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Stgd/Ned Kelly A4 . March NED KELLY Study Guide by Robert Lewis and Geraldine Carrodus ED KELLY IS A RE-TELLING OF THE WELL-KNOWN STORY OF THE LAST AUSTRALIAN OUTLAW. BASED ON THE NOVEL OUR SUNSHINE BY ROBERT DREWE, THE FILM REPRESENTS ANOTHER CHAPTER IN NAUSTRALIA’S CONTINUING FASCINATION WITH THE ‘HERO’ OF GLENROWAN. The fi lm explores a range of themes The criminals are at large and are armed including justice, oppression, relation- and dangerous. People are encouraged ships, trust and betrayal, family loyalty, not to resist the criminals if they see the meaning of heroism and the nature them, but to report their whereabouts of guilt and innocence. It also offers an immediately to the nearest police sta- interesting perspective on the social tion. structure of rural Victoria in the nine- teenth century, and the ways in which • What are your reactions to this traditional Irish/English tensions and four police was searching for the known story? hatreds were played out in the Austral- criminals. The police were ambushed by • Who has your sympathy? ian colonies. the criminals and shot down when they • Why do you react in this way? tried to resist. Ned Kelly has the potential to be a very This ‘news flash’ is based on a real valuable resource for students of History, The three murdered police have all left event—the ambush of a party of four English, Australian Studies, Media and wives and children behind. policemen by the Kelly gang in 1878, at Film Studies, and Religious Education. Stringybark Creek. Ned Kelly killed three The gang was wanted for a previous of the police, while a fourth escaped. INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY assault on a policeman, which left him wounded in the wrist by a gunshot. The • As a class, do a quick brainstorm to Here is a news fl ash straight from our gang is well known to police and is part establish what you know about Ned reporter in the fi eld. of a notorious criminal family, members Kelly and how you regard him. of which have served many years in •Are your attitudes different from your Three policemen have been killed in a prison in the past. reactions to the above news fl ash? shoot-out with a gang of four wanted Explain why or why not. criminals. One policeman has escaped to report on the events. 1854 Edward Kelly born at Beveridge in Victoria, probably in December 1854, the son of John (‘Red’) Kelly aged thirty-four, and Ellen or Quinn, aged twenty-two. Red Kelly had been transported from Ireland in 1840 for theft. As a child Ellen Quinn had been brought to 1855 Australia by her free emigrant parents. Ellen Kelly bore nine children (to several different fathers). Ned’s eldest sister died at birth and the next oldest died in 1872, leaving Ned as the oldest child. 1865 Ned saved a 7-year-old boy from drowning and was given a sash as a reward by the boy’s parents. (Ned was wearing that sash when he was captured at Glenrowan.) 1866 Red Kelly died, leaving Ned the oldest male in the family. 1869 Ned became an ‘apprentice’ or helper to bushranger Harry Power. Charged with assault and robbery. Dismissed. 1870 Charged with robbery under arms (helping Harry Power). Dismissed. Charged with assault and obscene language. Ned had taken a letter, with a pair of calf testicles in it, to a woman with whose husband Ned had disagreed. The letter was designed to insult the man, with whom Ned fought when he was there. Ned claimed that he was only deliver- ing the letter for someone else. Three months jail. 1871 Charged with illegally using a horse. Discharged. Charged with receiving a stolen horse (Kelly said he did not know it was stolen). Three years’ imprisonment. A policeman tried to shoot him during the arrest. Kelly overpowered the policeman and humiliated him by pretending to ride him like a horse. The policeman struck Kelly four or fi ve times around the head with his revolver after he had been arrested. 1874 Released from jail. Ned worked in various rural labouring jobs before becoming an overseer at a sawmill. 1877 Involved in an extensive cattle and horse stealing business with his new father-in-law. Charged with drunkenness and assaulting police. Fined. 