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Gustav Mahler Symphonie Nr Markus Stenz Gürzenich-Orchester Köln Gustav Mahler Symphonie Nr. 9 Symphonie Nr. 10 Adagio v Gustav Mahler Symphonie Nr. 9 in D-Dur CD 1 [ 01] I. Andante comodo 26:48 [ 02] II. Im Tempo eines gemächlichen Ländlers 14:51 [ 03] III. Rondo-Burleske 12:36 [ 04] IV. Adagio 23:53 total 78:12 CD 2 Symphonie Nr. 10 in Fis-Dur [ 01] Adagio 23:19 total 23:21 Markus Stenz Gürzenich-Orchester Köln 3 Auf dem Weg zur »Neuen Musik« Gustav Mahler: Sinfonien Nr. 9 und Wohl aber wusste Mahler, als er Nr. 10 (Adagio) seine Neunte schrieb, dass ihm wegen seines Herzleidens nicht mehr viel Die einstigen abergläubischen Vorstel- Zeit bleiben würde, und so hat diese lungen über die Unüberschreitbarkeit Sinfonie nicht nur den retrospektiven der Neunzahl bei Sinfonien erscheint Charakter eines resümierenden Rück- uns heute nicht nur als unangebrachte blicks, sondern auch den visionären Spekulation, sie wird, gerade bei Charakter eines Werkes, das auf keine Gustav Mahler, durch die unvoreinge- Konventionen mehr Rücksicht neh- nommene Betrachtung der Zeugnisse men muss; es stößt in Klangwelten und seines Charakters vollends un- vor, die damals wahrhaft unerhört wa- wahrscheinlich. Es erscheint keines- ren und in vielem die »Neue Musik« wegs unpassend, in Mahlers angebli- vorausahnen ließen. cher Furcht vor der Sinfonie Nummer Zwar scheint Mahlers Neunte in ih- Neun, die einst bei Ludwig van Beet- rer Viersätzigkeit eine traditionelle hoven den Schlusspunkt von dessen Form fortzuführen, doch ist die Anord- sinfonischem Œuvre bedeutete, ledig- nung völlig anders als etwa bei Beet- lich eine Eulenspiegelei zu sehen, hoven oder Johannes Brahms: zwei denn er liebte es durchaus, seine Mit- eher langsame Sätze umrahmen zwei menschen zu foppen. Bekannt ist seine bewegte Mittelsätze, deren erster dem sarkastische Antwort auf die Frage Charakter eines Intermezzos nahe einer Musikliebhaberin nach dem steht, während der zweite den Typus Klangbild seiner nächsten Sinfonie: er des Geschwindmarsches aufgreift. werde darin, so Mahler, »zwei Toten- Obwohl der Kopfsatz sich zunächst köpfe aneinander schlagen lassen, was wie durch Fragmente tastend vor- bekanntlich besonders hohl klingt«. wärtsbewegt, stellt sich doch im wei- 4 On the Path Towards the “New Music” The erstwhile superstitious concep- Gustav Mahler: Symphonies No. 9 and tions concerning the uncrossable limit No. 10 (Adagio) of the number nine in symphonies appears to us, today, as an inappropri- condition; thus this symphony has ate speculation. Not only that – with not only the retrospective character of Gustav Mahler, in particular, it seems a summarised review but also the completely improbable, to judge from visionary traits of a work that needs the unbiased consideration of testimo- no longer take any conventions into nials and of his character. It appears consideration. It pushes forward into in no way inappropriate to see merely sound worlds which were truly un- a prank in Mahler’s ostensible fear of heard-of at the time, in many respects the Symphony Number Nine which providing a preview of the “New had once, with Ludwig van Beethoven, Music”. signified the endpoint of his symphon- Mahler’s Ninth appears to continue ic œuvre; Mahler certainly loved to a traditional form in its four-move- tease his fellow human beings. We ment design, but the arrangement is know his sarcastic reply to a music completely different from that of lover’s question concerning the sound Beethoven or Johannes Brahms, for of his next symphony; according to example. Two rather slow movements Mahler, he would “have two skulls frame two animated middle move- banging against each other, produc- ments; the character of the first of ing, as is well known, an especially these is close to that of an intermezzo, hollow sound”. and the second takes up the genre of Mahler did indeed know, when he the quick march. Although the first wrote his Ninth, that he would not movement initially moves forward have much time left due to his heart hesitantly, as if groping through frag- 5 teren Verlaufe heraus, wie genau hier brutale Stretta die Orgie des Schre- eine erweiterte Form des Sonaten- ckens auf die Spitze treibt. Das ab- satzes verwirklicht wurde und wie schließende Adagio, eine erstaunliche sehr in den immer wieder neuen Parallele zu Pjotr Tschaikowskys dramatischen Aufwallungen bis zum 6. Sinfonie, der Pathétique, ist ein tief kata strophischen Höhepunkt des elegischer Abgesang, dessen nochma- gewaltigen Tamtam-Schlages sich lige dramatische Auftürmungen an programmatisch ein Lebensrückblick diesem Charakter letztlich nichts nachvollziehen lässt, bis die Piccolo- ändern; der Satz verklingt mit einer flöte und die Flageolett spielenden Doppelschlagfigur, die schon in der Violoncelli den Satz leise beschlie- »Burleske« vorkam, hier