DOCSLIB.ORG

The Pollen Sequence of Les Échets (France)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Pollen Sequence of Les Échets (France) Document generated on 09/26/2021 8:39 a.m. Géographie physique et Quaternaire The Pollen Sequence of Les Échets (France): A New Element for the Chronology of the Upper Pleistocene La séquence pollinique des Échets (France): une nouvelle donnée pour la chronologie du Pleistocene supérieur Pollen Sequenz von Les Échets, Frankreich: En neues Element für die Chronologie des oberen Pleistozän Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu and Maurice Reille Volume 38, Number 1, 1984 Article abstract Les Échets mire (near Lyon, France) is one of the very few European sites URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/032531ar showing an almost continuous record from the glaciation that preceded the DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/032531ar Eemian up to now. The pollen diagram can easily be correlated with those from Grande Pile (Vosges). On the basis of a comparison between the two See table of contents sequences, the age of three clearly temperate post-Eemian episodes (Saint-Germain Ia, Ic and Il at Grande Pile) is discussed. The authors correlate these episodes with the Early Würm Interstadials of Amersfoort, Brorup and Publisher(s) Odderade described in Northern Europe and accept the chronology of Grande Pile that dates Saint-Germain I and Saint-Germain Il between ca 115 000 and Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal 70 000 BP, thus making them equivalents of deep sea isotopic stages 5c and 5a. This leads to refute the 14C chronology admitted up to now that places the Early ISSN Würm between 75 000 and 55 000 BP. Considering the predominant temperate episodes during this period, the authors propose to use the term "Pre-Würm" 0705-7199 (print) instead of "Early Würm". During the Middle Würm, three not well-marked 1492-143X (digital) interstadials can be recognized. No interstadial is found during the late Pleni-Würm. Explore this journal Cite this article de Beaulieu, J.-L. & Reille, M. (1984). The Pollen Sequence of Les Échets (France): A New Element for the Chronology of the Upper Pleistocene. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 38(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.7202/032531ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1984 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 1984, vol. XXXVIII, n° 1, p. 3-9, 2 fig. THE POLLEN SEQUENCE OF LES ÉCHETS (FRANCE): A NEW ELEMENT FOR THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE UPPER PLEISTOCENE Jacques-Louis de BEAULIEU and Maurice REILLE, Laboratoire de botanique historique et palynologie, ERA CNRS n° 404, Faculté des sciences et techniques Saint-Jérôme, université d'Aix-Marseille, 13397 Marseille cedex 13, France. ABSTRACT Les Échets mire (near Lyon, RÉSUME La séquence pollinique des ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Pollen Sequenz France) is one of the very few European sites Échets (France): une nouvelle donnée pour von Les Échets, Frankreich: En neues Elé­ showing an almost continuous record from la chronologie du Pleistocene supérieur. Le ment fur die Chronologie des oberen Pleis- the glaciation that preceded the Eemian up marais des Échets (près de Lyon, France) tozàn. Das Moor von Les Échets (in der to now. The pollen diagram can easily be constitue l'un des rares sites européens qui Nàhe von Lyon, Frankreich) ist eines der correlated with those from Grande Pile présente un remplissage à peu près continu wenigen europàischen Gelànde, das ein fast (Vosges). On the basis of a comparison depuis la glaciation qui a précédé l'Éémien kontinuierliches Zeugnis ablegt von der dem between the two sequences, the age of three jusqu'à nos jours. Le diagramme pollinique Eemian vorausgehenden Eiszeit bis heute. clearly temperate post-Eemian episodes peut aisément être mis en corrélation avec Das Pollendiagramm kann sehr leicht mit (Saint-Germain Ia, Ic and Il at Grande Pile) ceux de La Grande Pile (Vosges). À partir denen von Grande Pile (Vogesen) in Zusam- is discussed. The authors correlate these de comparaisons entre ces deux séquences, menhang gebracht werden. Ausgehend von episodes with the Early Wùrm Interstadials la position chronostratigraphique des trois dem Vergleich zwischen diesen zwei of Amersfoort, Brorup and Odderade de­ épisodes très nettement tempérés post- Sequenzen wird das Alter von drei auf das scribed in Northern Europe and