DOCSLIB.ORG

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
St. Vincent and the Grenadines Grids & Datums Saint Vincent and the Grenadines By Clifford J. Mugnier, C.P., C.M.S. The cannibal warrior Carïbs arrived in Saint in 1946 by the Hydrographic Service of isting survey control marks previously set Vincent around the 14th century, and they the British Admiralty on 04 December. The by the Lands and Surveys Department strongly resisted colonial settlers until the coordinates of Fort Charlotte (V.1) are Φo (L&SD), and I was successful in obtaining th 18 century. Christopher Columbus prob- = 13º 09' 24" N and Λo = 61º 14' 43" West of the classical St. Vincent Datum of 1946 coor- ably sighted the island on 22 January 1498 Greenwich, the reference azimuth from “V. dinates of four of the six points collocated (St. Vincent’s Day). In 1673 the first African 1” to “V. 3” is αo = 107º 30' 13.42", the el- with GPS observations. Unfortunately, I do slaves were shipwrecked in the Grenadines, evation of “V.2” is: Ho = 370.36 feet, and the not have a record of who it was that sent the but they managed to get to St. Vincent, in- baseline length (measured in 1945 by the information to me on official L&SD statio- termarry with the Carïbs, and became known Royal Engineers [R.E.] by catenary) from nery. I ran a solution for the three param- as the “Black Carïbs.” In 1795 the Carïbs un- “V.30” to “V.32” is 2,347.504 m. (Invar tapes eters of geocentric translation for those four successfully rose in revolt against the Brit- or wires were commonly calibrated for a points; two were listed as First Order and ish, and 5,000 or more of them were de- standard length by being supported only at two were listed as Second Order. The re- ported to Roatan Island off the coast of Hon- the ends of the tape or wire with a specific sultant relation I derived from the St. Vincent duras. The hurricane of 1898 and the volca- tension, thus the sag formed a catenary Datum of 1946 to WGS 84 is ∆X = +196 m, nic eruption of 1902 were disastrous to the curve). The reference ellipsoid is the Clarke ∆Y = +332 m, and ∆Z = +275 m. I estimate economy. In 1958 Saint Vincent joined the 1880 where: a = 6,378,249.136 m, and 1/f the horizontal accuracy to be good to about West Indies Federation, it received a new = 293.46631, the same parameters as for 1 meter for the island of Saint Vincent. Be- constitution in 1960, and it became a state Jamaica (PE&RS, May 2003). Courtesy of the cause I had zero data on collocated points on in association with the United Kingdom U.K. Military Survey, “The height of V.2 was any of the other islands, my guess is that the (PE&RS, October 2003) in 1969. Indepen- established by the R.E. party by leveling three-parameter shift values listed above are “Some of the smaller islands are privately owned - probably not by retired cartographers.” dence for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from a Bench Mark on a step of the Aquatic likely good to no more than a few meters for was achieved on 27 October 1979. Encyclo- Club, Kingstown; the height of the Bench the remainder of the islands to the south pedia Britannica says, “In 1979 the Soufrière Mark was established by the R.E. party from because of the usually superb quality of work volcano (1,234 m) erupted once again, dam- mean tide gauge reading taken over a pe- produced by the Royal Engineers. Thanks to aging agriculture and the tourist trade. Hur- riod of four months.” (Note that a Metonic Dave Doyle of NGS for the NAD83 coordi- ricane Allen virtually wiped out the all-im- cycle is 18.67 years! – Ed.) nates of Saint Vincent. portant banana crop in 1980.” The coordinate system used by the Lands Ô Slightly less than twice the size of Wash- and Surveys Department of Saint Vincent Cliff Mugnier teaches Surveying, Geodesy, ington, D.C., there are 32 Grenadine islands and the Grenadines is the British West Indies and Photogrammetry at Louisiana State Uni- and cays, of which the largest are Bequia, (BWI) Grid which is based on the Transverse versity. He is the Chief of Geodesy at LSU’s Mustique, Canouan, and Union. Of a total Mercator projection where the Central Me- Center for GeoInformatics (Dept. of Civil and 389 km2, the area of Saint Vincent is 344 ridian λ = 62º W, the Scale Factor at Origin o Environmental Engineering), and his geo- km2. Some of the smaller islands are pri- m = 1999/2000 = 0.9995, and the False o detic research is mainly in the subsidence of vately owned – probably not by retired car- Easting is 400 km. Note that the unit of mea- Louisiana and in Grids and Datums of the tographers. Part of the Windward Islands, surement for this BWI Grid is the meter world. He is a Board-certified Photogram- the name dates back to the 18th century when where 1 meter = 3.2828456 feet. The strange metrist and Mapping Scientist (GIS/LIS), and English ships