Madhya Pradesh on India’s Map History and geography of Madhya Pradesh Emblem of Madhya Pradesh Armiger The Government of Madhya Pradesh Blazon Lion Capital of Ashoka, Banyan tree Supporters Wheat, Rice Other elements Lotus petals The emblem is a circular seal depicting the Lion Capital of Ashoka in front of a banyan tree. The Lion Capital and tree are supported by stalks of wheat and rice and the whole emblem is surrounded by 24 lotus petals State symbols of Madhya Pradesh Title Symbol Image State animal Barasingha(Rucervus duvaucelii) Indian paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone State bird paradisi) State tree banyan tree (ficus bengalensis) State fish Mahasheer (Tor tor) State Flower Madonna lily (Lilium candidum) History of Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh is situated in the central region of India and that’s why it is called the Heartland State. It has the largest reserves of diamond and copper in India as Madhya Pradesh is rich in mineral resources. It came into existence in 1956. It experiences sub-tropical climate. Hot dry summer is from April to June and Monsoon Rains are from July to September. There are all total 52 districts present in Madhya Pradesh. It has 92% of Hindus and around and the remaining 8% are Muslim, Jain, Christian, Sikhs and Buddhists. It is bounded by the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the southwest, and Rajasthan to the northwest. The capital is Bhopal, in the west-central part of the state. Area 236,286 sq.km Population 72,597,565 (2011 census) Principal official Language Hindi Climate Summer - March to June (Max. Temp. 45 deg. C) Winter - Nov. to Feb. (Min. Temp 5 deg. C) Capital Bhopal Members of Lok Sabha 29 Legislature Unicameral Airports Bhopal, Indore, Gwalior, Khajuraho, Jabalpur Major Cities Indore (largest city),Bhopal,Jabalpur,Gwalior,Ujjain,Sagar. Festivals Khajuraho Festival of Dance, Tansen Music Festival, Gwalior,Shivratri Mela, Pachmarhi,Navratri Festival(Ujjain), Malwa Utsava Ujjain and Indore Economy Size US$ 85 billion), 70% of total working population depends on agriculture sector. Literacy 69.72% Districts 51 Sex Ratio (as per 2011 census) 931 per thousand Principal Folk Dances Matki, Gangaur,Badhai,Baredi, Naurata, Bhagoria Principal Rivers Narmada, Betwa, Tapti, Chambal, Sone, Mahanadi, Shipra, Sindh and Indravati Principal Minerals The state has the largest reserves of diamond and copper in India. Other major mineral reserves include those of coal, coal- bed methane, manganese and dolomite. Tourist & Historical Places Khajuraho, Mandu, Chachai Falls, Bhimbetka,Sanchi, Gwalior, Panchmadhi, Chanderi,Orchha,Caves Of Bagh,Omkareshwar,Maheshwar,Ujjain, Amarkantak Country India Region Malwa, Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand, Nimar, Mahakoshal and Gird (Gird region also includes Chambal division) Formation 1 November 1956 Capital Bhopal Largest city Indore Divisions •Bhopal division •Chambal division •Gwalior division •Indore division •Jabalpur division •Narmadapuram division •Rewa division •Sagar division •Shahdol division •Ujjain division The history of the Indian state Madhya Pradesh is divided into three periods - the ancient period, the medieval period and the modern period. During the ancient period, the region was dominated by the Nanda Empire, the Maurya Empire, and the Gupta Empire. The medieval period saw the rise of Rajput clans including the Paramara and Chandela clans, the latter is known for constructing the temples of Khajuraho. The Malwa Sultanate also ruled during this period. The modern period in Madhya Pradesh saw the rise of the Mughal and Maratha empires, and later, the British Empire. The British princely states of Gwalior, Indore, and Bhopal, were a part of modern Madhya Pradesh. The British rule continued until the middle of the 20th century, when India gained independence in 1947. The state of Madhya Pradesh was formed in 1956, and Chhattisgarh was carved out from the state in 2000. The rock shelters of The Sanchi Stupa The Udayagiri Rupmati Pavilion Bhimbetka exhibit at Sanchi, Madhya Caves date back to at Mandu, built the earliest traces of Pradesh built by the fifth century CE during the 15th human life on emperor Ashoka in century CE the Indian the third century subcontinent. BCE The Bhojeshwar The Gwalior Fort at Gwalior was Temple in Bhojpur bu Javari Temple at Khajuraho. The expanded by several dynasties temples at Khajuraho were built ilt by the Raja Bhoj. during the medieval and early by the Chandela kingdom in the modern periods. 