accept the éémiens (Saint-Germain la, Ic et II à La Grande Eemian folgenden und eindeutig gemàpigten chronology of Grande Pile that dates Saint- Pile) est discutée. Les auteurs mettent en Stadien diskutiert (Saint-Germain la, Ic und Germain I and Saint-Germain Il between ca corrélation ces épisodes avec les interstades Il in Grande Pile). Die Autoren setzen dièse 115 000 and 70 000 BP, thus making them du Wùrm ancien, Amersfoort, Brorup et Episoden in Beziehung zu den Interstadialen equivalents of deep sea isotopic stages 5c Odderade, décrits en Europe du Nord et von Amersfoort, Brerup und Odderade, die and 5a. This leads to refute the '4C chronology acceptent la chronologie de La Grande Pile in Nord Europa beschrieben werden und admitted up to now that places the Early Wùrm qui situe Saint-Germain I et II entre environ akzeptieren die Chronologie von Grande Pile, between 75 000 and 55 000 BP. Considering 115 000 et 70 000 BP et qui en font les équi­ die Saint-Germain I und Saint-Germain II the predominant temperate episodes during valents des étages isotopiques océaniques zwischen etwa 115 000 und 70 000 v.u.Z. this period, the authors propose to use the 5c et 5a. Ceci implique que la chronologie datiert, und sie so zu Àquivalenten der iso- term "Pre-Wùrm" instead of "Early Wùrm". '4C admise jusqu'ici et plaçant le Wùrm ancien topischen Tiefsee-Stadien 5c und 5a macht. During the Middle Wùrm, three not well- entre environ 75 000 et 55 000 BP est tota­ Das fùhrt zu einer Ablehnung der '4C Chron­ marked interstadials can be recognized. No lement erronée. Compte tenu de la prépon­ ologie, die bisher galt, und das frùhe Wùrm interstadial is found during the late Pleni- dérance des épisodes tempérés durant cette zwischen 75 000 und 55 000 v.u.Z. ansetzte. Wùrm. période, les auteurs proposent le rempla­ Unter Beachtung der dominierenden gemàs- cement de la dénomination "Wùrm ancien" sigten Episoden wàhrend dieser Zeit schlagen par celle de "Pré-Wùrm ". Durant le Wùrm die Autoren vor, den Terminus "Prâ-Wùrm" moyen, trois interstades de faible amplitude an Stelle von "Frùhes Wùrm" zu benutzen. ont été reconnus aux Échets, alors qu'aucune Wàhrend des Mittel-Wùrms kônnen drei nicht variation climatique positive n'est décelable gut voneinander abgegrenzte Interstadiaie durant le Pléni-Wùrm final. erkannt werden. Wàhrend des spàteren Pleni- Wùrms kann kein Interstadial festgestellt werden. 4 J.-L de BEAULIEU et M. REILLE INTRODUCTION thin sections contain a great number of events, whereas other thicker sections (especially in the upper part) show more In the 1970's there was consensus on the main divisions homogeneous pollen spectra. of the Upper Pleistocene in Europe: after the Eemian inter­ glacial, the Early Wurm (Between ca 70 000 and 55 000 BP) was characterized by an alternation of cold periods and three THE LOCAL VEGETATIONAL HISTORY interstadials [Amersfoort (ZAGWIJN, 1961 ) ; Brorup (ANDER­ The diagram is divided into zones (letters) which cor­ SEN, 1961); Odderade (AVERDIECK, 1967)] marked in stra­ respond to the main climatic events, and subdivided in sub- totypes by a sparse woodland with Betula, Pinus, Picea (in zones which are local pollen zones (numbers). particular Picea omorikoides); the Wurm Pleniglacial was marked by much colder climatic conditions, relatively humid ZONE A represents the end of glacial period with a at first, then more arid; the Stielfried B lnterstadial (FINK, vegetation essentially dominated by herbaceous — especially 1956) around 30 000 - 35 000 BP was the only clear warming. steppic — formations; A2 reflects a late glacial period marked by increases of Juniperus and Betula. In 1975 and 1978, G. WOILLARD published pollen analyses from Grande Pile, the only West-European lacustrine Zone A is overlain by three layers of black organic mud sequence showing a continuous record since the glaciation (gyttja) divided by silt beds; they are characterized by forest that preceded the Eemian. These analyses showed two "In­ cycles all of them including a phase with Carpinus (zones B, terglacials" after the Eemian: Saint-Germain I and Saint-Ger­ D and F). main II, characterized by phases of forest development of ZONE B partly corresponds to the lowest gyttja layer; deciduous trees, in particular Carpinus; the first interglacial the important role of Abies and the presence of Hedera, was divided by a median cold phase (Saint-Germain Ib) with Buxus and Taxus indicate the Eemian. a boreal Pinus and Betula forest. ZONE C presents pollen spectra