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Abbotts Lagoon, 39, 40 Beal, C. H., 57, 101, 106 Abies grandis, 33 Beard, C. N., 66 Abronia latijolia, 25 Behr, H. H., 43, 44 maritima,, 74 B-horizon, 78 Ackerman, E. A., 8 Big Lagoon, 27-30 Adenostoma fasciculatum, 62 Bishop pine, 18, 33, 35, 37 Agave sp., 19, 102, 103 Black Lake, 78, 82, 83 Alexander, C. S., 5, 57, 58, 66 Black Lake Canyon, 77, 78, 80, 82, 83, 84 Algodones , 104 Black Point, San Francisco, 43, 47 Allen, J. E., 115 Blake, W. P., 42, 43, 45 Allenrolfea occidentalis, 102 description of San Francisco dunes, 42- Ammophila arenaria, 19 43 Ano Nuevo Bay, 54 Blowout, 99 Ano Nuevo Point, 53-56 saucer, 78, 89 Aptos, 57 trough, 63, 67, 73, 111 Aptos Creek, 57 Bodega Bay, 17, 37 Aquatic vegetation, 82, 83 Bodega Harbor, 36 Areata Bay, 6, 30, 31 Bodega Head, 5, 16, 33, 36-37, 41 Arcata-Humboldt Bay, 32 Boker, T. A., 110 Arctostaphylos spp., 62 Bolinas Bay, 48, 49 Arnold, Ralph, 6 Bolinas Lagoon, 41 and Anderson, Robert, 89 Bolsa Chico Lake, 82 Aromas formation, 115 Bonilla, M. G., 45 Arroyo Descondido, Baja , 102 Box-thorn, 102 Arroyo Grande Creek, 76, 80 Bracken fern, 34 valley, 76, 77, 80, 81 Bradley, W- C., 5, 55, 57, 58 Arroyo Socorro, , 8, 17, 18, Branner, J. C., 53, 57 19, 101, 103-106, 107, 109 Braun, Gustav, 110, 112 Artemisia calif ornica, 78 Breakthrough channel, 32 Asilomar, 70 Breakwaters, 19 Atriplex leuoophylla, 92 Bremner, Carl St. J., 93 Australia, 115 Brewer, W. H., 44 Briquet, A., 112 Back, William, 6, 22, 26 Britton, N. L., 4 Bahia de Todos Santos, 102 Broad-sclerophyll Complex, 18 Bahia Magdalena, Baja California, 106 Brookings, Oregon, 15 Bahia de Sebastian Vizcaino, Baja Califor- Brown, R. L., 37 nia, 106 Brussels sprouts, 55 Baja California, 3, 8, 10, 17, 18, 19, 22, Buena Vista Crest, San Francisco, 47 101, 107 Buffault, Pierre, 116 localities, plate facing 4 Bulrushes, 82 Ballona Creek, 92, 96 Burton Mesa, 89 valley, 96, 97 Burweed, 25, 53 Bar, outside Golden Gate, 47 Byers, H. R., 10 Barchan, 54 Barchanoid concavities, 104 Cabo Colnett, Baja California, 101 segments, 54 Cacti, 4, 102, 103, 104 strip, 55 barrel, 18 units, 106 columnar, 18 Barrel cactus, 18, 103 California Academy of Sciences, 50 Barrier beach, 114 California Street, San Francisco, 45 Barrier-beach ridge, 95, 98 Callender dune complex, Santa Maria Bascom, Willard, 68 River, 77, 88 Battery formation, 22, 23 Callender Flandrian dune sheet, Santa Bauer, F. H., 5, 17, 33 Maria River, 81, 82, 83, 85 Bay bar, 6 Callender pre-Flandrian dune sheet, Santa Bay barrier, 6, 27, 75, 92, 100 Maria River, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 86 Baywood fine sand, 75 Canyon del Rey, 57 Beach-dune ridge, 110, 112 Cape Blanco, Oregon, 14, 21 Beach morning glory, 25 Cape Flattery, Washington, 21 Beach ridge, 98, 114 Cape Mendocino, 33 Beach rye grass, 67 Cape Vizcaino, 33 Beach saltbush, 92 Carmel, 72 Beach strawberry, 53 submarine canyon, 70

