduaneras realizan indistintamente las funciones de manejo, Realiza el plan de almacenaje, custodia, carga y descarga de las Maniobrista carga de las unidades mercancías de comercio exterior, fiscalización, al buque así como el despacho aduanero de las mismas. El Recinto Fiscalizado es un lugar administrado por particulares dónde el SAT otorga concesión Avisa al RFRF cuandocuando sese Maniobrista haya concluido el para que los particulares presten los servicios de embarque. manejo, almacenaje y custodia de mercancías, en inmuebles ubicados dentro de los recintos fiscales. Avisa a Aduana y Recinto Fiscalizado Puerto salida de las unidades Fin 26/03/2018 Vertebrar Confidential 14 Operación de Automóviles Exportación 13/01/17 Vertebrar Confidential 15 El agente aduanal tramita el anexo El agente Aduanal tramita el artículo 29, es un documento que indica el 23 junto con los anexos, esto para tipo de carga, destino y medio de que se pueda hacer un depósito en transporte de entrada al puerto. recintos fiscalizados, es decir, que puedan ingresar y permanecer las Se tramita un anexo por destino y por unidades en un patio de transporte. Si una madrina lleva autos almacenamiento. para 3 destinos, el operador deberá contar con 3 documentos. Una vez que se tengan los autos listos para embarcarse, el agente La API realiza una revisión de aduanal pagará el pedimento. documentos, verifica con el recinto si la madrina y ferrocarril son esperados. 13/01/17 Vertebrar Confidential 16 • Los automóviles son descargados • Los automóviles son por el operador de la madrina en descargados por
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