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Investigations on the Gray Snapper, Lutjanus Griseus

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Investigations on the Gray Snapper, Lutjanus Griseus Investigations on the Gray Snapper, Lutjanus griseus Walter A. Starck II and Robert E. Schroede SEDAR51-RD-23 April 2016 University of Miami Scholarly Repository Studies in Tropical Oceanography University of Miami Press 1971 Investigations on the Gray Snapper, Lutjanus griseus Walter A. Starck II Robert E. Schroeder Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/trop_ocean Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons, Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Recommended Citation Starck, Walter A. II and Schroeder, Robert E., "Investigations on the Gray Snapper, Lutjanus griseus" (1971). Studies in Tropical Oceanography. Book 10. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/trop_ocean/10 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Miami Press at Scholarly Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studies in Tropical Oceanography by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Studies ia Tropical Oceanogsaphy No. 10 UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI PRES Coral Gobles, Florida INVESTIGATIONS on the GRAY SNAPPER, Lutjanus griseus STUDIES IN TROPICAL OCEANOGRAPHY No. 1 Systematics and Life History of the Great Barracuda, Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum) By Donald P. de Sylva No. 2 Distribution and Relative Abundance of Billfishes (Istiophoridae) of the Pacific Ocean By John K. Howard and Shoji Ueyanagi No. 3 Index to the Genera, Subgenera, and Sections of the Pyrrhophyta By Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr. and Alfred R. Loeblich, III No. 4 The R /V Pillsbury Deep-Sea Biological Expedition to the Gulf of Guinea, 1964-1965 (Parts 1 and 2) No. 5 Proceedings of the International Conference on Tropical Oceanography, November 17-24, 1965, Miami Beach, Florida No. 6 American Opisthobranch Mollusks By Eveline Marcus and Ernst Marcus No. 7 The Systematics of Sympatric Species in West Indian Spatangoids: A Revision of the Genera Brissopsis, Plethotaenia, Paleopneustes, and Saviniaster By Richard H. Chesher No. 8 Stomatopod Crustacea of the Western Atlantic By Raymond B. Manning No. 9 Effects of Abatement of Domestic Sewage Pollution on the Benthos, Volumes of Zooplankton, and the Fouling Organisms of Biscayne Bay, Florida By J. Kneeland McNulty Studies in Tropical Oceanography No. 10 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences University of Miami INVESTIGATIONS on the GRAY SNAPPER, Lutjanus griseus by WALTER A. STARCK, II and ROBERT E. SCHROEDER 0 ? UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI PRESS Coral Gables, Florida This volume may be referred to as Stud. trop. Oceanogr. Miami 10: 224 pg., 44 figs., November, 1970 Editorial Committee for this volume: C. Richard Robins W. Henry Leigh Donald P. de Sylva Copyright © 1971 by University of Miami Press Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 70-125664 ISBN 0-87024-181-8 All rights reserved, including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by any elec­ tronic or mechanical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Manufactured in the United States of America Contents Figures 7 Tables 9 Biology of the Gray Snapper, Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus), in the Florida Keys, by Walter A. Starck, II 11 Acknowledgments 13 Introduction 15 1. Relationships; Nomenclature; Economic Value; Geographic Range 17 2. Habitat; Tolerance to Temperature and Salinity; Predators; Parasites, Diseases, and Malformations; Abundance 24 3. Color Pattern; Age and Growth; Morphology 40 4. Food and Feeding; Reproduction; Behavior 85 5. Discussion; Summary of Life History: Management Recommenda­ tions; Conclusions 131 Abstract 140 Bibliography 142 Ecology of the Intestinal Trematodes of the Gray Snapper, Lutjanus griseus; Near Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida, With a Description of a New Species, by Robert E. Schroeder 151 Introduction 153 1. Materials and Methods; Collection Stations 159 2. The Definitive Host; Intestinal Trematodes of Lutjanus griseus 168 6 Contents 3. Intermediate Hosts of Trematodes 208 Summary 216 Abstract 218 Bibliography 219 Index to Biology of the Gray Snapper 222 Index to Ecology of Intestinal Trematodes of the Gray Snapper 223 Figures Biology of the Gray Snapper, by Walter A. Starck, II 1. Catches of gray snappers for various Florida counties 20 2. Commercial landings of gray snappers in Florida 21 3. Length frequencies of gray snappers from Florida habitats 26 4. Gray snapper with large tumor 38 5. Map of area around Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida 39 6. Color pattern of the gray snapper 42 7. Scales