bound for Jamaica followed the conversion factor is likely due to an earlier he has extensive experience in the practice trade-wind passage, and stopped at islands colonial length standard that was used for of Forensic Photogrammetry. along the way. The islands constitute a north- property surveys; a common quirk of old south chain in the southern section of the British Colonies throughout the world. The contents of this column reflect the views of the Lesser Antilles and share a volcanic rock for- In 1996, the United States National Geo- author, who is responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not neces- mation. detic Survey (NGS) performed a GPS survey sarily reflect the official views or policies of the Ameri- The earliest geodetic survey of Saint of selected points on the island of Saint can Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Vincent was of Fort Charlotte (lighthouse) Vincent. The NGS occupied a number of ex- and/or the Louisiana State University Center for GeoInformatics (C4G). 172 February 2004 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines INTRODUCTION located on Saint Vincent, Bequia, Canouan, Mustique, and Union Island. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a multi-island Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, like most of state in the Eastern Caribbean. The islands have a the English-speaking Caribbean, has a British combined land area of 389 km2. Saint Vincent, with colonial past. The country gained independence in an area of 344 km2, is the largest island (1). The 1979, but continues to operate under a Westminster- Grenadines include 7 inhabited islands and 23 style parliamentary democracy. It is politically stable uninhabited cays and islets. All the islands are and elections are held every five years, the most accessible by sea transport. Airport facilities are recent in December 2010. Christianity is the Health in the Americas, 2012 Edition: Country Volume N ’ Pan American Health Organization, 2012 HEALTH IN THE AMERICAS, 2012 N COUNTRY VOLUME dominant religion, and the official language is fairly constant at 2.1–2.2 per woman. The crude English (1). death rate also remained constant at between 70 and In 2001 the population of Saint Vincent and 80 per 10,000 population (4). Saint Vincent and the the Grenadines was 102,631. In 2006, the estimated Grenadines has experienced fluctuations in its population was 100,271 and in 2009, it was 101,016, population over the past 20 years as a result of a decrease of 1,615 (1.6%) with respect to 2001. The emigration. According to the CIA World Factbook, sex distribution of the population in 2009 was almost the net migration rate in 2008 was estimated at 7.56 even, with males accounting for 50.5% (50,983) and migrants per 1,000 population (5).
    [Show full text]
  • GRIIS Records of Verified Introduced and Invasive Species
    Evidence Verification Species Authority Country Kingdom Environment/System Origin of Impacts Date Source (Y/N) (Y/N) Saint Vincent and the CAB International (2014). CABI Invasive Abrus precatorius L. Plantae terrestrial Alien No Yes 2017 Grenadines Species Compendium (ISC). Saint Vincent and the CAB International (2014). CABI Invasive Acacia auriculiformis Benth. Plantae terrestrial Alien No Yes 2017 Grenadines Species Compendium (ISC). Invasive Species Specialist Group (2015). Saint Vincent and the Global Invasive Species Database. Adenanthera pavonina L. Plantae terrestrial Alien No Yes 2017 Grenadines CAB International (2014). CABI Invasive Species Compendium (ISC). Saint Vincent and the Invasive Species Specialist Group (2015). Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 Animalia terrestrial/freshwater Alien No Yes 2017 Grenadines Global Invasive Species Database. Saint Vincent and the CAB International (2014). CABI Invasive Ageratum conyzoides L. Plantae terrestrial Alien No Yes 2017 Grenadines Species Compendium (ISC). Saint Vincent and the CAB International (2014). CABI Invasive Albizia procera Benth. (Roxb.) Plantae terrestrial Alien No Yes 2017 Grenadines Species Compendium (ISC). Saint Vincent and the CAB International (2014). CABI Invasive Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr. Plantae terrestrial Alien No Yes 2017 Grenadines Species Compendium (ISC). Saint Vincent and the CAB International (2014). CABI Invasive Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd. Plantae terrestrial Alien No Yes 2017 Grenadines Species Compendium (ISC). Saint Vincent and the CAB International (2014). CABI Invasive Allamanda cathartica L. Plantae terrestrial Alien No Yes 2017 Grenadines Species Compendium (ISC). Saint Vincent and the CAB International (2014). CABI Invasive Alpinia purpurata K.Schum. (Vieill.) Plantae terrestrial Alien No Yes 2017 Grenadines Species Compendium (ISC). Saint Vincent and the CAB International (2014).
