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Native Plants of East Central Illinois and Their Preferred Locations”
OCTOBER 2007 Native Plants at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Campus: A Sourcebook for Landscape Architects and Contractors James Wescoat and Florrie Wescoat with Yung-Ching Lin Champaign, IL October 2007 Based on “Native Plants of East Central Illinois and their Preferred Locations” An Inventory Prepared by Dr. John Taft, Illinois Natural History Survey, for the UIUC Sustainable Campus Landscape Subcommittee - 1- 1. Native Plants and Plantings on the UIUC Campus This sourcebook was compiled for landscape architects working on projects at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign campus and the greater headwaters area of east central Illinois.1 It is written as a document that can be distributed to persons who may be unfamiliar with the local flora and vegetation, but its detailed species lists and hotlinks should be useful for seasoned Illinois campus designers as well. Landscape architects increasingly seek to incorporate native plants and plantings in campus designs, along with plantings that include adapted and acclimatized species from other regions. The term “native plants” raises a host of fascinating scientific, aesthetic, and practical questions. What plants are native to East Central Illinois? What habitats do they occupy? What communities do they form? What are their ecological relationships, aesthetic characteristics, and practical limitations? As university campuses begin to incorporate increasing numbers of native species and areas of native planting, these questions will become increasingly important. We offer preliminary answers to these questions, and a suite of electronic linkages to databases that provide a wealth of information for addressing more detailed issues. We begin with a brief introduction to the importance of native plants in the campus environment, and the challenges of using them effectively, followed by a description of the database, online resources, and references included below. -
Osher Lifelong Learning Institute
USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System Conservation of Fruit & Nut Genetic Resources Joseph Postman Plant Pathologist & Curator National Clonal Germplasm Repository Corvallis, Oregon May 2010 Mission: Collect – Preserve Evaluate – Enhance - Distribute World Diversity of Plant Genetic Resources for Improving the Quality and Production of Economic Crops Important to U.S. and World Agriculture Apple Accessions at Geneva Malus angustifolia ( 59 Accessions) Malus sikkimensis ( 14 Accessions) Malus baccata ( 67 Accessions) Malus sp. ( 41 Accessions) Malus bhutanica ( 117 Accessions) Malus spectabilis ( 9 Accessions) Malus brevipes ( 2 Accessions) Malus sylvestris ( 70 Accessions) Malus coronaria ( 98 Accessions) Malus toringo ( 122 Accessions) Malus domestica ( 1,389 Accessions) Malus transitoria ( 63 Accessions) Malus doumeri ( 2 Accessions) Malus trilobata ( 2 Accessions) Malus florentina ( 4 Accessions) Malus tschonoskii ( 3 Accessions) Malus floribunda ( 12 Accessions) Malus x adstringens ( 2 Accessions) Malus fusca ( 147 Accessions) Malus x arnoldiana ( 2 Accessions) Malus halliana ( 15 Accessions) Malus x asiatica ( 20 Accessions) Malus honanensis ( 4 Accessions) Malus x astracanica ( 1 Accessions) Malus hupehensis ( 185 Accessions) Malus x atrosanguinea ( 2 Accessions) Malus hybrid ( 337 Accessions) Malus x dawsoniana ( 2 Accessions) Malus ioensis ( 72 Accessions) Malus x hartwigii ( 5 Accessions) Malus kansuensis ( 45 Accessions) Malus x magdeburgensis ( 2 Accessions) Malus komarovii ( 1 Accessions) Malus x micromalus ( 25 Accessions) -
The Importance of Geographic and Biological Variables in Predicting
Horticulture Publications Horticulture 6-2013 The mpI ortance of Geographic and Biological Variables in Predicting the Naturalization of Non- Native Woody Plants in the Upper Midwest Mark P. Widrlechner Iowa State University, [email protected] Emily J. Kapler Iowa State University, [email protected] Philip M. Dixon Iowa State University, [email protected] Janette R. Thompson Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/hort_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Forest Management Commons, Horticulture Commons, and the Statistical Models Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ hort_pubs/33. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Horticulture at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Horticulture Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The mpI ortance of Geographic and Biological Variables in Predicting the Naturalization of Non-Native Woody Plants in the Upper Midwest Abstract The es lection, introduction, and cultivation of non-native woody plants beyond their native ranges can have great benefits, but also unintended consequences. Among these consequences is the tendency for some species to naturalize and become invasive pests in new environments to which they were introduced. In lieu of lengthy and costly field trials, risk-assessment models can be used to predict the likelihood of naturalization. -
