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TOWARDS the THEMATIC CONSERVATION of HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPES: Identifying the Historic Urban Landscape Themes of EI-Zamalek by MOHAMED MOHAMED FIKRY EL-AZZAZY

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TOWARDS the THEMATIC CONSERVATION of HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPES: Identifying the Historic Urban Landscape Themes of EI-Zamalek by MOHAMED MOHAMED FIKRY EL-AZZAZY ARAB ACADEMY FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MARITIME TRANSPORT (AASTMT) College of Engineering Department of Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design TOWARDS THE THEMATIC CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPES: Identifying the Historic Urban Landscape Themes of EI-Zamalek By MOHAMED MOHAMED FIKRY EL-AZZAZY A thesis submitted to AASTMT in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER of SCIENCE In ARCHITECTURE Supervisors Assoc. Prof. Dr. Alaa EI-Habashi Dr. Vasser Moustafa Dr. Marwa Khalil Architecture Architecture Architecture El-Monofia University AASTMT-Cairo AASTMT -Cairo Year of graduation 2011 DECLARATION I certify that all the material in this thesis that is not my own work has been identified, and that no material is included for which a degree has previously been conferred on me. The contents of this thesis reflect my own personal views, and are not necessarily endorsed by the University. (Signature) Mohamed EI-Azzazy (Date) December, 2011 We certify that we have read the present work and that in our opinion it is fully adequate in scope and quality as thesis towards the partial fulfillment of the Master Degree requirements in Architecture From College of Engineering (AASTMT) Date ........................... Supervisor (s): Name: Dr. AIaa EI-Habashi Position: Associate r ssor of Architecture, Dept. of Architecture, University of Monofia Signature: Name: Position: Assistant Professor of Architecture, Dept. of Architecture, Arab Academy Signamri51;)~:MOIO~ -C~O Name: Dr. Marwa Khalil Position: Assistant Professor of Architecture, Dept. of Architecture, Arab Academy for Science and Technology - Cairo Signature: ,j / /,.Il/{7I. ___kl.t~~ ---- f7~/-.----- Examin Name: Dr. AIy Gabr Position: Pr~recture, Dept. of A<chitecture, C~O Uoiversity Signature: Name: Dr. Hatem Ezzat Position: Associate Professor of Architecture, Dept. of Architecture, Arab Academy for Science and Technology - Cairo Signature: ~ This contribution is kindly dedicated to the one who pushed me forward to acquire my aspirations and showed me the way to be who I am Acknowledgments: I am very grateful to my very good friend Tamer Gamal who has inspired me with this thesis topic while we were strolling one day in El-Zamalek streets. He kept on describing the beauty that he sees in the buildings of El-Zamalek and the joy that he feels when walking in its streets. I was very fascinated by the opinion of this resident of the district with no architectural or artistic background. He has also mentioned several problems from which he feels El-Zamalek is suffering from. And, as we were passing by the site of a villa that was demolished by the Libyan Embassy, he complained about the deterioration that the architecturally distinctive buildings of the district were facing. I am also very grateful to several residents who have helped me in distributing the questionnaire on the participants especially: Mahmoud El-Halaby, Karim Abadir, Tamer Gamal, Sarah Abdallah, Heba Allah, Nouran Fikry and Elia Dilemia. The last is an Italian who was born in Egypt and teaches Arabic for foreigners, he has introduced me to several foreigners living in El-Zamalek. I am also very grateful to several colleagues for their useful assistance in the questionnaire data entry on the excel sheets especially Salma Sherif, Salma Belal, Eman Sherif, Sarah Ezz El-Arab and Shadi Mohamed. I also appreciate the effort of several colleagues of mine whom their comments have helped to improve this thesis especially Ahmed Emam and Ahmed Zaazaa. I am also very grateful to my supervisors: Dr. Alaa El-Habashi, Dr. Yasser Moustafa and Dr. Marwa Hassan who have gave me a lot of their time and did a lot of efforts in order to achieve this outcome. I am also very grateful to many professors who have supported me with comments and references when I was in desperate need especially Dr. Sherif El-Fiki and Dr. Dina Shehayeb. I would like also to express my sincere gratitude to all my professors in the undergraduate and post graduate studies at the Arab Academy for their genuine effort in transferring knowledge to the forthcoming generation of architects. No words can express how much I am grateful to my family, friends and my fiancee whom have supported me enormously all the way long during my journey to accomplish this thesis. They suffered a lot from my absence and sometimes the bad temper as well as encouraging me when needed. This thesis could not have been accomplished without the sincere prayers to God of my beloved grandpa and my mother. I Abstract: The rapid urban transformation of EI-Zamalek is dissolving its character and the sense of place of its historical urban landscape. Effective conservation measures are lacking or seem to be insufficient to address the current rapid and diffuse changes in functions and meanings affecting EI-Zamalek. There is thus a need for conservation efforts to preserve the specific character of the historic urban landscape of the district. Like many other areas of Cairo, El-Zamalek is not the product of a single historical era but is an accumulative heritage. These efforts will consequently need to take into consideration the different historic layers of transformation that have produced the distinctive character of the island. To inform these future conservation efforts, the objective of this thesis is to identify the sense of place defining themes of the historic urban landscape of EI-Zamalek, taking into consideration the different phases of its historical development. By identifying EI-Zamalek urban landscape themes, this thesis hopes to be a valuable first step for future conservation efforts and to provide a basis for a sustainable strategic urban development plan of EI­ Zamalek. The research relies on a two phase methodology. First a historical study aims to identify the historical urban landscape themes of EI-Zamalek. Then a field study aims to explore the perceptions of community members (residents and frequent users) about the identified themes. In its conclusion, the thesis synthesizes the findings of the historical and field studies to introduce a set of recommendations for the thematic conservation of the historic urban landscape of EI-Zamalek. The conclusion also discusses the significance of the thesis for the conservation of historic urban landscapes in other contexts. Key Words: Historic Urban Landscapes, Thematic Conservation, Local Community, EI-Zamalek, Cairo. II Table of Contents: Acknowledgments: .......................................................................................................... I Abstract: ...................................................................................................................... 11 Key Words: .................................................................................................................... 11 Table of Contents: ....................................................................................................... III List of Figures: .......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables: .............................................................................................................. Xll 1- Chapter One: Introduction 1-1- Scope of the Study: ................................................................................................... 1 1-2- Research Problem: .................................................................................................... 1 1-3- Research Aim and Obj ectives: .................................................................................. 4 1-4- Research Questions: .................................................................................................. 4 1-5- Significance of the Study: ......................................................................................... 4 1-6- Literature Review: Background & Rational ............................................................ .4 1-6-1- Terms and Definitions ........................................................................................ 5 1-6-2- NOUH Value Map Project in EI-Zamalek: ......................................................... 6 1-6-3- International Urban Conservation Definitions: ................................................... 7 1-6-4- International Urban Conservation Principles: ..................................................... 8 1-6-5- Rational for the Thematic Conservation of Historical Urban Landscapes: ...... 10 1-6-6- Negative Impact of Conservation: .................................................................... 12 1-7- Methodology: .......................................................................................................... 12 1-7 -1- Historical Study: ............................................................................................... 13 1-7-2- Field Study: ....................................................................................................... 13 1-8- Thesis Structure: ...................................................................................................... 14 Part One: Historical Study Introduction of Part One: ............................................................................................ 16 2- Chapter Two: An Agricultural and Recreational Island 2-1- Introduction: ............................................................................................................ 18 2-2- Island Formation: ...................................................................................................
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