including a high per­ Following B. FRENZEL's concepts (1973, 1976, 1980) centage both of N.A.P., especially steppe species, and of according to which the North-European Eemian is anterior to mesophilous trees (Carpinus and Abies). It is very unlikely the Alpine Riss glaciation, and therefore to the Riss-Wùrm that a natural vegetation could yield such a pollen assemblage. Interglacial, Woillard put forward the hypothesis that Saint- Considering that the thermophilous pollen grains lie in silty Germain I and Il represent events not yet described and layers with rebedded gyttja fragments from underlying levels, correspond to an interval between the Eemian and the Early they certainly come from the preceding interglacial.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Last Maximum Ice Extent and Subsequent Deglaciation of the Pyrenees: an Overview of Recent Research
    Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 2015 Nº 41 (2) pp. 359-387 ISSN 0211-6820 DOI: 10.18172/cig.2708 © Universidad de La Rioja THE LAST MAXIMUM ICE EXTENT AND SUBSEQUENT DEGLACIATION OF THE PYRENEES: AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH M. DELMAS Université de Perpignan-Via Domitia, UMR 7194 CNRS, Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique, 52 avenue Paul Alduy 66860 Perpignan, France. ABSTRACT. This paper reviews data currently available on the glacial fluctuations that occurred in the Pyrenees between the Würmian Maximum Ice Extent (MIE) and the beginning of the Holocene. It puts the studies published since the end of the 19th century in a historical perspective and focuses on how the methods of investigation used by successive generations of authors led them to paleogeographic and chronologic conclusions that for a time were antagonistic and later became complementary. The inventory and mapping of the ice-marginal deposits has allowed several glacial stades to be identified, and the successive ice boundaries to be outlined. Meanwhile, the weathering grade of moraines and glaciofluvial deposits has allowed Würmian glacial deposits to be distinguished from pre-Würmian ones, and has thus allowed the Würmian Maximum Ice Extent (MIE) –i.e. the starting point of the last deglaciation– to be clearly located. During the 1980s, 14C dating of glaciolacustrine sequences began to indirectly document the timing of the glacial stades responsible for the adjacent frontal or lateral moraines. Over the last decade, in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides (10Be and 36Cl) have been documenting the deglaciation process more directly because the data are obtained from glacial landforms or deposits such as boulders embedded in frontal or lateral moraines, or ice- polished rock surfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 7 Cenozoic Era with Special Reference to Quaternary Period
    UNIT 7 CENOZOIC ERA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO QUATERNARY PERIOD Contents 7.0 Introduction 7.1 Position of Cenozoic in the Geologic Time Scale 7.2 Chronology of Cenozoic Era 7.3 Quaternary Period and Pleistocene Glaciations 7.4 Evidences of Pleistocene Glaciations 7.5 Pluvials and Inter-pluvials 7.6 Causes of Pleistocene Glaciations 7.7 Summary 7.8 References 7.9 Answers to Check your Progress Learning Objectives Once you have studied this unit, you should be able to: Know the chronology and position of Cenozoic Era in Geological Time Scale; Understand different periods of Cenozoic Era; Study various glaciation and inter glaciation phases; and Discuss the causes of Pleistocene climatic change 7.0 INTRODUCTION The Cenozoic Era is also known as Caenozoic or Cainozoic. Cenozoic literally means ‘new life’ after the Greek roots ‘kainos’ meaning ‘new’ and ‘zoico’ meaning ‘animal life’. The Cenozoic Era is of substantial interest for anthropologists since the evolution and diversification of fossil primates, including humans, took place during this era. Besides primates, a significant portion of the evolution and radiation of various groups of mammals also happened during the Cenozoic. It is for this reason that sometimes the Cenozoic is also termed as the ‘Age of Mammals’ who were the dominant animal life of earth during the Cenozoic Era. The era began about 65 million years ago and continues into the present. The existing locations of the continents and the distribution of current flora and fauna acquired its present-day configuration during this time period. The era began at the end of Cretaceous, the last phase of the Mesozoic.