SHRUBS Almond Russian ‘Regal’ (Prunus Tenella ‘Regal’ ) NRCS Selection
TREE DESCRIPTIONS Big Sioux Nursery, Inc. 16613 Sioux Conifer Road Watertown, SD 57201 1-605-886-6806 1-800-968-6806 E-Mail: [email protected] SHRUBS Almond Russian ‘Regal’ (Prunus tenella ‘Regal’ ) NRCS selection. Introduced from Europe and Asia. Suckers to form small colony. Produces showy pink or white flowers and a hairy inedible fruit. Can tolerate heavy clay and gumbo soils. Doesn’t tolerate waterlogged soil. (Size: 6/32, 12-20”) Aronia 'McKenzie' (Aronia melanocarpa) NRCS Selection. Attractive white flowers, glossy foliage, and black berries. Edible fruit attracts birds. Excellent fall color. (Size 6/32”, 12-20”) Buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea Native. Suckers to form colony. High pH and drought tolerant. Attractive silver leaves. Red fruit can be used for jelly. Good for wildlife. (Size: 6/32”, 12-20”) Caragana (Caragana arborescens) Introduced from Siberia and Manchuria. Sometimes called pea shrub. Produces yellow flowers in spring. Non-edible seedpods. Fine-leafed. High pH and drought tolerant. Extremely hardy and long lived. (Size: 6/32”, 12-20”) Cherry, Mongolian (Prunus fruticosa) Introduced from Eastern Europe, Asia, Siberia, and Mongolia. Suckers slowly to form a colony. Glossy leaves. Showy white flowers and tart red fruit. Excellent for jelly. (Size: 5/32”, 12-20”) Cherry, Nanking (Prunus tomentosa) Introduced from China and Japan. Showy flowers and sweet red fruit. Good for jelly. Plants may be renewed by cutting to ground. Good for wildlife. (Size: 5/32”, 12-20”) Cherry, Sand (Prunus besseyi) Native. Glossy silver-green leaves. Suckers slightly to produce a low thicket. White flowers in spring and purple fruit in summer. -
The Effects of DNA Methylation Inhibition on Flower Development in the Dioecious Plant Salix Viminalis
Article The Effects of DNA Methylation Inhibition on Flower Development in the Dioecious Plant Salix Viminalis Yun-He Cheng 1,2 , Xiang-Yong Peng 3, Yong-Chang Yu 1,2, Zhen-Yuan Sun 1,2 and Lei Han 1,2,* 1 Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100193, China; [email protected] (Y.-H.C.); [email protected] (Y.-C.Y.); [email protected] (Z.-Y.S.) 2 Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100193, China 3 Life and Science College, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-62889652 Received: 25 January 2019; Accepted: 16 February 2019; Published: 18 February 2019 Abstract: DNA methylation, an important epigenetic modification, regulates the expression of genes and is therefore involved in the transitions between floral developmental stages in flowering plants. To explore whether DNA methylation plays different roles in the floral development of individual male and female dioecious plants, we injected 5-azacytidine (5-azaC), a DNA methylation inhibitor, into the trunks of female and male basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) trees before flower bud initiation. As expected, 5-azaC decreased the level of DNA methylation in the leaves of both male and female trees during floral development; however, it increased DNA methylation in the leaves of male trees at the flower transition stage. Furthermore, 5-azaC increased the number, length and diameter of flower buds in the female trees but decreased these parameters in the male trees. The 5-azaC treatment also decreased the contents of soluble sugars, starch and reducing sugars in the leaves of the female plants, while increasing them in the male plants at the flower transition stage; however, this situation was largely reversed at the flower development stage. -
Tree Planting and Management