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Carmel Bay, 72, 74 Diastrophism, 48, 99 dunes, 72 Dibblee, T. W., Jr., 89, 91, 115 Carpenter, E. J. and Cosby, S. W., 61, 115 Diller, J. S., 5 Carpenter, E. J. and Storie, R. E., 75 Dillon Beach, 37-38, 40 Carter, G. F„ 19, 100 Distichlis spicata var. stolonifera, 95 Casmalia Hills, 73, 75, 78, 89 Doran Beach, 36 Cattle, 93 Drakes Bay, 17, 41 Centerville Beach, 31, 32 Drakes Estero, 40 Century plant, 102, 103, 104 Dubois, Georges, 7 Chamise, 62, 78 Duffart, C., 116 Channel Islands, 92, 93-94 Dune-bordered coast, percentage, 21 Chaparral, 18, 19, 37, 62, 63, 75, 78, 93, Dune, materials for building, 108 98, 99, 101 complex, 36 Chase, H. S., 82 localities, coast of California, plate fac- Cherry, J., 17, 39, 40, 41 ing 4 Chico formation, 53 pioneers, 34 Cienega valley, 76 shrubs, 71, 75, 84, 91 Cleawox Lake, Oregon, 27 Dune Lakes Limited, 82 Climatic transition, major, 107 species, 65, 75 Climax community, 72 type, 90, 95, 97 Climax, near-climax forest, 113 vegetation, 53,63,66,74,79,88,99,113 Coastal features, (map) plate facing 4 Dunes, Flandrian, 8 Coastal plain, 5 perched, 25, 27, 35, 36, 40, 52, 53, 68, sagebrush, 75, 78, 79 75, 91, 99, 105, 113 scrub, 18 pre-Flandrian, 8 Coast live oak, 44 rate of advance, 54 Cockayne, L., 105 measured in Oregon, 89 Cole, R. C., 90 river-valley, pre-Flandrian, 80 Colma formation, 49 San Francisco about 1852, (fig.) 46 Columbia River, 108, 110, 112, 114 type characteristic of retrograding Columnar cacti, 18 shores, 8 Commodity Stabilization Service, 58, 88 Duregne, 116 Convolvulus soldanella, 25 Cooper, W. S., 3,10,12,14,18,21, 22,24, 25, 27, 32, 37, 54, 63, 67, 83, 84, 86, East Garrison, 61, 62 88,98, 107, 108, 109, 112, 113, 114, Eastport, Maine, 107 115, 116, 117 Eaton, R. D., 47, 69 Coos Bay dune complex, Oregon, 109, Eckis, Rollin, 96, 98 110, 111 Ecology of dune plants, 4 Eel River, 6, 30, 31, 32 Copalis Head, Washington, 114 Effective wind, 15, 17, 23, 69 Coronado, 3 Elkhorn sandy loam, 66 Coronado Island, 100 , 57, 67, 68, 69 Corralitos Canyon, 78 El Rosario, Baja California, 101 Crescent City, 8, 10, 23, 26, 27, 107 El Segundo, 95-99 lowland, 27 dune complex, 96 platform, 22, 26 sand hills, 4, 95, 96, 98 Cross-bedding, eolian, 61, 115 Eluvial phase, 86 Crowell, J. C., 18, 70, 96 Elymus mollis, 67, 112 Cycles in dune history, 112 Ensenada, Baja California, 101, 102 Cypress, 18 Ephedra calijarnica, 100 "Episodes," 113 Dams, 19 Eriogonum parvijolium, 71, 78 Dana, J. D., 42 Eureka, 10, 107, 108 Dasmann, R. F., 4, 30 Eustasy, 48, 99 Davis, W. M., 7 Eustatic change of sea level, 95 Deflation base, 24, 35, 63, 110 plain, 114 rise of sea level, 7, 83 Del Monte, 57, 58, 61, 62 Evenson, R. E., 32 Del Rey Creek, 61, 65 Descanso, Baja California, 102 Fairbanks, H. W., 76 Complex, 18 Fairchild Aerial Surveys, 88 Desert, plants belonging to, 100 , 49 shrubs, 18, 100, 103, 104 Faulting, 6 species, 102 Fenneman, N. M., 5 succulent, 101 Ferocactus sp., 18, 103 true, 8, 18, 19, 101 Fire, 19 vegetation, 8, 104, 106 Flandrian advance of sea, 75, 85

