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Main Street and East Side Neighborhood

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Main Street and East Side Neighborhood I I . J � I HISTORICAL Ai�D ARCHITECTUR-\L I RESOURCES SURVEY ' I I OF I J MANCHESTER, CONNECTICUT MAIN STREET AND EAST SIDE NEIGHBORHOOD : I ' I i ·. I SEPTEMBER 1993 I Prepared by Barbara A. Lewis , I I , I , I I \ I : I HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL , I RESOURCES SURVEY I OF I MANCHESTER, CONNECTICUT I MAIN STREET AND EAST SIDE NEIGHBORHOOD I r I) SEPTEMBER 1993 I I Prepared by Barbara A. Lewis I I e I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was undertaken by the Town of Manchester with funding from the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development Community Development Block Grant Program. , I The author wishes to thank Mark Pellegrini, Director of Planning and Community Development, for his direction in the project and assistance in providing maps and other resources. The records of the Town Assessor were essential to this work. The assessor's staff was unifonnly patient and courteous in making available the records of the office. I also wish to thank Mary Donahue, Director of Surveys and Grants, of the .I Connecticut Historical Commission for her advice and direction in the planning and execution of the survey. Also, I greatly appreciate the valuable historical information, maps, and views provided by Faith McCann, Librarian of the Manchester Historical Society. i I ) The author wishes to acknowledge the scholarship of Professor John Sutherland, whose studies of immigration to Manchester at the turn of the century, ethnic profile of the Cheney workers, and research for the Cheney Brothers National Historic Landmark District Expansion Survey were an invaluable resource in understanding the development of the East Side neighborhood. Barbara A. Lewis I 'J I ) I INTRODUCTION , I The purpose of this survey project was to document the significant architectural and historic resources of the historic central commercial district of Main Street and the adjacent East Side neighborhood in the Town of Manchester, Connecticut. The boundaries for the project area are shown of the map on page 3. Where the boundaries of the project area overlap the Cheney Brothers National Landmark District and the I proposed Cheney Brothers expansion district, this survey endeavors to build upon the studies already undertaken . It also explores the adjacent commercial district of Main I Street and East Side neighborhood. It seeks to place in context the impact of Cheney Brothers Silk Mills .on the built environment in the area beyond which they had direct control, and understand the other forces which shaped the character of the Main Street I and adjacent neighborhood. Information about those buildings that possess high architectural merit, or that are significantly associated with the historical development of the community, is the core component of this report. The buildings of the commercial district of Main Street and the East Side provide a visible record of their development as a thriving mid-19th and early-20th century industrial community. Materials about each of these historic and architectural resources include an architectural description of the building, an assessment of its architectural significance, and in many cases, its historical importance along with a black-and-white­ photograph. A map of the entire survey area charts the location of each historic structure. Color slides of a representative portion of the survey area are also provided. Because of the importance of some buildings to the neighborhood's development, certain buildings listed in the National Landmark nomination, but not individually described are included in this survey. Also some buildings listed in the Cheney Brothers Expansion District Survey are included so that patterns in the built environment can be put into context with growth in the greater community. The survey was funded by the HUD Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)program and should assist the planning process at the federal, state and local I level. Information fromthe survey should help assure that CDBG funding for rehabilitation projects will be used in a manner that will maintain the architectural I) integrity of the building, while rehabilitating its facade and prolonging its usefulness. I M( ,..()RIAl f If I 0 >­ z C> J \ S1 :::� z "'7 _ 1, ,, '[ t I AST ([MflfPY ' { .. �-- GL "-.:-· . ", Oi'··I- ' --·� I"' ..... \ · �0.,.._ WATfR TR(ATM[NT PLANT 0 !.IOUNT N£80 Fi£ l 0 n LEGEND PROPOSED STUDY AREA ••••••••• CHENEY LANDMARK DISTRICT CHENEY LANDMARK DISTRICT EXPANSION SURVE'{ HISTORIC PROPERTIES Map prepared by SURVEY Town of Manchester Planning Department STUDY AREA MAP SCALE : I" • 1000' DAE:TE : FEB. 1993 . �,�ny.;.,..........,..._"'?<,�;-.,.t..:.<.:.'":��r-:t'�J.XPY-Q.· r�·.-::.T.!' 4 In addition, by identifying significant historic resources, particularly thoses that appear to meet the criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, the survey will ) enable the Connecticut Historical Commission to bettedulfill its responsibilities under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, to comment on federally­ funded projects that have an impact on historic buildings and other sites of importance to our heritage. The survey can assist the planning process on the local level, allowing the town to ensure the effective protection and managment of its historic resources. Historic preservation can also be used as a strategy in the revitalization of the downtown and , I adjacent neighborhood. And, this material can aid local home and property owners in understanding the nature of their historic buildings, thus encouraging them to make more informed decisions concerning the maintenance and rehabilitation of their properties. In addition to these practical consequences, this information will help increase public , I appreciation of the many fine buildings in Manchester. Historic buildings, especially if they are well preseryed and maintained, contribute to a community's quality of life and I I provide a visible record of the community's past. Challenges for the Future ) Manchester's Main Street and its East Side neighborhood face a number of challenges to its future. The East Side neighborhood has traditionally been a landing ground for newcomers of various ethnic groups, races and religions. Today, as in the past, the East Side neighborhood offers a rich diversity . However, changing patterns in home ownership and the level of maintenance provided by absentee landlords effect the qualtiy of life in the neighborhood. In addition modern maintenance conveniences such as aluminum and vinyl siding, while economical, pose a threat to the historic character of the neighborhood. While Main Street must contend with changing shopping demands and competition from malls it has the ability to offer a unique shopping environment that appeals to many people who are discontent with the homogeneity of the modern shopping mall. Main Street offers convenience in its proximity to municipal services such as the library, town hall, and the post office. Manchester has a downtown revitalization effort already underway, the effects of which are already being seen. This survey hopes to assist in the constructive management of these areas historic resources, assist in the overall planning process, and help inform the individual property owner in making decisions for individual jJ buildings, which will have an impact on the area's historic character. I 5 METHODOLOGY: HOW THE SURVEY WAS DONE The survey of historical and architectural resources of the commercial district of Main I Street and the East side neighborhood was conducted by Barbara A. Lewis, architectural I historian. Fieldwork and photography was carried out between June and September 1990. Copies of the final report are deposited with the Manchester Town Clerk and the Mary I Cheney Library of Manchester, and with the Connecticut Historical Commission, 59 Prospect Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06106. The survey represents a partial inventory of the project area's cultural resources (i.e. historic and architectural resources). The identification of archeological sites is beyond the scope of this survey. The Area Surveyed The present surv.ey is an inventory of 104 of the most significant historic and architectural resources of the Main Street business district and the East Side neighborhood, in a report prepared according to the standards of the Connecticut Historical Commission. The area surveyed is defined by the map of page 3. The project ) area included a portion of the Cheney Brothers National Landmark Historic District as well as the proposed Expansion Area. Some buildings included in these earlier surveys are also included here if an individual architectural description was deemed useful. The survey examined and inventoried 104 propertiesin the project area. These sites are identified by inventory form numbers on the accompanying map and are arranged in alphanumerical order on the subsequent pages of the report. Criteria for Selection: How the Sites Were Chosen for Inclusion The Historic and Architectural Resources Survey was conducted in accordance with the Secretary of Interior's Standards for Identification and Evaluation (National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1983). A discussion of the general methodology that was utilized may be found in Guidelines for Local Surveys: A Basis for Preservation Planning (Derry, Jandl, Shull, and Thorman. National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1977; revised 1985). The criteria used for the evaluation of properties were
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