    [Show full text]
  • Of SE Iranian Mountains Exemplified by the Kuh-I-Jupar, Kuh-I-Lalezar and Kuh-I-Hezar Massifs in the Zagros
    Umbruch 77.2-3 09.12.2008 15:43 Uhr Seite 71 Polarforschung 77 (2-3), 71 – 88, 2007 (erschienen 2008) The Pleistocene Glaciation (LGP and pre-LGP, pre-LGM) of SE Iranian Mountains Exemplified by the Kuh-i-Jupar, Kuh-i-Lalezar and Kuh-i-Hezar Massifs in the Zagros by Matthias Kuhle1 Abstract: Evidence has been provided of two mountain glaciations in the tion the Kuh-i-Lalezar massif (4374 m, 29°23'28.01" N 4135 m high, currently non-glaciated Kuh-i-Jupar massif in the semi-arid 56°44'49.38" E) has been visited in April and May 1973. The Zagros: an older period during the pre-LGP (Riss glaciation, c. 130 Ka) and a younger one during the LGP (Würm glaciation, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) results attained by Quaternary geological and geomorpholo- 4-2: 60-18 Ka). During the pre-LGP glaciation the glaciers reached a gical methods stand in contrast to earlier assumptions concern- maximum of 17 km in length; during the LGP glaciation they were 10-12 km ing the former glaciation of these semi-arid Iranian mountains. long. They flowed down into the mountain foreland as far as 2160 m (LGP glaciation) and 1900 m (pre-LGP glaciation). The thickness of the valley Parts – Kuh-i-Jupar massif – were already published in glaciers reached 550 (pre-LGP glaciation) and 350 m (LGP glaciation). German. They are included in this paper in a summarized During the pre-LGP a 23 km-wide continuous piedmont glacier lobe devel- form. In continuation of these results new observations from oped parallel to the mountain foot.
    [Show full text]
  • The “Missing Glaciations” of the Middle Pleistocene 2 3 Philip D
    1 The “Missing Glaciations” of the Middle Pleistocene 2 3 Philip D. Hughes1, Philip L. Gibbard2, Jürgen Ehlers3 4 1 Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, 5 The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom 6 2 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge 7 CB2 1ER, United Kingdom 8 3 Hellberg 2a, D-21514 Witzeeze, Germany 9 10 Abstract 11 Global glaciations have varied in size and magnitude since the Early-Middle 12 Pleistocene transition (~773 ka), despite the apparent regular and high-amplitude 100 13 kyr pacing of glacial-interglacial cycles recorded in marine isotopic records. The 14 evidence on land indicates that patterns of glaciation varied dramatically between 15 different glacial-interglacial cycles. For example, MIS (Marine Isotope Stages) 8, 10 16 and 14 are all noticeably absent from many terrestrial glacial records in North 17 America and Europe. However, globally, the patterns are more complicated with 18 major glaciations recorded in MIS 8 in Asia and in parts of the Southern Hemisphere, 19 such as Patagonia for example. This spatial variability in glaciation between glacial- 20 interglacial cycles is likely to be driven by ice volume changes in the West Antarctic 21 Ice Sheet and associated interhemispheric connections through ocean-atmosphere 22 circulatory changes. The weak global glacial imprint in some glacial-interglacial 23 cycles is related to the pattern of global ice build-up. This is caused by feedback 24 mechanisms within glacier systems themselves which partly result from long-term 25 orbital changes driven by eccentricity.
