Deep Metazoan Phylogeny 2011 New Data, New Challenges
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Annelida: Dinophilidae) and a Molecularphylogeny Title of the Genus
Trilobodrilus itoi sp nov., with a Re-Description of T. nipponicus (Annelida: Dinophilidae) and a MolecularPhylogeny Title of the Genus Author(s) Kajihara, Hiroshi; Ikoma, Maho; Yamasaki, Hiroshi; Hiruta, Shimpei F. Zoological science, 32(4), 405-417 Citation https://doi.org/10.2108/zs140251 Issue Date 2015-08 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/62716 Type article File Information zs_32_p405-.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 32: 405–417 (2015) © 2015 Zoological Society of Japan Trilobodrilus itoi sp. nov., with a Re-Description of T. nipponicus (Annelida: Dinophilidae) and a Molecular Phylogeny of the Genus Hiroshi Kajihara1*, Maho Ikoma1, Hiroshi Yamasaki2, and Shimpei F. Hiruta1 1Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan 2Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan The marine interstitial annelid Trilobodrilus itoi sp. nov., the sixth member of the genus, is described on the basis of specimens collected intertidally at Ishikari Beach, Hokkaido, Japan; this is the sec- ond species in the genus described from the Pacific Rim. In addition, T. nipponicus Uchida and Okuda, 1943 is re-described based on fresh topotypic material from Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan. From both species, we determined sequences of the nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA genes, and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Molecular phylogenetic trees based on concatenated sequences of the three genes showed that T. i toi and T. nipponicus form a clade, which was the sister group to a clade containing the two European congeners T. -
Tropical Marine Invertebrates CAS BI 569 Phylum Echinodermata by J
Tropical Marine Invertebrates CAS BI 569 Phylum Echinodermata by J. R. Finnerty Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria Deuterostomia Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Hemichordata Onychophora Mollusca Echinodermata *Nematoda *Platyhelminthes Acoelomorpha Calcispongia Silicispongiae PROTOSTOMIA Phylum Phylum Phylum CHORDATA ECHINODERMATA HEMICHORDATA Blastopore -> anus Radial / equal cleavage Coelom forms by enterocoely ! Protostome = blastopore contributes to the mouth blastopore mouth anus ! Deuterostome = blastopore becomes anus blastopore anus mouth Halocynthia, a tunicate (Urochordata) Coelom Formation Protostomes: Schizocoely Deuterostomes: Enterocoely Enterocoely in a sea star Axocoel (protocoel) Gives rise to small portion of water vascular system. Hydrocoel (mesocoel) Gives rise to water vascular system. Somatocoel (metacoel) Gives rise to lining of adult body cavity. Echinoderm Metamorphosis ECHINODERM FEATURES Water vascular system and tube feet Pentaradial symmetry Coelom formation by enterocoely Water Vascular System Tube Foot Tube Foot Locomotion ECHINODERM DIVERSITY Crinoidea Asteroidea Ophiuroidea Holothuroidea Echinoidea “sea lilies” “sea stars” “brittle stars” “sea cucumbers” “urchins, sand dollars” Group Form & Habit Habitat Ossicles Feeding Special Characteristics Crinoids 5-200 arms, stalked epifaunal Internal skeleton suspension mouth upward; mucous & Of each arm feeders secreting glands on sessile podia Ophiuroids usually 5 thin arms, epifaunal ossicles in arms deposit feeders act and appear like vertebrae -
Tropical Marine Invertebrates CAS BI 569 Major Animal Characters Part 2 — Adult Bodyplan Features by J