aber nun in ßen. sich stetig vergrößernden Notenwer- Im »gemächlichen Ländler« des ten bis zum scheinbaren Stillstand der 2. Satzes glaubte der russische Mah- Zeit überdehnt wird, bis der Satz in ler-Forscher Ivan Sollertinskij die leisem Des-Dur ersterbend schließt. Karikatur der »idiotischen Monotonie Wie sehr Mahler die Mystik der einer Drehorgel« zu erkennen, und Neun-Zahl ignorierte, zeigt die Tatsa- die bekannte Ironie Mahlers ist in che, dass er im Frühjahr 1910 mit der diesem nur scheinbar populären Satz Komposition einer zehnten Sinfonie in der Tat geradezu modellhaft zu be- begann, deren Charakter, soweit man obachten. Der 3. Satz, eine »Burles- das angesichts ihres fragmentarischen ke«, mutet dagegen wie eine gespens- Zustandes beurteilen kann, durchaus tische Höllenvision an, die durch den nichts Resignatives an sich hat. Aller- lieblich kantablen Mittelteil, den eine dings musste Mahler die Arbeit am ordinäre Klarinettenmelodie beendet, Particell-Entwurf im August 1910 be- nur umso deutlicher wird, bevor eine enden, da er die Uraufführung seiner 6 ments, it becomes apparent during melody before a brutal stretta carries the course of the movement how pre- the orgy of terror to extremes. The cisely an extended sonata form has concluding Adagio, an astonishing been realised here. It also becomes parallel to Pjotr Tchaikovsky’s Sixth clear to what extent a review of an Symphony, the Pathétique, is a deeply entire life can be programmatically elegiac song of farewell, the character comprehended in the ever-new dra- of which remains essentially unaltered matic upsurges up to the catastrophic by its further dramatic accumulations. climax of the massive tam-tam blow, The movement dies away with the until the piccolo and the harmonics in figure of a turn that already occurred the violoncellos quietly conclude the in the “Burlesque”; here, however, it is movement. overstretched in constantly increasing In the “leisurely Ländler” of the sec- note values up to the point where ond movement, the Russian Mahler time apparently stands still and the scholar Ivan Sollertinsky claimed to movement ends, dying away, in a soft recognise the caricature of the “idiotic D-flat major. monotony of a barrel-organ” and The extent to which Mahler ignored Mahler’s well-known irony can indeed the mysticism of the number nine is be observed in exemplary fashion in shown by the fact that he began com- this only seemingly popular move- posing a Tenth Symphony in the spring ment. The third movement, a “Bur- of 1910; its character, as far as one can lesque”, on the other hand, seems to judge from its fragmentary state, has be a ghostly vision of hell which be- nothing resignative about it whatso- comes all the more manifest through ever. Be that as it may, Mahler had to the sweetly cantabile middle section cease working on the short-score concluded by an ordinary clarinet sketch in August 1910, for he was pre- 7 Achten Sinfonie in München vorberei- dung des gesamten Werkes, doch tete, und er hat den Entwurf vor sei- durchgesetzt hat sich nur die Version nem Tode im Mai 1911 nicht mehr an- von Cooke, die zwischen dem unüber- gerührt. Seiner Bitte an seine Frau, schreitbaren Fragment-Charakter und das Manuskript zu vernichten, mochte der »hochrechnenden« Spekulation Alma Mahler jedoch ebenso wenig ein gewisses Gleichgewicht hält. nachkommen wie Max Brod einer ent- Alle Vorbehalte eingerechnet, ist sprechenden Bitte von Franz Kafka, das Adagio der Zehnten gleichwohl von doch das Vorhaben, den Entwurf in größtem Interesse, zeigt es doch nicht eine aufführbare Form zu bringen, nur kühne harmonische Expeditionen stieß im Schönberg-Kreis auf Ableh- in ein noch ungewisses Neuland, nung; erst der junge Ernst Krenek sondern auch eine originelle Form, wagte es, und so konnte wenigstens eine Kombination aus Sonatenform das einleitende Adagio sowie der sehr und einer Art Tripelvariation über die kurze 3. Satz »Purgatorio« im Jahre drei Hauptthemen des Satzes, eine 1924 aufgeführt werden. Dieser unpro- sehnsuchtsvolle Bratschenmelodie in portionierte Zwitter setzte sich jedoch h-Moll, ein Thema der Violinen mit nicht durch, nur das Adagio als in großen Intervallsprüngen, basierend Mahlers Entwurf am weitesten gedie- auf Fis-Dur, und ein eher kapriziöses hener Satz wird seitdem als seine qua- Thema wiederum in den Violinen, si »Unvollendete Sinfonie« aufgeführt. diesmal in fis-Moll. Die erste Variation Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg be- ist eine veränderte Wiederholung schäftigten sich Joe Wheeler, Clinton der Exposition, die zweite entspricht A. Carpenter, Hans Wollschläger, De- der klassischen Durchführung und ryck Cooke, Remo Mazzetti jr. und zu- die dritte der Reprise. Dann aber ge- letzt Rudolf Barschaj mit einer Vollen- schieht etwas Unerhörtes:
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