    [Show full text]
  • Neandertal Dental Microwear Texture Analysis: a Bioarchaeological Approach Jessica L. Droke
    Neandertal Dental Microwear Texture Analysis: A Bioarchaeological Approach Jessica L. Droke B. A., University of Tennessee: Knoxville, 2013 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Anthropology at the University of Indianapolis June 2017 Dr. Christopher W. Schmidt, Advisor To my parents, Ann and Thomas Shearon Who have loved me unconditionally and supported all my academic endeavors And To my partner, Kristen A. Broehl Who has been an endless source of encouragement, a world-class editor, and my biggest fan Acknowledgments I would like to thank Dr. Christopher W. Schmidt for all of his guidance and support throughout this process and for allowing me to pursue such an ambitious and interesting project. Dr. Schmidt has been instrumental in helping to develop this approach and in bringing together the people and materials which made this study possible. I would like to thank Dr. Gregory A. Reinhardt for his advice and thoughtful edits throughout the writing process. I would also like to extend a special thanks Dr. Frank L’Engle Williams and Dr. John C. Willman for providing the Neandertal dental casts used in this study, their willingness to work cooperatively, and for their suggestions along the way. I would like to thank the graduate students in the Anthropology program at the University of Indianapolis, especially Rose L. Perash and Arysa Gonzalez- Romero, for their investment in this project since its inception and above all for their excellent friendship. I thank my family, particularly my parents Ann and Thomas Shearon, my sister Sarah Droke, and my grandmother Joanne Van Cleave for their support and encouragement during the pursuit of my academic goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen-Based Temperature and Precipitation Changes in the Ohrid Basin (Western Balkans) Between 160 and 70 Ka
    Clim. Past, 15, 53–71, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-53-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Pollen-based temperature and precipitation changes in the Ohrid Basin (western Balkans) between 160 and 70 ka Gaia Sinopoli1,2,3, Odile Peyron3, Alessia Masi1, Jens Holtvoeth4, Alexander Francke5,6, Bernd Wagner5, and Laura Sadori1 1Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy 2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy 3Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France 4Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 5Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany 6Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia Correspondence: Alessia Masi ([email protected]) Received: 18 June 2018 – Discussion started: 6 July 2018 Revised: 3 December 2018 – Accepted: 3 December 2018 – Published: 11 January 2019 Abstract. Our study aims to reconstruct climate changes that After the Eemian, an alternation of four warm/wet periods occurred at Lake Ohrid (south-western Balkan Peninsula), with cold/dry ones, likely related to the succession of Green- the oldest extant lake in Europe, between 160 and 70 ka (cov- land stadials and cold events known from the North Atlantic, ering part of marine isotope stage 6, MIS 6; all of MIS 5; and occurred. The observed pattern is also consistent with hydro- the beginning of MIS 4). A multi-method approach, includ- logical and isotopic data from the central Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • Luminescence Dating of Glaciofluvial Deposits Linked to the Penultimate
    Quaternary International 357 (2015) 110e124 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint Luminescence dating of glaciofluvial deposits linked to the penultimate glaciation in the Eastern Alps * Lukas Bickel a, , Christopher Lüthgens a, Johanna Lomax b, Markus Fiebig a a Institute of Applied Geology, Department of Civil Engineering and Natural Hazards, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter Jordan-Straße 70, 1190 Vienna, Austria b Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Senckenbergstraße 1, 35390 Giessen, Germany article info abstract Article history: During the penultimate glaciation vast areas of the Alps were glaciated, with piedmont glaciers pro- Available online 6 November 2014 truding into the foreland. In the easternmost part of the northward draining valleys of the Alps, the glaciers did not reach the foreland, but formed valley glaciers confined by the mountainous terrain. This Keywords: also applies to the Ybbs valley, where samples for luminescence dating out of glaciofluvial gravel ac- Penultimate glaciation cumulations were taken at three locations along the present day river course. In a highly dynamic Deglaciation depositional environment, such as a glacier-fed river system, incomplete resetting of the luminescence Luminescence dating signal is possible, in particular when transport distances are short. In such cases, quartz usually is the Eastern Alps Glaciofluvial deposits preferred mineral over feldspar, especially if dose rates are low and may theoretically allow obtaining quartz ages beyond 150 ka. Because previous research has shown, and as corroborated within this study, quartz from the research area exhibits analytical problems in the high age range. Therefore luminescence properties of coarse grain (100e200 mm) quartz and in addition K-rich feldspar were investigated with the aim to reconstruct the chronology of the glacial processes within the Ybbs catchment area.
