Luminescence Dating of Glaciofluvial Deposits Linked to the Penultimate
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The Last Maximum Ice Extent and Subsequent Deglaciation of the Pyrenees: an Overview of Recent Research
Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 2015 Nº 41 (2) pp. 359-387 ISSN 0211-6820 DOI: 10.18172/cig.2708 © Universidad de La Rioja THE LAST MAXIMUM ICE EXTENT AND SUBSEQUENT DEGLACIATION OF THE PYRENEES: AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH M. DELMAS Université de Perpignan-Via Domitia, UMR 7194 CNRS, Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique, 52 avenue Paul Alduy 66860 Perpignan, France. ABSTRACT. This paper reviews data currently available on the glacial fluctuations that occurred in the Pyrenees between the Würmian Maximum Ice Extent (MIE) and the beginning of the Holocene. It puts the studies published since the end of the 19th century in a historical perspective and focuses on how the methods of investigation used by successive generations of authors led them to paleogeographic and chronologic conclusions that for a time were antagonistic and later became complementary. The inventory and mapping of the ice-marginal deposits has allowed several glacial stades to be identified, and the successive ice boundaries to be outlined. Meanwhile, the weathering grade of moraines and glaciofluvial deposits has allowed Würmian glacial deposits to be distinguished from pre-Würmian ones, and has thus allowed the Würmian Maximum Ice Extent (MIE) –i.e. the starting point of the last deglaciation– to be clearly located. During the 1980s, 14C dating of glaciolacustrine sequences began to indirectly document the timing of the glacial stades responsible for the adjacent frontal or lateral moraines. Over the last decade, in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides (10Be and 36Cl) have been documenting the deglaciation process more directly because the data are obtained from glacial landforms or deposits such as boulders embedded in frontal or lateral moraines, or ice- polished rock surfaces. -
Unit 7 Cenozoic Era with Special Reference to Quaternary Period
UNIT 7 CENOZOIC ERA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO QUATERNARY PERIOD Contents 7.0 Introduction 7.1 Position of Cenozoic in the Geologic Time Scale 7.2 Chronology of Cenozoic Era 7.3 Quaternary Period and Pleistocene Glaciations 7.4 Evidences of Pleistocene Glaciations 7.5 Pluvials and Inter-pluvials 7.6 Causes of Pleistocene Glaciations 7.7 Summary 7.8 References 7.9 Answers to Check your Progress Learning Objectives Once you have studied this unit, you should be able to: Know the chronology and position of Cenozoic Era in Geological Time Scale; Understand different periods of Cenozoic Era; Study various glaciation and inter glaciation phases; and Discuss the causes of Pleistocene climatic change 7.0 INTRODUCTION The Cenozoic Era is also known as Caenozoic or Cainozoic. Cenozoic literally means ‘new life’ after the Greek roots ‘kainos’ meaning ‘new’ and ‘zoico’ meaning ‘animal life’. The Cenozoic Era is of substantial interest for anthropologists since the evolution and diversification of fossil primates, including humans, took place during this era. Besides primates, a significant portion of the evolution and radiation of various groups of mammals also happened during the Cenozoic. It is for this reason that sometimes the Cenozoic is also termed as the ‘Age of Mammals’ who were the dominant animal life of earth during the Cenozoic Era. The era began about 65 million years ago and continues into the present. The existing locations of the continents and the distribution of current flora and fauna acquired its present-day configuration during this time period. The era began at the end of Cretaceous, the last phase of the Mesozoic. -
Of SE Iranian Mountains Exemplified by the Kuh-I-Jupar, Kuh-I-Lalezar and Kuh-I-Hezar Massifs in the Zagros
Umbruch 77.2-3 09.12.2008 15:43 Uhr Seite 71 Polarforschung 77 (2-3), 71 – 88, 2007 (erschienen 2008) The Pleistocene Glaciation (LGP and pre-LGP, pre-LGM) of SE Iranian Mountains Exemplified by the Kuh-i-Jupar, Kuh-i-Lalezar and Kuh-i-Hezar Massifs in the Zagros by Matthias Kuhle1 Abstract: Evidence has been provided of two mountain glaciations in the tion the Kuh-i-Lalezar massif (4374 m, 29°23'28.01" N 4135 m high, currently non-glaciated Kuh-i-Jupar massif in the semi-arid 56°44'49.38" E) has been visited in April and May 1973. The Zagros: an older period during the pre-LGP (Riss glaciation, c. 130 Ka) and a younger one during the LGP (Würm glaciation, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) results attained by Quaternary geological and geomorpholo- 4-2: 60-18 Ka). During the pre-LGP glaciation the glaciers reached a gical methods stand in contrast to earlier assumptions concern- maximum of 17 km in length; during the LGP glaciation they were 10-12 km ing the former glaciation of these semi-arid Iranian mountains. long. They flowed down into the mountain foreland as far as 2160 m (LGP glaciation) and 1900 m (pre-LGP glaciation). The thickness of the valley Parts – Kuh-i-Jupar massif – were already published in glaciers reached 550 (pre-LGP glaciation) and 350 m (LGP glaciation). German. They are included in this paper in a summarized During the pre-LGP a 23 km-wide continuous piedmont glacier lobe devel- form. In continuation of these results new observations from oped parallel to the mountain foot. -