Tropical Marine Invertebrates CAS BI 569 Major Animal Characters Part 2 — Adult Bodyplan Features by J. R. Finnerty Metazoan Characters Part II. Adult Body Plan Features CHARACTER states EPITHELIUM: present; absent; BODY LAYERS: diploblastic; triploblastic BODY CAVITIES: precoelomate; acoelomate; pseudocoelomate; eucoelomate; GUT: absent; blind sac; through-gut; SYMMETRY: asymmetrical; radial; bi-radial; bilateral; pentaradial SKELETON: “spicules;” “bones;” hydrostat; exoskeleton EPITHELIUM Sheet of cells that lines body cavities or covers outer body surfaces. E.g., skin, gut lining Creates extracellular compartments four key characteristics: 1.continuous — uninterrupted layer 2. intercellular junctions cell 3. polarity (apical vs. basal) 4. basal lamina (extracellular matrix on which basal cell surface rests; collagen secreted by cells) Ruppert et al., Figure 6.1 3 Body Layers (Germ Layers) Germ layers form during gastrulation ectoderm blastocoel blastocoel endoderm gut blastoderm BLASTULA blastopore 4 Diploblastic Condition Two germ layers, endoderm & ectoderm blastocoel blastocoel endoderm gut gut ectoderm ectoderm 5 Triploblastic Condition Three germ layers, endoderm, ectoderm, & mesoderm. blastocoel gut ectoderm Body Cavities I. Blastocoel the central cavity in the hollow blastula the 1st body cavity II. Archenteron “primitive gut” opens to the outside via the blastopore lined by endoderm III. Coelom cavity entirely lined by mesoderm A pseudocoelom is only partially lined by mesoderm. It may represent a persistent blastocoel. Character -
FISH310: Biology of Shellfishes
FISH310: Biology of Shellfishes Lecture Slides #3 Phylogeny and Taxonomy sorting organisms How do we classify animals? Taxonomy: naming Systematics: working out relationships among organisms Classification • All classification schemes are, in part, artificial to impose order (need to start some where using some information) – Cell number: • Acellular, One cell (_________), or More than one cell (metazoa) – Metazoa: multicellular, usu 2N, develop from blastula – Body Symmetry – Developmental Pattern (Embryology) – Evolutionary Relationship Animal Kingdom Eumetazoa: true animals Corals Anemones Parazoa: no tissues Body Symmetry • Radial symmetry • Phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora • Known as Radiata • Any cut through center ! 2 ~ “mirror” pieces • Bilateral symmetry • Other phyla • Bilateria • Cut longitudinally to achieve mirror halves • Dorsal and ventral sides • Anterior and posterior ends • Cephalization and central nervous system • Left and right sides • Asymmetry uncommon (Porifera) Form and Life Style • The symmetry of an animal generally fits its lifestyle • Sessile or planktonic organisms often have radial symmetry • Highest survival when meet the environment equally well from all sides • Actively moving animals have bilateral symmetry • Head end is usually first to encounter food, danger, and other stimuli Developmental Pattern • Metazoa divided into two groups based on number of germ layers formed during embryogenesis – differs between radiata and bilateria • Diploblastic • Triploblastic Developmental Pattern.. • Radiata are diploblastic: two germ layers • Ectoderm, becomes the outer covering and, in some phyla, the central nervous system • Endoderm lines the developing digestive tube, or archenteron, becomes the lining of the digestive tract and organs derived from it, such as the liver and lungs of vertebrates Diploblastic http://faculty.mccfl.edu/rizkf/OCE1001/Images/cnidaria1.jpg Developmental Pattern…. -
Π·¡— Πà È”°Õ„Àà ‡°Â ¥§«“¡ ¡∫‘ √≥Ÿ ¢Õß™Πå ¥¢Õߪ≈“‘ Adaptations in River Fishes Facilitate Species Richness