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dune belt, Monterey Bay, 57, 58, 59, 62, Howard, A. D., 48 63, 64, 65, 67, 68 Humboldt Bay, 6, 30-33, 36, 38, 111 dunes, 113, 114, 115 Hyperion, 99 Monterey Bay, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, Hypsithermal, 7 81 Point Conception, 93 Indio, 104 Point St. George, 26 Inman, D. L., 7, 17, 18, 92, 106 Purísima Point, 89 Iodine bush, 102 Santa Maria River, 76, 78, 81 Santa Ynez River, 91 Jack rabbits, 37 Episode I, 23, 31, 38,49, 81, 85, 86, 87, Japan,116 89,90, 114, 116, 117 Jennings, C. W., 75, 79, 91 Episode II, 23, 31,49,82, 83, 85,86, 87, Jennings, J. N., 115, 116 89, 90, 114, 116, 117 Jetties, 32 rise of sea level, 7, 8, 52 Johnson, J. W., 4 time, 7, 32, 56 transgression, 7, 8, 26, 27, 35,40,49, 57, Kamel, A. M., 17, 48 80,81, 83, 87,91,96,97,99,100,113, Kaufeldt, C. E., 44 114 Kearney Street, San Francisco, 44 Flint, R. F., 7 Keck, D. D., 4 Fog, 10, 103 Kellogg, F. B., 23 advection, 10 King Island, Australia, 115 Foredune, 36, 37,40,53, 54, 71, 83, 92, 93, Klamath Mountains, 5 95, 101, 110, 112 Klamath River, 6, 23, 27, 108 ridge, 92, 112 Koppen climatic system, 8 zone, 21, 31, 39, 95, 112 Kuhlman, Hans, 22 Foreland, 70 Kukachka, B. F., 56 Fort Bragg, 15 , 58, 68 Lagoon, 27, 65, 67, 92, 95 Fort Point, San Francisco, 42, 43 Laguna del Rey, 59, 65, 70 Fort Ross, 5 Laguna Seca, 57 Fragaria chiloensis, 53 La Jolla, 99 Franciscan group, 38, 40, 42 Lake Earl, 23, 24, 26 Franklin Point, 53, 56 Lake Merced, 42, 45 Franseria chamissonis, 25, 53 Lakes, Santa Maria, 82, 83 Freezing, 107 Lake Talawa, 23, 24, 26, 27 Lamb, F. H., 19 Garcia River, 35 Landsberg, S. Y., 10, 16 Giant parabola, 24 Lands End, San Francisco, 42, 47, 52 Glacial advance, latest, 80 La Selva, 57, 65 Glacio-eustatic cycle, 67, 69, 80 dune complex, 65, 66 latest, 49 Lawson, A. C., 45, 48 Goatnut, 102 Leaf succulents, 19 Golden Gate, 6, 47, 48, 49, 52, 108 Lee-projection, 21, 84, 104 Golden Gate Park, 19, 35, 44, 47, 48 Les Landes, France, 116 Grassland, 18 Lichens, 103 Grays Harbor, Washington, 114 Limantour Spit, 41 Grazing, 19, 39, 105 Lithocarpus densiflora, 34 by sheep, 94 Little River, 30 Great Valley, 52 Littoral drift, 17, 18, 21, 37, 40, 41,48,49, Guadalupe Flandrian dune sheet, Santa 68, 92, 94, 96, 106 Maria River, 77, 86, 89 Live oak, 62, 75, 75, 78, 90 Gualala River, 36 forest, 62 Guilcher, André, 7 Lodgepole pine, 24, 71 Lone Mountain, San Francisco, 45 Handin, J. W., 7, 18, 96 "Longitudinal" dunes, 110 Haplopappus ericoides, 37, 38, 62, 63, 64, 65, Longshore current, 17, 30, 34, 47, 69, 74, 66, 71, 78, 79, 90, 91, 95, 97 81, 87, 96, 110 Happy Valley, San Francisco, 43 transport, 19 H arlé, H. and Harle, J., 116 Los Angeles, 19, 95 Hartnack, W., 112 plain, 7, 92 Hawley, H. J„ 57 Los Angeles River, 7 Heavy minerais, 17, 48, 70 ancestral, 96 Homo sapiens, 19 Los Berros Creek, 80, 81 Honshu, Japan, 116 Los Osos Creek, 75 Hookton formation, 32 Los Osos valley, 74, 75 Hoover, J. W., 6 Louderback, G. D., 48