    [Show full text]
  • Prehistory; a Study of Early Cultures in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library GN775.B95 P8 3 1924 029 918 699 olln Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029918699 PREHISTORY CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CLAY, Manager LONDON : FETTER LANE, E.C. 4 NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN CO. BOMBAY \ CALCUTTA . MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd. MADRAS J TORONTO : THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd. TOKYO : MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREHISTORY A STUDY OF EARLY CULTURES IN EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN BY M. C. BURKITT, M.A., F.G.S. with a short preface by L'Abb£ H. BREUIL PROFESSOR AT THE INSTITUTE OF HUMAN PALAEONTOLOCy, PARIS CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS I 9 2 I PREFACE I TEXT-BOOK on Prehistoric Archaeology is by no means A. an easy thing to write, and the matter is still further complicated to-day by the tremendous rise in the expense of publication, especially if many plates are figured. Again, in a subject such as Prehistory, so closely connected with various branches of written History, Geology, Ethnology, and Later Archaeology, it is very difficult to know when to be ultra-elementary, and when to assume a slight general knowledge of one of these allied subjects. Thus, in the chapters which deal with purely geological problems, a student of Geology wishing to learn something of Prehistory will find some of the most elementary geological ideas ex- plained at length, as all are not geologists.
    [Show full text]
  • Page Black Sea Transgressions During The
    R. Olteanu - Black Sea Transgressions During the Late Holocene BLACK SEA TRANSGRESSIONS DURING THE LATE HOLOCENE Radu OLTEANU “Emil Racovitză” Speological Institute, 31 Frumoasa Str., Bucharest, Romania Abstract. The Ostracoda communities suggests that the Danube Delta area was flooded by brackish water species three times during the Upper Holocene. Key words: Danube Delta, Holocene, Ostracoda, transgression, regression INTRODUCTION just when a temple with big marble columns brought from Anatolia with a big galley was under construction. The Danube Delta is situated in an area of high The temple remained unfinished. mobility of the Earth crust, repeatedly affected by strong It could be what is known as Istrian regressive phase subsidence and important sediment accumulation. (Bleahu, 1962) or Phanegorian regression (Fedorov, Presently, the subsidence of the coastal zone nearby the 1971). Danube Delta mouth is estimated between 1.5 and 1.8 The following are some ideas on the evolution of this mm/yr. The observations from the last century show the area. tendency of sea level rising by 1.5-4.0 mm/yr. (Panin, 1999). 1. The actual deltaic conditions established in the The Danube Delta edifice (300-400 m thickness of Danube gulf during the Quaternary (?), when the sedimentary material) was formed mainly during the Danube River started flowing into the Black Sea basin. Upper Pleistocene (Karangatian, Sourojshian, Neo- What was before the Danube River, which did itself have Euxinian) and especially during the Holocene (Panin, a history closely related to the evolution of the Dacian 1998, 1999). Generally, the Danube sediment basin? discharges is almost 55 M.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Lithostratigraphy, Palaeopedology and Geomorphology
    Eiszeitalter u. Gegenwart Band 23/24 Seite 268-280 Öhringen/Württ., 15. Oktober 1973 B. Foreland of the Alps 1. Lithostratigraphy, Palaeopedology and Geomorphology by HANS GRAUL, Heidelberg *) With 2 figures 1. Introduction The northern Alpine foreland, as far as it belongs to the drainage systems of the Danube and the Lake Constance-Rhine Rivers and within the political boundaries of the Federal Republic of Germany will be dealt with in this short summary. The latest papers concerning Quaternary research in the West German Alpine foreland can be found in the first ten references of the bibliography. In addition, these reports can be drawn on for references to older literature. The attempt of RICHMOND (1970) to compare the qua­ ternary stratigraphy of the Alps with the Rocky Mountains will be also gone into. As is well known, PENCK (1901—1909), who, together with BRÜCKNER, discovered the four glaciations of the Alps, named them after the foreland rivers Würm, Riss, Mindel and Günz. Everyone also has cognizance of the didactical principle, whereby the alpha­ betical sequence was applied to rivers which were not too small and at the same time allochthonous to the foreland. It is a fact that PENCK & BRÜCKNER, with their strati- graphical principle of tetraglacialism, were able to connect loci typici, which are still useful, for the glacial series of one of the four ice ages in the area of its like-named river. The present common names for those ice ages divided by true interglaciations have been internationally accepted through the use of the PENCK-BRÜCKNER names for the last (Würm) and the three preceding ones.