    [Show full text]
  • SAINT VINCENT and the GRENADINES Pilot Program For
    SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES PPCR PHASE 1 PROPOSAL SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) PHASE ONE PROPOSAL 1 SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES PPCR PHASE 1 PROPOSAL Contents Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations .................................................................................. 5 Summary of Phase 1 Grant Proposal ................................................................................... 7 1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND....................................................................................... 10 1.1 National Overview .................................................................................................. 11 1.1.1. Country Context ......................................................................................................... 11 2.0. Vulnerability Context .................................................................................................. 14 2.1 Climate .................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.1 Precipitation ............................................................................................................... 14 2.1.2 Temperature ................................................................................................................ 15 2.1.3 Sea Level Rise ............................................................................................................. 15 2.1.4 Climate Extremes .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Chicago the Creole Archipelago
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE CREOLE ARCHIPELAGO: COLONIZATION, EXPERIMENTATION, AND COMMUNITY IN THE SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN, C. 1700-1796 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY TESSA MURPHY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MARCH 2016 Table of Contents List of Tables …iii List of Maps …iv Dissertation Abstract …v Acknowledgements …x PART I Introduction …1 1. Creating the Creole Archipelago: The Settlement of the Southern Caribbean, 1650-1760...20 PART II 2. Colonizing the Caribbean Frontier, 1763-1773 …71 3. Accommodating Local Knowledge: Experimentations and Concessions in the Southern Caribbean …115 4. Recreating the Creole Archipelago …164 PART III 5. The American Revolution and the Resurgence of the Creole Archipelago, 1774-1785 …210 6. The French Revolution and the Demise of the Creole Archipelago …251 Epilogue …290 Appendix A: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of Dominica …301 Appendix B: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of St. Vincent …310 A Note on Sources …316 Bibliography …319 ii List of Tables 1.1: Respective Populations of France’s Windward Island Colonies, 1671 & 1700 …32 1.2: Respective Populations of Martinique, Grenada, St. Lucia, Dominica, and St. Vincent c.1730 …39 1.3: Change in Reported Population of Free People of Color in Martinique, 1732-1733 …46 1.4: Increase in Reported Populations of Dominica & St. Lucia, 1730-1745 …50 1.5: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in the Lesser Antilles, 1626-1762 …57 1.6: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in Jamaica & Saint-Domingue, 1526-1762 …58 2.1: Reported Populations of the Ceded Islands c.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Projects- Stewardfish Microgrants Scheme for Caribbean Fisherfolk Organisations
    List of projects- StewardFish Microgrants Scheme for Caribbean Fisherfolk Organisations On July 1, 2020 CANARI launched the call for applications for the USD20,000 StewardFish Microgrants Scheme for Caribbean Fisherfolk Organisations. The overall goal of the microgrant scheme is to provide support to Caribbean fisherfolk organisations for organisational strengthening initiatives that will enhance their capacity to participate in coastal and marine resources governance and management, including ecosystem stewardship. The call targeted the following five fisherfolk organisations participating in StewardFish: 1. Barbuda Fisherfolk Association – Antigua and Barbuda 2. Barbados National Union of Fisherfolk Organisations (BARNUFO) – Barbados 3. Guyana National Fisherfolk Organisation (GNFO)- Guyana 4. Saint Lucia Fisherfolk Cooperative Society Limited – Saint Lucia 5. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines National Fisherfolks Co-Operative Limited (SVGNFO) – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Each of the targeted fisherfolk organisations successfully submitted proposals to the microgrant scheme and were each awarded a USD4,000 microgrant for their projects which will run from November 2020 to April 2021. Table 1: List of StewardFish fisherfolk organisational strengthening projects Fisherfolk organisation Project title Project goal Barbados National iFish: Piloting an online To promote organisational strengthening Union of Fisherfolk platform for of BARNUFO to effectively mobilise Organizations organisational resources and build the capacity of its (BARNUFO)
    [Show full text]
  • Deployment of an AWAC Off the East Coast of St Vincent, 2018-2019 Judith Wolf, Giles Williams and James Ayliffe