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Lowland fir, 33, 34 Myriea calif arnica, 25 Lumbering, 19 Lupine, bush, 37 Nehalem, Oregon, 107 Lupinus arboreus, 71 Nelson, J. W., 96, 98 chamissonis, 37, 38, 78 Neskowin Creek, Oregon, 32 Lycium andersonii, 101 Netarts Bay, Oregon, 26 Newport Bay, 14, 92 McClures Beach, 39 Newport, Oregon, 10 McElroy, C. T., 117 New South Wales, 117 McGrath Lake, 95 Nipomo Creek, 81 Machaerocereus gummosus, 19, 103 Nipomo Mesa, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82, 83 Mad River, 6, 30, 31, 32 Nipomo Valley, 76, 81 Manhattan Beach, 97 Norris, R. M., 19, 93, 94 Manzanita, 62, 78, 93 and Norris, K. S., 104 Map, general, plate facing 4 North Head, Washington, 15 Marina, 58, 64 Marina sand, 61, 66 mechanical analysis, 61 Oakley sand, 77, 78, 98 Marram grass, 19, 25, 35, 36, 39, 40, 44, Oblique ridge, 109 90, 112 pattern, 109, 110 Marsh, 100 Ocean Beach, San Francisco, 42, 45, 47, deposits, 98 48, 50, 52 vegetation, 98 Oceano, 76 Maxson, J. H., 6, 17, 22, 23, 26, 27 Offshore bar, 98 Meadow, 84, 90 Oga Peninsula, Japan, 116 Mendocino County, 18 Ogle, B. A., 6, 32 Merced formation, 48 Olmsted, F. H., 94 Merriam, Patricia, 96, 98, 99 Opuntia, 18 Mesembryanthemum chilense, 53 occidentalis, 100 Mexican tea, 100, 102 prolifera, 100 Mii, Hideo, 116 Orcutt formation, 76, 79, 88, 89, 91, 93, Military damage to dunes, 19 115 Minard, C. R., Jr., 17, 39, 40, 41 Orcutt Mesa, 76, 78 Mining of sand, 19, 70 Orr, P. G, 93 Mission Bay, 45, 47 Orstein, 99 Mission Creek, 45 Oso Flaco Lake, 77, 86 Mitchell, J. K., 50 Oxnard plain, 7, 94 Moclips, Washington, 10, 107 Monterey, 65 Pachycereus pringlei, 18 Monterey Bay, 5, 6, 8, 16, 18, 19, 22, 56- Pacific Coastal Forest Complex, 18 69,70, 71, 72, 99,115 Padre Island, Texas, 110 Monterey dune complex, plate facing 56, Page, G. B., 96, 99 57, 58, 65, 67 Pajaro River, 6, 57, 67, 68, 69 Monterey formation, 73, 87 valley, 57, 65 Monterey Peninsula, 18, 19, 37, 56, plate Palos Verdes Hills, 96, 97 facing 56, 69-73, 111 Palos Verdes peninsula, 15, 91, 92, 96 Monterey pine, 18, 71, 72 promontory, 7 forest, 72 sand, 96 Monterey shale, 75, 79 Parabeldiine, 22 Monterey submarine canyon, 68 Parabola dune, 22, 25, 30, 38, 40, 45, 57, Moro Cojo loamy sand, 115 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 77, 78, Morro Bay, 18, 74-75, 112 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91, 93, 95, Morro Rock, 74 97, 105, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113 Moss Beach, 71 giant, 24, 85, 111, 113, 114 Mount Davidson, 42, 