    [Show full text]
  • European and Northwest African Middle Pleistocene Hominids1
    European and Northwest African Middle Pleistocene Hominids1 by F. Clark Howell THE SPARSE REPRESENTATION of human skeletal remains known from the Middle Pleistocene of Europe or from the Middle Pleistocene has always been one of the Africa with in situ human skeletal remains, stone im· greatest gaps in human-paleontological knowledge. At plements, and the bones of slaughtered animals. first, Southeastern Asia was unique in having provided These human skeletal remains, taken in conjunction remains from the Trinil beds in Java, but the signifi­ with those from the Middle Pleistocene of eastern and cance of this poorly preserved skull-cap was confirmed southern Asia, have an important bearing on interpre­ and greatly amplified by subsequent discoveries (Von tations of the course of human evolution. The signifi­ Koenigswald 1940) of better preserved specimens at cance of these discoveries has been obscured by the pre­ other localities of similar age, as well as in the still occupation of some human paleontologists with other older Djetis beds. Still tfuly unique in all the world is human remains either suspected to be of Pleistocene the somewhat younger occupation site of Locality 1 antiquity or questionable due to an extraordinary com· Choukoutien, with its extraordinarily abundant, prob­ plex of morphological features (the famous hoax of ably cannibalized, human remains in association with Piltdown). Largely as a consequence of this, there have hearths, stone implements (Choukoutienian chopper/ grown up two main interpretations of man's phylogeny chopping-tool complex), and remains of slaughtered in the Pleistocene, one depending on the possible im­ animals. portance of the suspicious "fossils," and the other de­ For many years, the only such find from the West was pending only on the scanty, but well-dated, human fos­ the enigmatic human mandible from the Grafenrain sils enumerated above.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Viewing Archiving 300
    SERVICE GÉOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE MÉMOIRE No t8 The Quaternary of Belgium in its relationship to the stratigraphicallegend of the geological Map BY R. PAEPE and R. VANHOORNE IMPRIMERIE CENTRALE 'du Ministère des AH'aires économiques Rue J.-A. De Mot, 24-26 1040 BRUXELLES - 33.8.4.75 THE QUATERNARY OF BELGIUM IN ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE STRATIGRAPHICAL LEGEND OF THE GEOWGICAL Ml\P. By R. PAEPE and R. VANHOORNE Geological Survey of Belgium Rijksuniversitair Centrum in and Vrije Universiteit Brussel Antwerpen and Royal Belgian 1nstitute of Natural Sciences. Centre for Quaternary Stratigraphy, Bru~sels. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HISTORY AND MODIFICATION OF THE STRATIGRAPHie LEGEND 3. THE QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY WITH A PROJECT OF NEW LEGEND 3.1. The Pleistocene Series 3.1.1. Lower Pleistocene 3.1.1.1.Mol Sands and Kieseloolithic Terrace Gravels 3.1.1.2.Campine Clays and Sands 3.1.1.3.Campine High Terrace 3.1.2. Middle Pleistocene 3.1.2.1.Relief 1nversion - Plateau Terraces 3.1.2.2.Marine 1nterglacial Deposits 3.1.2.3.Continental Deposits 3.1.3. Upper Pleistocene 3.2. The Holocene Series 1. INTRODUCTION The first stratigraphical classification of general acceptance, with regard to the quaternary deposits of Belgium, was elaborated in the stratigraphicallegend of the Geolo­ gical Map's first issue in 1892. As ali legends it summarizes the status of knowledge yielded by that time about the system of quaternary deposits in our country. Four modified publications of this legend appeared successively in 1896, 1900, 1909 and 1929. Ali were basically the same except for the very last one which excelled by its striking poorness.
    [Show full text]