    National Oceanography Centre Research & Consultancy Report No. 69 Deployment of an AWAC off the east coast of St Vincent, 2018-2019 Judith Wolf, Giles Williams and James Ayliffe October 2019 This report is part of the NOC-led project “Climate Change Impact Assessment: Ocean Modelling and Monitoring for the Caribbean CME states”, 2018-2019; under the Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme in the Caribbean. National Oceanography Centre Joseph Proudman Building 6 Brownlow St Liverpool L3 5DA UK email: [email protected] 1 2 Table of Contents Summary .............................................................................................................................. 5 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Background, aim and objectives of the study .......................................................... 7 1.2 Study Area – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ..................................................... 7 1.3 Oceanographic description of the study area .......................................................... 9 2 Purchase of a wave gauge for St Vincent and Grenadines .......................................... 10 3 AWAC deployment ....................................................................................................... 11 3.1 July-October 2018................................................................................................. 14 3.2 January-March 2019 ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting the Managua Challenge National
    Meeting The Managua Challenge In November 2000, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) challenged governments of the Americas to accelerate their destruction of stockpiled antipersonnel mines ahead of the September 2001 meeting of States Parties to the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty, which will be held in Managua, Nicaragua. It also urged the remaining signatories and non- signatories to fully join the treaty by September 2001 and for all States Parties to submit their initial transparency reports as required under Article 7 of the ban treaty. An update on this Managua Challenge shows significant progress made by many countries since November 2000 to meet the Challenge: Three signatories ratified: Chile, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Uruguay. Three States Parties have completed stockpile destruction: Ecuador, Honduras, and Peru. Argentina, Chile, Nicaragua, and Uruguay destroyed some stockpiled mines. Six more States Parties have submitted their initial transparency reports:Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Paraguay. Two States Parties enacted national implementation legislation in 2001:Brazil and Trinidad and Tobago. One States Party will reduce the number of antipersonnel mines retained for training and development, as permitted under the Article 3 of the treaty: Peru will reduce the number from 9,526 to 5,578. Thirty of the thirty-five countries in the Americas region are State Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty. Since November 2000, there have been three ratifications: Uruguay (7 June 2001), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1 August 2001), and Chile (10 September 2001). Three remaining signatories that have not ratified: Guyana, Haiti, and Suriname. Cuba and the United States remain the only two countries in the region that have not joined the Mine Ban Treaty.
    [Show full text]
  • On Leaving and Joining Africanness Through Religion: the 'Black Caribs' Across Multiple Diasporic Horizons
    Journal of Religion in Africa 37 (2007) 174-211 www.brill.nl/jra On Leaving and Joining Africanness Th rough Religion: Th e ‘Black Caribs’ Across Multiple Diasporic Horizons Paul Christopher Johnson University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Center for Afroamerican and African Studies, 505 S. State St./4700 Haven, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1045, USA [email protected] Abstract Garifuna religion is derived from a confluence of Amerindian, African and European anteced- ents. For the Garifuna in Central America, the spatial focus of authentic religious practice has for over two centuries been that of their former homeland and site of ethnogenesis, the island of St Vincent. It is from St Vincent that the ancestors return, through spirit possession, to join with their living descendants in ritual events. During the last generation, about a third of the population migrated to the US, especially to New York City. Th is departure created a new dia- sporic horizon, as the Central American villages left behind now acquired their own aura of ancestral fidelity and religious power. Yet New-York-based Garifuna are now giving attention to the African components of their story of origin, to a degree that has not occurred in homeland villages of Honduras. Th is essay considers the notion of ‘leaving’ and ‘joining’ the African diaspora by examining religious components of Garifuna social formation on St Vincent, the deportation to Central America, and contemporary processes of Africanization being initiated in New York. Keywords Garifuna, Black Carib, religion, diaspora, migration Introduction Not all religions, or families of religions, are of the diasporic kind.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines National
    Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants The Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Transformation, Forestry, Fisheries &Industry, & The Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment. Implementing the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0 National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Published 2015 Prepared by the Government of St Vincent and the Grenadines As part of its obligation under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic pollutants National Focal Point Ministry of Health Wellness and the Environment Ministerial Building Kingstown Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………………...............4 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………………………5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY …………………………………………………………….............7 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................11 1.1 History of Convention...................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Purpose and Structure of the NIP ...................................................................................13 1.3 Summary of POPs Issue .............................................................................................14 2.0 COUNTRY BASELINE .............................................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • St Vincent & the Grenadines