10th and 11th centuries. Four sites in Madhya Pradesh have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO: the Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986) including Devi Jagadambi temple, Khajuraho, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989) and the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka(2003). Other architecturally significant or scenic sites include Ajaigarh, Amarkantak, Asirgarh, Bandhavgarh, Bawangaja, Bhopal, Vidis ha, Chanderi, Chitrakuta, Dhar, Gwalior, Indore, Nemavar, Jabalpur, Burhanpur, Maheshwar, Mandleshwar, Mandu, Omkareshwar, Orchha, Pachmarhi, Shivpuri, Sonagiri, Mandla and Ujjain. Geography of Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh literally means “Central Province”, and is located in the geographic heart of India, between latitude 21°04’N-26.87°N and longitude 74°02′-82°49′ E. The state with an area of 3, 08, 000 sq.km. is the second largest state in India after Rajasthan. It is a part of peninsular plateau of India lying in north central part, whose boundary can be classified in the north by the plains of Ganga-Yamuna, in the west by the Aravali, east by the Chhattisgarh plain and in the south by the Tapti valley and the plateau of Maharashtra.The state straddles the Narmada River, which runs east and west between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges; these ranges and the Narmada are the traditional boundary between the north and south of India. The state is bordered on the west by Gujarat, on the northwest by Rajasthan, on the northeast by Uttar Pradesh, on the east by Chhattisgarh, and on the south by Maharashtra. Agriculture Agriculture is the mainstay of State's economy as 74.73 per cent of the people are rural. As much as 49 per cent of the land area is cultivable. The net sown area during 2010-11 was estimated at about 2,08,36,000 ha. (both Rabi and Kharif). The food grain production was 171.77 lakh metric tones. The productivity of major crops like wheat, rice, pulses has also been good. Industry and Minerals Madhya Pradesh has entered the era of high-tech industries such as electronics, telecommunications, automobiles, Information Technology, etc. The State produces optical fibre for telecommunication needs. A large number of automobile industries have been established at Pithampur near Indore. Prominent industries in the public sector in the state are Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. at Bhopal, Secruity paper mill at Hoshangabad, Bank Note Press at Dewas, newsprint factory at Nepanagar and Alkaloid factory at Neemuch and Oman Bina Refinery at Agasod near Bina in Sagar district. Madhya Pradesh is a mineral rich State. The state produced minerals worth Rs.1590.46 crore in the year 2009-10. It produces 21 types of minerals. The output of minerals in 2008-09 was dolomite 1.98 lakh metric tones, diamond 16810 carats, limestone 285.43 lakh metric tonnes, bauxite 10.10 lakh metric tones and copper are 19.32 lakh metric tonnes. The coal production was 728.72 lakh metric tonnes. The State is famous for its traditional handicrafts and handloom cloth manufactured in Chanderi and Maheshwar. Government • Body Government of Madhya Pradesh • Governor Anandiben Patel [2][3] (additional charge) [4] • Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan (BJP) • Legislature Unicameral (230 seats) • Parliamentary constituency •Lok Sabha (29 seats) •Rajya Sabha (11 seats) • High Court Madhya Pradesh High Court Area 2 • State 308,245 km (119,014 sq mi) Area rank 2nd [5] Population (2011) • State 72,626,809 • Rank 5th 2 • Density 240/km (610/sq mi) • Urban 20,059,666 • Rural 52,537,899 Agro climatic zones The state has been divided into following regions or zones depending upon the physical features: •Kaimur Plateau and Satpura Hills •Vindhyanchal Plateau (Hills) •Narmada Sone valley •Wainganga valley •Gird (Gwalior) Region •Bundelkhand Region •Satpura Plateau (Hills) •Malwa Plateau •Nimar Plateau •Jhabua Hills Climate Like most of north India,Madhya Pradesh has a subtropical climate. It has a hot dry summer (April–June), followed by monsoon rains (July– September) and a cool and relatively dry winter. The average rainfall is about 1,370 mm (53.9 in). It decreases from west to east because monsoon wind moves from west to east and drained clouds in western part takes less quantity of water vapours with them to eastern part. The south-western districts have the heaviest rainfall, some places receiving as much as 2,150 mm (84.6 in), while the western and north-western districts receive 1,000 mm (39.4 in) or less. According to the 2011 census figures, the recorded forest area of the state is 94,689 km2 (36,560 sq mi) constituting 30.72% of the geographical area of the state. It constitutes 12.30% of the forest area of India. Legally this area has been classified into “Reserved Forest” (65.3%), “Protected Forest” (32.84%) and “Unclassified Forest” (0.18%). Per capita forest area is 2,400 m2 (0.59 acre) as against the national average of 700 m2 (0.17 acre). The forest cover is less dense in the northern and western parts of the state, which contain the major urban centers. Variability in climatic brings about significant difference in the forest types of the state. The major types of soils found in the state are: • Black Soil, most predominantly in malwa region • Red and yellow soil, in Baghelkhand region • Alluvial Soil, in Northern Madhya Pradesh • Laterite Soil, in highland areas • Mixed Soil, in parts of Gwalior and Chambal division Flora and Fauna Flora and fauna of Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh is home to ten National Parks; Bandhavgarh National Park, Kanha National Park, Satpura National Park, Sanjay National Park, Madhav National Park, Van Vihar National Park, Mandla Plant Fossils National Park, Panna National Park, Pench National Park and Dinosaur National Park, Dhar.