°“√ª√∫μ— «¢Õߪ≈“„π·¡— πà È”°Õ„Àà ‡°â ¥§«“¡ ¡∫‘ √≥Ÿ ¢Õß™πå ¥¢Õߪ≈“‘ Adaptations in River Fishes Facilitate Species Richness ‡ø¥‡¥Õ√§‘ «≈‡≈‘ ¬¡’ ‡Œπ√ ’ ∫¡’ ™‘ 1* æ™√“— π∏‘ ‚√®π‘ ¿å °¥— 2’ √ß∑ÿà æ¬‘ å ‚æ≈߇»√…∞â 2’ ·≈– ‡æ¬ß„®’ ™ππ∑√¿‘ ¡Ÿ 2‘ 1«∑¬“»“ μ√‘ å ß·«¥≈‘Ë Õ¡â §≥–«∑¬“»“ μ√‘ å ¡À“«∑¬“≈‘ ¬∫— √擟 2‚§√ß°“√∫≥±— μ»‘ °…“÷ “¢“«∑¬“»“ μ√‘ å ß·«¥≈‘Ë Õ¡â §≥–«∑¬“»“ μ√‘ å ¡À“«∑¬“≈‘ ¬∫— √擟 F.William H. Beamish1*, Patchara Nithirojpakdee2, Rungthip Plongsesthee2 and Peangchai Chanintarapoomi2 1Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 2Graduate Program, Environmental Science , Faculty of Science, Burapha University. ∫∑§¥¬— Õà ·π«§«“¡§‘¥¢Õß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ (The cooncept of environmental) °“√ª√—∫μ—«∑“ߥâ“π°“√°‘πÕ“À“√ ‡ªìπ·π«§‘¥∑’Ë¡’ §«“¡ ¡æ— π∏— ‡°å ¬«‡π’Ë Õß°◊Ë π°— ∫≈— °…≥–∑“ßø— ï‚π‰∑ª á À√Õ◊ ®’‚π‰∑ª á ´ß∂÷Ë Õ‡ª◊ π ì ß ”§‘Ë ≠∑— ™’Ë «¬„Àà â ß¡‘Ë ™’ «’ μμ‘ “ßÊà “¡“√∂¥”√ß™«’ μ·≈–‘ √—∫¡◊Õ°—∫≈—°…≥–Õ—π®”‡æ“–¢Õß·μà≈–·À≈àß∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬‰¥â¥’¢÷Èπ √«¡∑—Èß ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘μÕ◊ËπÊ ¥â«¬ ´÷Ëß®–¡’ª√–‚¬™πå„π«ß°«â“ß ”À√—∫°“√ ∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®‡°’ˬ«°—∫§«“¡™ÿ°™ÿ¡¢Õß ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘μ°—∫°“√Õ¬Ÿà√à«¡°—π¢Õß ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘μ „π ¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ª¡“Õ¬Ÿà μ≈Õ¥‡«≈“¢Õß·À≈ßπà È”„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ Õπ‡ª— π·À≈ì ß∑à Õ¬’Ë Õ“»Ÿà ¬¢Õߪ≈“— ∑”„Àª≈“μâ Õߪ√â ∫μ— «‡æ— Õ„À◊Ë ‡¢â “°â ∫§— ≥≈ÿ °…≥–∑“߇§¡— °“¬¿“æ’ Õ“®°Õ„Àà ‡°â ¥§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß ‘ ß¡‘Ë ™’ «’ μ¡“°¢‘ π÷È °“√» °…“„π§√÷ ßπ—È ®’È ß¡÷ «’ μ∂— ª√– ß§ÿ ‡æå Õ»◊Ë °…“≈÷ °…≥–∑“߇§¡— °“¬¿“æ„π·À≈’ ßπà È”μ“ßÊà „π¿“§°≈“ߢÕߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ∑¡’Ë º≈μ’ Õª≈“ Õ߫߻à å ´ßÕ“»÷Ë ¬√— «¡°à π„π·À≈— ßπà È”‡¥¬«°’ π— §Õ◊ «ß»ª≈“μ–‡æå ¬π’ (Cyprinidae) ·≈– «ß»å ª≈“®ß®°‘È -
Chaetognatha: a Phylum of Uncertain Affinity Allison Katter, Elizabeth Moshier, Leslie Schwartz
Chaetognatha: A Phylum of Uncertain Affinity Allison Katter, Elizabeth Moshier, Leslie Schwartz What are Chaetognaths? Chaetognaths are in a separate Phylum by themselves (~100 species). They are carnivorous marine invertebrates ranging in size from 2-120 mm. There are also known as “Arrow worms,” “Glass worms,” and “Tigers of the zooplankton.” Characterized by a slender transparent body, relatively large caudal fins, and anterior spines on either side of the mouth, these voracious meat-eaters catch large numbers of copepods, swallowing them whole. Their torpedo-like body shape allows them to move quickly through the water, and the large spines around their mouth helps them grab and restrain their prey. Chaetognaths alternate between swimming and floating. The fins along their body are not used to swim, but rather to help them float. A Phylogenetic mystery: The affinities of the chaetognaths have long been debated, and present day workers are far from reaching any consensus of opinion. Problems arise because of the lack of morphological and physiological diversity within the group. In addition, no unambiguous chaetognaths are preserved as fossils, so nothing about this groups evolutionary origins can be learned from the fossil record. During the past 100 years, many attempts have been made to ally the arrow worms to a bewildering variety of taxa. Proposed relatives have included nematodes, mollusks, various arthropods, rotifers, and chordates. Our objective is to analyze the current views regarding “arrow worm” phylogeny and best place them in the invertebrate cladogram of life. Phylogeny Based on Embryology and Ultrastructure Casanova (1987) discusses the possibility that the Hyman, Ducret, and Ghirardelli have concluded chaetognaths are derived from within the mollusks. -
Phylum Porifera