The “Missing Glaciations” of the Middle Pleistocene 2 3 Philip D
1 The “Missing Glaciations” of the Middle Pleistocene 2 3 Philip D. Hughes1, Philip L. Gibbard2, Jürgen Ehlers3 4 1 Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, 5 The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom 6 2 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge 7 CB2 1ER, United Kingdom 8 3 Hellberg 2a, D-21514 Witzeeze, Germany 9 10 Abstract 11 Global glaciations have varied in size and magnitude since the Early-Middle 12 Pleistocene transition (~773 ka), despite the apparent regular and high-amplitude 100 13 kyr pacing of glacial-interglacial cycles recorded in marine isotopic records. The 14 evidence on land indicates that patterns of glaciation varied dramatically between 15 different glacial-interglacial cycles. For example, MIS (Marine Isotope Stages) 8, 10 16 and 14 are all noticeably absent from many terrestrial glacial records in North 17 America and Europe. However, globally, the patterns are more complicated with 18 major glaciations recorded in MIS 8 in Asia and in parts of the Southern Hemisphere, 19 such as Patagonia for example. This spatial variability in glaciation between glacial- 20 interglacial cycles is likely to be driven by ice volume changes in the West Antarctic 21 Ice Sheet and associated interhemispheric connections through ocean-atmosphere 22 circulatory changes. The weak global glacial imprint in some glacial-interglacial 23 cycles is related to the pattern of global ice build-up. This is caused by feedback 24 mechanisms within glacier systems themselves which partly result from long-term 25 orbital changes driven by eccentricity. -
Mark B. Roberts 10 the Earliest Ciive S Gamble the British Isles Occupation
Mark B. Roberts 10 The earliest occupation of Europe: ciive s Gamble the British Isles David R. Bridgland The evidence presented here suggests that the British This division is not based on any shift, real or perceived, in Isles wasfirst colonized at the heginning of the temperate hominid material culture nor on any concept of hominid or interglacial stage that immediately pre-dates the Anglian species change; rather it reflects the large scale changes to cold Stage. Lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic the palaeogeography and mammalian fauna composition of mode Hing correlates the Anglian with Oxygen Isotope Britain, that occurred as the result of physical and climatic Stage 12. which is dated to between 478. and 423 Kyr BP. factors relating to this glacial/cold event. The fixing in time Accordingly, the earliest occupation ofBritain occurred of the Anglian Stage has not yet been unequivocally agreed around half a million years ago. The early colonizers are upon by British Quaternary scientists but the weight of assigned, front the Boxgrove specimen, to the species Homo evidence suggests correlation with Oxygen Isotope Stage cf heidelbergensis. One hundred thousand years later, at (OIS) 12 (see below and Table 1). The model presented Swanscombe, this group hegins to exhibit some cranial here, although it fits with this hypothesis, is free-standing skeletal characteristics usually assoeiated with the and allows for future fine tuning of the geochronological Neanderthal lineage. Throughout the period covered by this timescale. pa/ter l/icrc is apparent stasis in the lithic industries, which On the evidence currently available to Quaternary include both biface dominant assemblages andflake tooi scientists, it is thought that the first hominids arrived in dominant assemblages. -
Neandertal Dental Microwear Texture Analysis: a Bioarchaeological Approach Jessica L. Droke
Neandertal Dental Microwear Texture Analysis: A Bioarchaeological Approach Jessica L. Droke B. A., University of Tennessee: Knoxville, 2013 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Anthropology at the University of Indianapolis June 2017 Dr. Christopher W. Schmidt, Advisor To my parents, Ann and Thomas Shearon Who have loved me unconditionally and supported all my academic endeavors And To my partner, Kristen A. Broehl Who has been an endless source of encouragement, a world-class editor, and my biggest fan Acknowledgments I would like to thank Dr. Christopher W. Schmidt for all of his guidance and support throughout this process and for allowing me to pursue such an ambitious and interesting project. Dr. Schmidt has been instrumental in helping to develop this approach and in bringing together the people and materials which made this study possible. I would like to thank Dr. Gregory A. Reinhardt for his advice and thoughtful edits throughout the writing process. I would also like to extend a special thanks Dr. Frank L’Engle Williams and Dr. John C. Willman for providing the Neandertal dental casts used in this study, their willingness to work cooperatively, and for their suggestions along the way. I would like to thank the graduate students in the Anthropology program at the University of Indianapolis, especially Rose L. Perash and Arysa Gonzalez- Romero, for their investment in this project since its inception and above all for their excellent friendship. I thank my family, particularly my parents Ann and Thomas Shearon, my sister Sarah Droke, and my grandmother Joanne Van Cleave for their support and encouragement during the pursuit of my academic goals. -