1878 The incident at the Kelly farm. Constable Fitzpatrick claimed that he went there to arrest Dan Kelly, whereupon Ned attacked him and shot him in the hand. Others present claimed Fitzpatrick was drunk, had tried to molest Ned’s sister, Kate, and that he was hit with a shovel by Ellen Kelly. Ned Kelly usually denied being involved in this event (though sometimes his version of events changed and he agreed that he was there). Ned’s mother, with her newborn baby, was sentenced to three years’ jail for the assault. Ned and Dan fl ed to the bush. An arrest warrant was issued for Ned, for the ‘attempted murder’ of Constable Fitzpatrick. With brother Dan, Joe Byrne and Steve Hart, Kelly killed three policemen who had set out to arrest him, at Stringybark Creek. One policeman escaped. The Victorian Parliament passed an Act declaring him an outlaw—meaning that any person could legally shoot him on sight, and that any person who supported him could be arrested and imprisoned without trial. Despite this, the Kellys had many supporters and helpers in the area who provided the gang with supplies and information about the police who were searching for them. Kelly gang robbed the Euroa National Bank. They destroyed many of the documents held by the bank, which meant the bank did not know how much money people owed them. They then distributed the stolen money among their supporters, many of whom were struggling to make a living as selectors and rural labourers. 1879 Kelly gang robbed the Jerilderie Bank. Kelly left behind the Jerilderie Letter, setting out his version of the events in his life, and his grievances. Joe Byrne shot his friend Aaron Sherritt, suspecting him of being a police informant. 1880 The Kelly gang took control of Annie Jones’ hotel and held dozens of hos- tages. They ripped up the railway line to derail an expected train, and to kill the dozens of police aboard. A schoolteacher, Thomas Curnow, who had been set free by the Kellys so he could attend to his sick sister, warned the train driver just before the train reached the wrecked section of rails. The police surrounded the inn and a shootout began—with the Kellys wearing their armour for the fi rst and only time. Kelly was wounded and disap- peared for several hours. He returned to shoot it out with the police. Once the hostages were out (except for those who had been killed or wounded in the cross fi re during the siege), the police set fi re to the building. Joe Byrne had been killed early in the siege and Dan Kelly and Steve Hart probably committed suicide. Kelly was captured. A group of armed local supporters, who had been waiting for the train wreck, dispersed. Some Kelly experts believe that Ned had approached them during the siege and had told them to go because their plan had failed. Ned then went back to the siege to support his mates. Ned Kelly was tried before Justice Redmond Barry for the murder of Constable Lonigan at Stringybark Creek in 1878. He was found guilty and hanged on 11 November. CHART 1 CHART NAME RELATIONSHIP (to Ned) OFFENCE DATE OUTCOME EDWARD (NED) KELLY Assault and robbery 1869 Discharged Robbery under arms 1870 Discharged Obscene language 1870 3 months Assault 1870 3 months Assault 1870 12 months in default of sureties Horse stealing 1871 3 year s Drunk and assaulting police 1877 Fine or 3 months JAMES QUINN JNR Uncle, his mother’s younger brother Possession of stolen cattle 1856 Discharged Violent assault 1860 6 weeks Horse stealing 1860 Discharged Horse stealing 1861 4 months Assaulting police 1861 £10 or 6 weeks Horse stealing 1861 Discharged Violent assault 1862 Discharged Horse stealing 1864 12 months Threatening 1871 £5 or 6 weeks Assault 1871 3 months Bodily harm 1872 3 years Bodily harm 1872 18 months Bodily harm 1873 2 years Bodily harm 1878 Discharg ed JOHN QUINN Uncle, Ellen’s older brother Horse stealing 1860 Discharged Cattle stealing 1860 Discharg ed Robbery under arms 1861 Discharged JOHN KELLY Father Theft 1840 Transportation to Australia 7 years Unlawful possession of a hide 1865 6 months JAMES KELLY SNR Uncle, Red’s brother Cattle stealing 1862 Discharged Cattle stealing 1862 Discharged Cattle stealing 1863 3 years Arson 1863 15 years JAMES KELLY JNR Brother Illegally using a horse 1871 Discharged 1 Cattle stealing 1873 2 /2 years 1 Cattle stealing 1873 2 /2 years Horse stealing 1877 3 years DANIEL KELLY Brother Illegally using a horse 1871 Discharged Wilful damage 1877 3 months Stealing a saddle 1876 Discharged JOHN LLOYD SNR Uncle, his mother’s brother-in-law Assault 1860 Discharged Drunk and disorderly 1862 Discharged Larceny 1862 Discharged Cattle stealing 1865 5 years Maliciously killing a horse 1873 4 years THOMAS LLOYD SNR Uncle, his mother’s brother-in-law Cattle stealing 1865 5 years THOMAS LLOYD JNR Cousin, his mother’s sister’s son Wilful damage 1877 3 months Indecent assault 1878 3 months JOHN LLOYD JNR Cousin, his mother’s sister’s son Wilful damage 1877 3 months (Based on information in Keith McMenomy, Ned Kelly. The Authentic Illustrated History, Hardie Grant Publishing, Melbourne, 2001.) CHART 2 CHART You are now being asked to look at a WHO WAS NED KELLY? fi lm about Ned Kelly.
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