790 Chapter 28 | Invertebrates updated as new information is collected about the organisms of each phylum. 28.1 | Phylum Porifera By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following: • Describe the organizational features of the simplest multicellular organisms • Explain the various body forms and bodily functions of sponges As we have seen, the vast majority of invertebrate animals do not possess a defined bony vertebral endoskeleton, or a bony cranium. However, one of the most ancestral groups of deuterostome invertebrates, the Echinodermata, do produce tiny skeletal “bones” called ossicles that make up a true endoskeleton, or internal skeleton, covered by an epidermis. We will start our investigation with the simplest of all the invertebrates—animals sometimes classified within the clade Parazoa (“beside the animals”). This clade currently includes only the phylum Placozoa (containing a single species, Trichoplax adhaerens), and the phylum Porifera, containing the more familiar sponges (Figure 28.2). The split between the Parazoa and the Eumetazoa (all animal clades above Parazoa) likely took place over a billion years ago. We should reiterate here that the Porifera do not possess “true” tissues that are embryologically homologous to those of all other derived animal groups such as the insects and mammals. This is because they do not create a true gastrula during embryogenesis, and as a result do not produce a true endoderm or ectoderm. But even though they are not considered to have true tissues, they do have specialized cells that perform specific functions like tissues (for example, the external “pinacoderm” of a sponge acts like our epidermis). -
Embryogenesis and Larval Development of Phoronopsis Harmeri Pixell, 1912 (Phoronida): Dual Origin of the Coelomic Mesoderm
Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 50:2 (2007) 57–66 57 Balaban, Philadelphia/Rehovot 0168-8170/07/$05.00 © 2007 Balaban Embryogenesis and larval development of Phoronopsis harmeri Pixell, 1912 (Phoronida): dual origin of the coelomic mesoderm ELENA N. TEMEREVA* and VLADIMIR V. MALAKHOV Biological Faculty, Invertebrate Zoology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia Tel. and Fax: +8 (495) 939-4495; email: [email protected] Received 12 December 2006; Accepted 26 March 2007 Summary Phoronids are marine invertebrates which great significance from the perspective of comparative anatomy. Phoronids have traditionally been described as deuterostomes because they exhibit developmental and larval traits similar to those traits found in echinoderms and hemichordates. However, molecular phylogenetic evidence has consistently identified the phoronids and brachiopods as a monophyletic group within the lophotrochozoan protostomes. The nature of egg cleavage, gastrulation and the origin of coelomic mesoderm can help to resolve this contradiction. These questions were investigated with Phoronopsis harmeri. Embryos and actinotroch larvae were cultivated in the laboratory, and embryonic and larval development was followed with SEM, light and video microscopy. Egg cleavage is radial, although the furrows of the 4th and succeeding divisions are oblique, which allows for blastula formation by the 16-cell stage. The ciliated blastula hatches 10 h after the onset of cleavage and acquires the apical tuft. Gastrulation proceeds by invagination. Coelomic mesoderm derives from two, the anterior and posterior, precursors. The anterior precursor forms by cell migration from the anterior wall of the archenteron, the posterior one by enterocoelic outpouching of the midgut. The lining of preoral coelom and tentacle coelom is derived from the anterior precursor, whilst the lining of trunk coelom originates from the posterior one. -
Unusual Coelom Formation in the Direct-Type Developing Sand Dollar Peronella Japonica