Pollen-Based Temperature and Precipitation Changes in the Ohrid Basin (Western Balkans) Between 160 and 70 Ka
Clim. Past, 15, 53–71, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-53-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Pollen-based temperature and precipitation changes in the Ohrid Basin (western Balkans) between 160 and 70 ka Gaia Sinopoli1,2,3, Odile Peyron3, Alessia Masi1, Jens Holtvoeth4, Alexander Francke5,6, Bernd Wagner5, and Laura Sadori1 1Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy 2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy 3Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France 4Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 5Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany 6Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia Correspondence: Alessia Masi ([email protected]) Received: 18 June 2018 – Discussion started: 6 July 2018 Revised: 3 December 2018 – Accepted: 3 December 2018 – Published: 11 January 2019 Abstract. Our study aims to reconstruct climate changes that After the Eemian, an alternation of four warm/wet periods occurred at Lake Ohrid (south-western Balkan Peninsula), with cold/dry ones, likely related to the succession of Green- the oldest extant lake in Europe, between 160 and 70 ka (cov- land stadials and cold events known from the North Atlantic, ering part of marine isotope stage 6, MIS 6; all of MIS 5; and occurred. The observed pattern is also consistent with hydro- the beginning of MIS 4). A multi-method approach, includ- logical and isotopic data from the central Mediterranean. -
Prehistory; a Study of Early Cultures in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library GN775.B95 P8 3 1924 029 918 699 olln Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029918699 PREHISTORY CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CLAY, Manager LONDON : FETTER LANE, E.C. 4 NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN CO. BOMBAY \ CALCUTTA . MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd. MADRAS J TORONTO : THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd. TOKYO : MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREHISTORY A STUDY OF EARLY CULTURES IN EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN BY M. C. BURKITT, M.A., F.G.S. with a short preface by L'Abb£ H. BREUIL PROFESSOR AT THE INSTITUTE OF HUMAN PALAEONTOLOCy, PARIS CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS I 9 2 I PREFACE I TEXT-BOOK on Prehistoric Archaeology is by no means A. an easy thing to write, and the matter is still further complicated to-day by the tremendous rise in the expense of publication, especially if many plates are figured. Again, in a subject such as Prehistory, so closely connected with various branches of written History, Geology, Ethnology, and Later Archaeology, it is very difficult to know when to be ultra-elementary, and when to assume a slight general knowledge of one of these allied subjects. Thus, in the chapters which deal with purely geological problems, a student of Geology wishing to learn something of Prehistory will find some of the most elementary geological ideas ex- plained at length, as all are not geologists. -
Ice-Rafted Erratics with Early Middle Pleistocene Shallow Marine
Published in Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association (2011) Possible ice-rafted erratics in late Early to early Middle Pleistocene shallow marine and coastal deposits in northeast Norfolk, UK. Nigel R. Larkina*, Jonathan R. Leeb & E. Rodger Connellc a The Natural History Department, Norfolk Museums and Archaeology Service, Shirehall, Market Avenue, Norwich, Norfolk NR1 3JQ, UK [email protected] b British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK [email protected] c Geography and Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, St Mary’s, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF UK [email protected] *Corresponding author: email [email protected] telephone 07973 869613 Abstract Erratic clasts with a mass of up to 15 kg are described from preglacial shallow marine deposits (Wroxham Crag Formation) in northeast Norfolk. Detailed examination of their petrology has enabled them to be provenanced to northern Britain and southern Norway. Their clustered occurrence in coastal sediments in Norfolk is believed to be the product of ice-rafting from glacier incursions into the North Sea from eastern Scotland and southern Norway, and their subsequent grounding and melting within coastal areas of what is now north Norfolk. The precise timing of these restricted glaciations is difficult to determine. However, the relationship of the erratics to the biostratigraphic record and the first major expansion of ice into the North Sea suggest these events occurred during at least one glaciation between the late Early Pleistocene and early Middle Pleistocene (c. 1.1−0.6 Ma). In contrast to the late Middle (Anglian) and Late Pleistocene (Last Glacial Maximum) glaciations, where the North Sea was largely devoid of extensive marine conditions, the presence of far-travelled ice-rafted materials implies that earlier cold stage sea-levels were considerably higher. -