    St Vincent & the Grenadines RISK & COMPLIANCE REPORT DATE: May 2017 KNOWYOURCOUNTRY.COM Executive Summary - St Vincent & the Grenadines Sanctions: None FAFT list of AML No Deficient Countries US Dept of State Money Laundering Assessment Higher Risk Areas: Not on EU White list equivalent jurisdictions Offshore Finance Centre Compliance with FATF 40 + 9 Recommendations Medium Risk Areas: Weakness in Government Legislation to combat Money Laundering Corruption Index (Transparency International & W.G.I.)) Failed States Index (Political Issues)(Average Score) Major Investment Areas: Agriculture - products: bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, spices; small numbers of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats; fish Industries: tourism; food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch Exports - commodities: bananas, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch; tennis racquets Exports - partners: Trinidad and Tobago 15.2%, St. Lucia 13.5%, Turkey 12.1%, Barbados 11.2%, Dominica 8.9%, Grenada 8.5%, Antigua and Barbuda 7.6% (2012) Imports - commodities: foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels Imports - partners: Singapore 27%, Trinidad and Tobago 24.1%, US 18.3%, China 5.4%, Barbados 5.3% (2012) 1 Investment Restrictions: The Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, through Invest SVG, strongly encourages foreign direct investment in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, particularly in industries that create jobs and earn foreign currency. St. Vincent and the Grenadines is an emerging and developing investment arena. The government is pursuing investment in niche markets, particularly Tourism, International Financial Services, Agro-Processing, Light Manufacturing and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). There is a constitutional right for nationals and non-nationals to establish and own private enterprises and private property in St.
    [Show full text]
  • Resilient Housing and Affordability Assessments
    Resilient Housing and Affordability Assessments Context and Objectives The housing sector in Caribbean nations is often the most financially affected sector in the aftermath of natural disasters, such as was the case when hurricanes Maria and Irma struck the region in 2017. The vulnerabilities of the housing sector are exacerbated by increasing urbanization, which has had a major impact in Caribbean land and housing markets. The availability of quality and affordable housing has not been able to meet the demand as more people move to urban centers looking for better opportunities. The limited availability of serviced land is another significant contributor to skyrocketing costs that price out households looking for affordable housing. As a result, these households end up living in low-quality structures to meet their housing needs, making them especially vulnerable to natural disasters. This situation has created a need for a comprehensive reform of regional housing policies This Technical Assistance (TA) supports the governments of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the Dominican Republic, and Saint Lucia in undertaking such reforms through a better understanding of the links between urbanization, supply constraints, housing affordability, and the increasing vulnerability of the housing sector to natural disasters. The objective is to support each government to undertake an analysis to address the situation, and to design roadmaps for further steps based on those efforts. Main Activities Activities carried out by the TA are organized into the following three components, with some variability for each country: • Component 1: Rapid Housing Sector Assessment: This component is developed on field and desk research and through consultations with housing sector stakeholders including the government and private sector actors such as developers, builders, rental housing organizations, civil society, and microfinancing institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    Mr. President, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen: This 59 th Session of the General Assembly, coincides with the twenty-fifth anniversary of the independence of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The last quarter of a century has been a mighty challenge for the people of my country to develop in a world increasingly indifferent to the particular problems of small, poor developing states. But it is a challenge that the citizens of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines have embraced with courage, fortitude and hope - never doubting our ability to survive, thrive and ultimately prosper as we contribute to the uplifting of our unique, independent, distinctive and noble Caribbean civilisation. Thus far, our country has progressed but much more remains to be done. We look forward to succeeding in our quest for self-mastery. Mr. President, I congratulate you on your assumption of the Presidency of the 59 th Session of the General Assembly. We are confident that you will perform your duties with dignity and skill. Let me just say, Mr. President, that you do have a hard act to follow. Your predecessor, our esteemed Mr. Julian Hunte, is a distinguished son of the Caribbean, who hails from our sister island, St. Lucia. He made us proud in his stint as President of the General Assembly. Mr. President, the peoples of the Caribbean and the Southern United States are still traumatized by the devastation caused by hurricanes in this season. Jamaica, the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, Haiti, Cuba and other Caribbean countries, including my own, have been severely affected, but our nearest neighbour, Grenada, has suffered cataclysmic destruction and is now in a state of national crisis.
    [Show full text]