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kanazawa University Repository for Academic Resources Unusual coelom formation in the direct-type developing sand dollar Peronella japonica 著者 Tsuchimoto Jun, Yamada Toshihiro, Yamaguchi Masaaki journal or Developmental Dynamics publication title volume 240 number 11 page range 2432-2439 year 2011-11-01 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2297/29459 doi: 10.1002/dvdy.22751 Unusual coelom formation in the direct-type developing sand dollar Peronella japonica Jun Tsuchimoto, Toshihiro Yamada, and Masaaki Yamaguchi* Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan *Author for correspondence Masaaki Yamaguchi Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan Tel: +81-76-264-6233 Fax: +81-76-264-6215 E-mail: [email protected] Running Title: Unusual coelom formation in Peronella japonica 1 Keywords: Echinoderm; Echinoid; Coelom; Hydrocoel; Enterocoely; Schizocoely Grant Sponsor: JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number: DC2-22-2510 Grant Sponsor: JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number: 21570222 2 ABSTRACT Peronella japonica is a sand dollar with a zygote that develops into an abbreviated pluteus but then metamorphoses on day three. The adult rudiment formation is unique; it uses a median position of the hydrocoel and a stomodeum-like invagination of vestibule that covers the dorsal side of the hydrocoel. However, the developmental processes underlying coelom formation remains unclear. In this study, we examined this process by reconstructing three-dimensional images from serial sections of larvae. -
Download Download
:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨdŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚdĂdžĂͮǁǁǁ͘ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐͮϮϲDĂLJϮϬϭϰͮϲ;ϱͿ͗ϱϲϴϲʹϱϲϵϵ ®ÝãÙ®çã®ÊÄ͕ã«ÙãÝÄÊÄÝÙòã®ÊÄÝããçÝʥ㫠ÊÃÃçÄ®ã®ÊÄ tùÄD«ÝÙ͕Eʽ®ÝÝÊ«®½çÝóùÄÄÝ®Ý;ù͕ϭϴϳϯͿ /^^E ;d½ÊÝã®͗ùÖٮĮͿ͗ÄÄî½Ù¦Ùʥ㫠KŶůŝŶĞϬϵϳϰʹϳϵϬϳ WƌŝŶƚϬϵϳϰʹϳϴϵϯ tÝãÙÄ'«ãÝ͕/Ä® KWE^^ ŶǀĂƌůŝϭ͕EĞĞůĞƐŚĂŚĂŶƵŬĂƌϮ͕^ŝďLJWŚŝůŝƉϯ͕<͘<ƌŝƐŚŶĂŬƵŵĂƌϰΘZĂũĞĞǀZĂŐŚĂǀĂŶϱ ϭ͕ϯ͕ϰ͕ϱŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ'ƌŽƵƉ;Z'Ϳ͕^ƚ͘ůďĞƌƚ͛ƐŽůůĞŐĞ͕<ŽĐŚŝ͕<ĞƌĂůĂϲϴϮϬϭϴ͕/ŶĚŝĂ Ϯ/ŶĚŝĂŶ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ;//^ZͿ͕ƌ͘,ŽŵŝŚĂďŚĂZŽĂĚ͕WĂƐŚĂŶ͕WƵŶĞ͕ DĂŚĂƌĂƐŚƚƌĂϰϭϭϬϬϴ͕/ŶĚŝĂ Ϯ͕ϱ^LJƐƚĞŵĂƟĐƐ͕ĐŽůŽŐLJΘŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕ŽŽKƵƚƌĞĂĐŚKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ;KKͿ͕ϵϲ<ƵŵƵĚŚĂŵEĂŐĂƌ͕ sŝůĂŶŬƵƌŝĐŚŝZŽĂĚ͕ŽŝŵďĂƚŽƌĞ͕dĂŵŝůEĂĚƵϲϰϭϬϯϱ͕/ŶĚŝĂ ϯĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨŽŽůŽŐLJ͕EŝƌŵĂůĂŐŝƌŝŽůůĞŐĞ͕<ŽŽƚŚƵƉĂƌĂŵďƵ͕<ĂŶŶƵƌ͕<ĞƌĂůĂϲϳϬϳϬϭ͕/ŶĚŝĂ ϱDĂŚƐĞĞƌdƌƵƐƚ͕ĐͬŽdŚĞ&ƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ͕ĂƐƚ^ƚŽŬĞZŝǀĞƌ>ĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌLJ͕tĂƌĞŚĂŵ͕ ŽƌƐĞƚ͕,ϮϬϲ͕hŶŝƚĞĚ<ŝŶŐĚŽŵ ϭĂŶǀĂƌĂůŝŝĨΛŐŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ͕ϮŶ͘ĚĂŚĂŶƵŬĂƌΛŝŝƐĞƌƉƵŶĞ͘ĂĐ͘ŝŶ͕ϯƉŚŝůŝƉƐŝďLJΛŐŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ͕ϰŬŬĂƋƵĂΛŐŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ͕ ϱƌĂũĞĞǀƌĂƋΛŚŽƚŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ;ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐĂƵƚŚŽƌͿ ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗dŚĞtĂLJĂŶĂĚDĂŚƐĞĞƌNeolissochilus wynaadensis ;ĂLJ͕ϭϴϳϯͿŝƐĂŶĞŶĚĞŵŝĐĐLJƉƌŝŶŝĚĮƐŚƚŚĂƚŽĐĐƵƌƐŝŶƚŚĞƵƉůĂŶĚƐƚƌĞĂŵƐ ĂŶĚƌŝǀĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŽƵƚŚĞƌŶƌĞŐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞtĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ŚĂƚƐ͘dŚŝƐƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŚĂƐďĞĞŶůŝƐƚĞĚĂƐ͚ƌŝƟĐĂůůLJŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚ͛ŽŶƚŚĞ/hEZĞĚ>ŝƐƚŽĨ dŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĞĚĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶĂŶĚŚĞĂǀLJĚĞĐůŝŶĞƐŝŶƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͘>ŝŬĞŵĂŶLJůĂƌŐĞĐLJƉƌŝŶŝĚƐŽĨƚŚĞtĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ŚĂƚƐ͕ N. wynaadensis