from a specimen of Lutjanus griseus 50 8. Frequency distribution of marginal increment of scales 51 9. Relationship between temperature and marginal increment of scales 53 10. Anterior radius of scales vs. standard length 55 11. Frequency histograms of standard length 59 12. Mean standard lengths at various ages 60 13. Relationship between fork length and standard length 61 14. Tagged gray snapper 65 15. Gray snapper and cubera 67 16. Length-weight relationship of Lutjanus griseus 68 17. Length-weight relationship (using cube root of weight) 69 18. Juvenile gray snappers of various sizes 71 19. Body depth and pectoral and pelvic fin length vs. standard length 72 20. Length of spines and rays vs. standard length 77 21. Head, snout, orbit, and jaw lengths vs. standard length 78 22. Jaw dentition of five inshore lutjanids 80 23. Exploded view of dentition 81 8 Figures 24. Stomach contents by mean percent of volume 99 25. Stomach contents of various sized gray snappers 101 26. Size of food items eaten 102 27. Food in stomachs of snappers taken at various times of day 106 28. Lengths and weights of state IV and spent gonads of snappers from Alligator Reef 118 29. Lengths and weights of state IV and spent gonads of snappers from Alligator Lighthouse 119 30. Length frequency of small gray snappers in collections of the Institute of Marine Sciences 121 31. Mixed school at Alligator Lighthouse 123 32. Recovery areas of tagged gray snappers leaving Alligator Light­ house area 126 Ecology of Intestinal Trematodes of the Gray Snapper, by Robert E. Schroeder 1. Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus) 153 2. Map of Lower Matecumbe Key and collection areas 166 3. Percentages of infected snappers at Alligator Lighthouse and Alligator Ledge Stations 173 4. Percentages of infected snappers at Lignumvitae Channel Wreck and Indian Key Stations 175 5. Percentages of infected snappers at Lignumvitae Key and Mate­ cumbe Canal Stations 177 6. Percentages of infected snappers at Pederson Slough and Twin Keys Cut Stations 179 7. Percentages of snappers infected with Metadena adglobosa, M. globosa, and Paraery ptogonimus neoamericanus (various stations) 180 8. Drawings of Metadena adglobosa, M. globosa, and Paraery pto­ gonimus neoamericanus 184 9. Percentage of snappers infected with Hamacreadium mutaftile, Helicometrina nimia, and Stephanostomum casum (various stations) 188 10. Drawings of Hamacreadium mutabile, Helicometrina nimia, Heli- cometra execta, and Hamacreadium gulella 193 11. Drawings of Metadena obscura and the sagittal sections of the anterior halves of Metadena adglobosa and M. obscura 198 12. Drawings of Stephanostomum casum, cecaria of Metadena adglo­ bosa and larval stages of Hamacreadium gulella 213 Tables Biology of the Gray Snapper, by Walter A. Starck, II 1. Collections of juvenile gray snappers 28 2. Observed and calculated mean fork lengths 49 3. Surf temperatures at Miami Beach 54 4. Recoveries of tagged gray snappers 56 5. Morphometric data on eight common inshore lutjanids 74 6. Collections of gray snappers used for stomach content analysis 88 7. Stomach contents in mean percent of food volume 90 8. Stomach contents of snappers near Lower Matecumbe Key 92 9. Stomach contents of snappers from Lignumvitae Channel 94 10. Stomach contents of all snappers from grass beds and from inshore areas 94 11. Stomach contents of snappers from Alligator Reef 96 12. Stomach contents from all snappers examined 104 13. Comparison of stomach contents of snappers and trawl catches 110 14. Gonad state and sex of gray snappers 115 Ecology of Intestinal Trematodes of the Gray Snapper, by Robert E. Schroeder 1. Numbers of gray snappers taken at each South Florida station 163 2. Intestinal trematodes of gray snappers 170 3. Key to the number of trematodes of each species found in the gray snapper 170 4. Gray snapper lengths and standard deviations by month 171 10 Tables 5. Percentages of males and females infected with four species of trematodes 172 6. Percentages of snappers infected with Metadena adglobosa 181 7. Percentages of snappers infected with Metadena globosa 185 8. Percentages of snappers infected with Paraeryptogonimus neo- americanus 187 9. Percentages of snappers infected with Hamacreadium mutabile 190 10. Percentages of snappers infected with Stephanostomum casum 197 11. Percentages of snappers infected with various trematodes 200 12. Correlation between incidence of various trematodes and inci­ dence of heavy infections with these trematodes 202 Contribution No. 1205 from the University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Biology of the Gray Snapper, Lutjanus griseus (Linneaus), in the Florida Keys by WALTER A. STARCK, II Acknowledgments This study was originally made in partial fulfillment of the dissertation requirements
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