52 pattern, 83, 86, 87, 111, 114, 116 Mount Sutro, 42, 45, 47, 52 structures, 25, 62,64, 66, 74, 85, 86, 93, Mud Lake, 83 97, 114 Muehlberger, E. B., 4, 80 trough, 90 Muir, K. S., 89 Paso Robles formation, 57, 61 Munz, P. A., 4 Peat, 55, 56 Mussel Point, 36, 37 Petroleum industry, 95, 97 Mussel Rock, San Francisco, 48 Petterssen, Sverre, 10 Mussel Rock, Santa Maria, 79, 87 Phleger, F. B. and Ewing, G. C., 106 dune complex, 77, 78, 81 Picea sitchensis, 24 Flandrian dune sheet, 81, 89 Piedras Blancas Point, 15, 73 pre-Flandrian dune sheet, 78, 79, 80, 81 Pierce, W. D., 4, 96 ravine, 79, 87, 88 and Pool, D., 4, 96

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Pine, 18 Presidio Reservation, San Francisco, 45, forest, 71, 72 47, 52 Pinns contorta, 24, 71 Price, W. A., 110 Pinus muricata, 18 Prickly pear, 100 Pinus radiata, 18, 71 Pteridium aquilinum, 34 Pioneer group, 71 Punta Descanso, Baja California, 101 plants, 31, 65 Purer, E. A., 4 species, 31, 71 Purisima Point, 19, 73, 89-91 vegetation, 30 Putnam, W. C., 6, 7, 94 Pitahaya cactus, 19, 103, 104 Plants, indispensable for building coastal Quercus agrifolia, 44, 62 dunes, 112 Playa del Rey, 96 Point Arena, 14, 16, 35-36, 37 Radbruch, D. H. and Schiocker, J., 50 Point Arguello, 5, 15, 73, 74, 92, 93 Receptive shore, 21 Point Buchon, 73 Redondo Beach, 98 Point Conception, 6, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 50, Redwood, 18, 33 73, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 108 belt, 18 Point Cypress, 71, 72 Redwood Creek, 6, 27 dune area, 70 Refraction diagram, 17 Point Estero, 73, 74 Rejuvenation, 36, 64, 93, 94 Point Fermin, 15, 92 Residential developments, 97 Point Hueneme, 91, 92, 94-95 Rhus integrifolia, 101, 102 Point Joe, 70, 71, 72 Inn, 101, 102 , San Francisco, 42,45,47, 52 Richardson, R. W., 5, 57 Point Loma, 100 Rip current, 17 Point Mugu, 7, 18, 95 River outflow, 47 Point Pinos, 69 Rocky Point, 27, 30 dune complex, 71, 72 Rode, Karl, 57 Point Reyes, 33, 39-41 Rogue River, Oregon, 108 peninsula, 37, 39, 40 Rose, J. N., 4 proper, 39 Russian River, 6, 17 Point St. George, 22-27, 35, 38 Point Sal, 73, 76, 77, 87 Sacramento River, 6 ridge, 79, 87 Sacramento-San Joaquin river system, 47, Point San Jose, San Francisco, 43, 45, 47 108 Point San Pedro, 17 Salicornia subterminalis, 101, 102 Point Sierra Nevada, 73 Salinas River, 6, 57, 58, 59, 62, 65, 66, 67, Point Sur, 73 68, 69, 108 Poland, J. F., 96 flood plain, 64, 65 and Piper, A. M., 96, 98 valley, 57, 58, 61, 62 Pool, D., 4 Salix lasiolepis, 25, 82 Port Kembla, Australia, 116 Salt grass, 95 Portugal, 110 Salt marsh, 65, 67, 92, 95, 101, 103 Post-Flandrian period, 7 species, 101, 102 time, 8, 27, 113 Salt-tolerant species, 62, 63 Aiio Nuevo Point, 56 Saltwort, 101, 102 Humboldt Bay, 32 Salvia mellifera, 78 Point St. George, 26 Samoa, California, 31 Santa Maria River, 86 San Andreas fault zone, 5, 35, 36, 