ŝƐƉŽŽƌůLJŬŶŽǁŶĂŶĚĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĚ͕ǁŝƚŚǀĞƌLJĨĞǁǀĞƌŝĮĞĚƌĞĐŽƌĚƐĂŶĚǀŽƵĐŚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝŵĞŶƐ͘ĂƐĞĚŽŶƐƉĞĐŝŵĞŶƐƌĞĐĞŶƚůLJ ĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ tĂLJĂŶĂĚ͕ <ĞƌĂůĂ͕ ƚŚĞ ƚLJƉĞ ůŽĐĂůŝƚLJ͕ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƚǁŽ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ <ŽĚĂŐƵ ŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ ŽĨ <ĂƌŶĂƚĂŬĂ͖ ǁĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ͕ƉŚLJůŽŐĞŶĞƟĐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͕ƚŚƌĞĂƚƐĂŶĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘ŶƵƉĚĂƚĞĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚŝƐ -
National Report on the Fish Stocks and Habitats of Regional, Global
United Nations UNEP/GEF South China Sea Global Environment Environment Programme Project Facility NATIONAL REPORT on The Fish Stocks and Habitats of Regional, Global, and Transboundary Significance in the South China Sea THAILAND Mr. Pirochana Saikliang Focal Point for Fisheries Chumphon Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center 408 Moo 8, Paknum Sub-District, Muang District, Chumphon 86120, Thailand NATIONAL REPORT ON FISHERIES – THAILAND Table of Contents 1. MARINE FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT........................................................................................2 / 1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE FISHERIES SECTOR ...................................................................................2 1.1.1 Total catch by fishing area, port of landing or province (by species/species group).7 1.1.2 Fishing effort by gear (no. of fishing days, or no. of boats) .......................................7 1.1.2.1 Trawl ...........................................................................................................10 1.1.2.2 Purse seine/ring net....................................................................................10 1.1.2.3 Gill net.........................................................................................................12 1.1.2.4 Other gears.................................................................................................12 1.1.3 Economic value of catch..........................................................................................14 1.1.4 Importance of the fisheries sector -
Biodiversity Assessment of the Mekong River in Northern Lao PDR: a Follow up Study
���� ������������������ ������������������ Biodiversity Assessment of the Mekong River in Northern Lao PDR: A Follow Up Study October, 2004 WANI/REPORT - MWBP.L.W.2.10.05 Follow-Up Survey for Biodiversity Assessment of the Mekong River in Northern Lao PDR Edited by Pierre Dubeau October 2004 The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Water and Nature Initiative and Mekong Wetlands Biodiversity Conservation Programme Report Citation: Author: ed. Dubeau, P. (October 2004) Follow-up Survey for Biodiversity Assessment of the Mekong River in Northern Lao PDR, IUCN Water and Nature Initiative and Mekong Wetlands Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use Programme, Bangkok. i The designation of geographical entities in the book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Mekong Wetlands Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use Programme (or other participating organisations, e.g. the Governments of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), The World Conservation Union (IUCN) and Mekong River Commission) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the Mekong Wetlands Biodiversity Programme (or other participating organisations, e.g. the Governments of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam, UNDP, The World Conservation Union (IUCN) and Mekong River