The Pollen Sequence of Les Échets (France)
Document generated on 09/26/2021 8:39 a.m. Géographie physique et Quaternaire The Pollen Sequence of Les Échets (France): A New Element for the Chronology of the Upper Pleistocene La séquence pollinique des Échets (France): une nouvelle donnée pour la chronologie du Pleistocene supérieur Pollen Sequenz von Les Échets, Frankreich: En neues Element für die Chronologie des oberen Pleistozän Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu and Maurice Reille Volume 38, Number 1, 1984 Article abstract Les Échets mire (near Lyon, France) is one of the very few European sites URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/032531ar showing an almost continuous record from the glaciation that preceded the DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/032531ar Eemian up to now. The pollen diagram can easily be correlated with those from Grande Pile (Vosges). On the basis of a comparison between the two See table of contents sequences, the age of three clearly temperate post-Eemian episodes (Saint-Germain Ia, Ic and Il at Grande Pile) is discussed. The authors correlate these episodes with the Early Würm Interstadials of Amersfoort, Brorup and Publisher(s) Odderade described in Northern Europe and accept the chronology of Grande Pile that dates Saint-Germain I and Saint-Germain Il between ca 115 000 and Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal 70 000 BP, thus making them equivalents of deep sea isotopic stages 5c and 5a. This leads to refute the 14C chronology admitted up to now that places the Early ISSN Würm between 75 000 and 55 000 BP. Considering the predominant temperate episodes during this period, the authors propose to use the term "Pre-Würm" 0705-7199 (print) instead of "Early Würm". -
Page Black Sea Transgressions During The
R. Olteanu - Black Sea Transgressions During the Late Holocene BLACK SEA TRANSGRESSIONS DURING THE LATE HOLOCENE Radu OLTEANU “Emil Racovitză” Speological Institute, 31 Frumoasa Str., Bucharest, Romania Abstract. The Ostracoda communities suggests that the Danube Delta area was flooded by brackish water species three times during the Upper Holocene. Key words: Danube Delta, Holocene, Ostracoda, transgression, regression INTRODUCTION just when a temple with big marble columns brought from Anatolia with a big galley was under construction. The Danube Delta is situated in an area of high The temple remained unfinished. mobility of the Earth crust, repeatedly affected by strong It could be what is known as Istrian regressive phase subsidence and important sediment accumulation. (Bleahu, 1962) or Phanegorian regression (Fedorov, Presently, the subsidence of the coastal zone nearby the 1971). Danube Delta mouth is estimated between 1.5 and 1.8 The following are some ideas on the evolution of this mm/yr. The observations from the last century show the area. tendency of sea level rising by 1.5-4.0 mm/yr. (Panin, 1999). 1. The actual deltaic conditions established in the The Danube Delta edifice (300-400 m thickness of Danube gulf during the Quaternary (?), when the sedimentary material) was formed mainly during the Danube River started flowing into the Black Sea basin. Upper Pleistocene (Karangatian, Sourojshian, Neo- What was before the Danube River, which did itself have Euxinian) and especially during the Holocene (Panin, a history closely related to the evolution of the Dacian 1998, 1999). Generally, the Danube sediment basin? discharges is almost 55 M. -
Timing of the Maximum Extent of Late Pleistocene Glaciation in N.W
Journal of the Lundy Field Society, 4, 2014 TIMING OF THE MAXIMUM EXTENT OF LATE PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION IN N.W. EUROPE: EVIDENCE FROM LUNDY by CHRIS J. ROLFE1,2*, PHILIP D. HUGHES3 AND ANTONY G. BROWN1 1 Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ 2 Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN 3 Geography, School of Environment and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper presents geomorphological and cosmogenic isotope evidence for the glaciation of Lundy. 26Al/10Be analyses from glaciated bedrock surfaces reveal an exposure age of c. 35-40ka. This challenges the long-established view that the last glaciation this far south must belong to Middle Pleistocene, such as the Anglian Stage (c. 480-420 ka), when ice reached as far south as London. Instead, the findings suggest glaciation of Lundy during the last ice age (Devensian Stage). However, the ages from Lundy suggest that the ice sheet in this area was at its largest extent well before the global Last Glacial Maximum at c. 26-21 ka. Keywords: Lundy, British-Irish Ice Sheet, Devensian, Glaciation, Cosmogenic INTRODUCTION A great deal of controversy has surrounded the extent, age and origin of glacial features and landforms in the southwest British Isles for over 170 years. The established view by most geoscientists is that the most extensive ice sheet in the British Isles occurred during the Anglian/Elsterian Stage (c. 480-430ka; ka=kilo annum, or thousands of years) and reached as far south as the north Devon and Cornish coasts.