37, 40, , monthly and annual, plate 41 facing 4, 10, (Table) 11 San Antonio Creek, 89, 90 Precipitation ridge, 22, 30, 71, 109, 110, San Antonio Terrace, 89 111, 113, 114 San demente Island, 92, 93, 94 Pre-Flandrian dunes, 8, 113, 114, 115 , 8, 10, 19, 107, 108 Monterey Bay, 58, 68 region, 101 Morro Bay, 75 San Diego Bay, 100-101 Purisima Point, 89 San Diego County, 93, 100 San Dieguito River, 99 San Dieguito River, 99-100 Santa Maria River, 86 San Francisco, 12, 35, 42, 43, 50, 52, 53 Pre-Flandrian dune sheet, 115 dunes, about 1852, (fig.) 46 Monterey Bay, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66, 67, 68 as mapped by Blake, early 1850s, Morro Bay, 75 plate facing 42 Santa Maria River, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, present conditions, plate facing 42 81, 86 seasonal wind pattern, 50 Pre-Flandrian time, 67 wind directions and mean velocity, Preisker, C. L., 77 (Table) 51

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San Francisco Bay, 6, 8, 19, 42, 48, 52 Slipface, 21, 24, 31, 34, 39, 44, 54, 55, 59, Quaternary sediments, 50 63, 64, 66, 84, 87, 89, 100, 101, 104, San Francisco Peninsula, 42-52 110, 111, 115 San Gabriel River, 7 rate of advance, 54 San Joaquin River, 6 Smith, H. T. U., 22, 86 San Luis Range, 73, 75 Smith River, 6, 22, 23, 25 San Luis Valley, 74 plain, 22 San Miguel Island, 15, 93, 94 Soil, buried, 62, 99, 115 San Nicolas Island, 93, 94 formation, 67 San Pedro Martir, Sierra, Baia California, imperfectly developed, 62, 66 101 pre-Flandrian, 63, 64 San Pedro Point, 48 profile, 38, 77, 81, 97, 98, 99, 115 San Quintin, Baja California, 10, 101, 104 well-developed, 61 Sand-binding species, native, 112 Solger, F., 112 Sand, mining of, 19 Sonoma County, 18 Sand transport, 17 Spanish mission period, 105 Sand verbena, red, 74, 90, 92, 101, 102, Stabilization, 44, 54, 63, 64,67, 68,71, 81, 112 82, 85, 99, 104, 105, 106, 113 yellow, 25, 34 artificial, 31, 84 Santa Barbara, 6, 8, 18, 94 by chaparral, 18 Santa Barbara County, 92, 93 by plants, 37 Santa Catalina Island, 92 Stewarts Point, 33 Santa Clara River, 7, 92, 94 Stinson Beach, 41 Santa Clara Valley, 52 Storie, R. E., 61, 66, 115 Santa Cruz, 57 Story, J. A., 48 , 93 Strand vegetation, 31, 32 Santa Cruz Mountains, 56 Succulents, 18 Santa Cruz Point, 56 leaf, 19 Santa Lucia Mountains, 56 Succulent species, 21 Santa Lucia Range, 56, 73, 74 Sumac, 93, 100, 101, 102 Santa Maria lowland, 76, 77 Sunset Boulevard, San Francisco, 44 region, 115 Sunset Heights, San Francisco, 42, 47 Santa Maria River, 6, 8, 22, 75-89, 109 ancestral, 80 Table Bluff, 30, 31, 32 flood plain, 75, 77 Tangair soil series, 90 region, 4, 93, 115 Tan oak, 34 valley, 73, 76, 77, 80 Tasmania, 115 Santa Monica, 96 Temperature, monthly and annual, 8-9, Santa Monica Bay, 18, 96 (Table) 9, plate facing 4 Santa Monica Range, 6, 7 Tenmile River, Locality 4, 33-35 Santa Rosa Island, 93, 94 Terrace, 76, 77 Santa Ynez Range, 6, 7, 73, 89, 91 deposits, 76, 88 Santa Ynez River, 6, 91 Terraces, marine, 5, 6, 7, 33, 35, 36, 53, 57, valley, 73, 91 58, 69, 73, 75, 76, 87, 89, 91, 93, 94, Saucer blowout, 79, 89, 91 96, 100, 103 Savannah, Georgia, 107 fluvial, river, 58, 75, 76 Schiocker, J., 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50 Terry, R. D. and Uchupi, E., 96, 98 Schott, Gerhard, 14 Thorium, radioactive, 17, 48 Scirpus sp., 95 Thornthwaite, C. W., 8 Sea fig, 53 Tia Juana River, 101 Sea level, stable, 7, 68, 76, 114 valley, 100 glaucio-eustatic changes, 7, 41, 48, 49, Tillamook Head, Oregon, 14, 21, 26, 109, 75, 76, 80, 81, 83, 96, 113, 115, 117 113, 114 higher than now, 100 , 37, 38 Semidesert shrubs, 19 Tomales Point, 37, 39, 40, 41 Sequoia sempervirens, 18 Tongue hills, 25 Sewage disposal plant, 95, 99 Toro Creek, 57 Sharp, R. P., 6 Torrance plain, 96 Sheep, 93, 94 Tracer technique, 17 Shepard, F. P., 6, 7, 70 Transverse ridge, 26, 31, 84, 85, 86, 88,90, and Grant, U. S., IV, 91 104, 106, 109, 110 and Inman, D. L., 74 pattern, 21, 84, 109 Shore pine, 24, 31, 33, 71 Trask, P. D., 18, 40, 48, 50, 57 Shreve, Forrest, 18, 19, 101 and Rolston, J. W., 48, 50 Simmondsia chinensis, 102 Treasher, R. C., 48 Sisquoc River, 75 Tresselt, Peter, 4, 83 Sitka spruce, 24, 31 Trinidad Head, 5, 30

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Trough blowout, 63, 67, 73, 111 Wave action, 17 Tule, 95 Wax myrtle, 25, 44 Twin Peaks, San Francisco, 42, 52 Weaver, C. E., 38, 39 Wells, P. V., 78 U-dunes, Britain and Denmark, 16 Wilkes, Charles, 42 Undrained depressions, 59, 62, 63, 66, 77, Willapa Bay, Washington, 14 78, 86, 97, 99, 115 Willow, 25, 31, 44, 54, 56, 82 Upsiloidal dune, 22 thicket, 84, 90, 95 Upson, J. E., 6 Wind, average velocity, 12 Urbanization, 45 controlling factors, 114 Urban proliferation, 19 data, four stations California, one Ore- U.S. Army, Air Service, 53, 58 gon, (fig.) 12 U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, 58 direction, San Francisco, (Table) 51 U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 40, 49 "effective," 15, (Table) 16 U.S. Coast Survey, 43, 45, 49 effective directions, Monterey Bay, plate U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 19 facing 56 U.S. Weather Bureau, 10, 12, 50 frequency 12, (Table) 13 mean velocity, San Francisco, (Table) Valle de San Quintin, Baja California, 51 102-103 total velocity, 12 Van Dieren, J. W., 112 Wisconsin glaciation, maximum, 7 Vegetation, 18 Woodford, A. O., 68 desert, 8 Woodring, W. P., 7, 96 effectiveness as obstacle, 110 and Bramlette, M. N., 76, 88, 89, 115 pioneer, 30 Worts, G. F., Jr., 76 " Ventura, 94 Ventura County, 92 Yucca, 100, 101 Ventura River, 7, 94 Yucca schidigera, 100 Washover fan, 32 Water lilies, 82 Zeller, R. P., 4, 69 Watson, E. B„ 77 Zeuner, F. P., 7

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