COMMONWEALTH WAR GRAVES COMMISSION Tree Planting and Management Breadth of Opportunity The spread of the Commission's responsibilities over some 148 countries in temperate, mediterranean, tropical and desert climates provides wonderful opportunities to experiment with nature's wealth of tree species. We are particularly fortunate in being able to grow many interesting and beautiful trees and we will explain how we manage them and what splendid specimens they can make. Why Plant Trees? Trees are planted for a variety of reasons: their amenity value, leaf shape and size, flowers, fruit, habit, form, bark, landscape value, shelter or screening, backcloth planting, shade, noise and pollution reduction, soil stabilisation and to encourage wild life. Often we plant trees solely for their amenity value. That is, the beauty of the tree itself. This can be from the leaves such as those in Robinia pseudoacacia 'Frisia', the flowers in the tropical tree Tabebuia or Albizia, the crimson stems of the sealing wax palm (Cyrtostachys renda), or the fruit as in Magnolia grandiflora. above: Sealing wax palms at Taiping War Cemetery, Malaysia with insert of the fruit of Magnolia grandiflora Selection Generally speaking the form of the left: The tropical tree Tabebuia tree is very often a major contributing factor and this, together with a sound knowledge of below: Flowers of the tropical the situation in which the tree is to tree Albizia julibrissin be grown, guides the decision to the best choice of species. Exposure is a major limitation to the free choice of species in northern Europe especially and trees such as Sorbus, Betula, Tilia, Fraxinus, Crataegus and fastigiate yews play an important role in any landscape design where the elements are seriously against a wider selection. -
Cultivated Willows Would Not Be Appropriate Without Mention of the ‘WEEPING WILLOW’
Alexander Robertson Notes on willows cultivated in Scotland and a few sketches of willows sampled from my clonal collection HISTORICAL NOTES Since the knowledge of willows is of great antiquity, it is with the ancient Greeks and Romans we shall begin, for among these people numerous written records remain. The growth habit, ecology, cultivation and utilization of willows was well— understood by Theophrastus, Ovid, Herodotus, Pliny and Dioscorides. Virgil was also quite familiar with willow, e.g. Damoetas complains that: “Galatea, saucy girl, pelts me with apples and then runs off to the willows”. ECLOGIJE III and of foraging bees: “Far and wide they feed on arbutus, pale-green willows, on cassia and ruddy crocus .. .“ GEORGICS IV Theophrastus of Eresos (370—285 B.C.) discussed many aspects of willows throughout his Enquiry into Plants including habitats, wood quality, coppicing and a variety of uses. Willows, according to Theophrastus are lovers of wet places and marshes. But he also notes certain amphibious traits of willows growing in mountains and plains. To Theophrastus they appeared to possess no fruits and quite adequately reproduced themselves from roots, were tolerant to flooding and frequent coppicing. “Even willows grow old and when they are cut, no matter at what height, they shoot up again.” He described the wood as cold, tough, light and resilient—qualities which made it useful for a variety of purposes, especially shields. Such were the diverse virtues of willow that he suggested introducing it for plant husbandry. Theophrastus noted there were many different kinds of willows; three of the best known being black willow (Salix fragilis), white willow (S. -
Pruning and Training Small Trees and Shrubs
Pruning and Training Average Life Expectancy of Small Trees and Shrubs Street Trees Downtown: 7 years City Average: 32 years Best City Site: 60 years Rural Site: 150 years Dr. Laura G. Jull Dept. of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-Madison Plant Selection Prune based on client’s One of the most important decisions needs but keep in mind Poor plant choices become plant health and natural maintenance problems form of plant Plant the right plant in the right place Use adaptable plants specific to site, whether native or not See UW-Extension Publication A- 3864: Choosing the Right Landscape Plants: Factors to Consider at http://learningstore.uwex.edu Objectives of Pruning Principles of Good Pruning Control size Always assess entire plant before making any cuts Direct and train growth Never prune without a good Influence flowering and fruiting reason Corrective pruning Keep in mind growth rate of Maintain health and appearance plant, form, mature height and . Remove dead, diseased, or damaged tissue width Safety: hazard trees Don’t forget flower and fruit Rejuvenate old, overgrown plants display Specialty pruning: topiary, espalier, All plants have a finite life, pleaching, pollarding, bonsai may not be worth rejuvenating half dead shrub 1 General Responses to Pruning General Responses to Pruning Responds by making new Breaks apical dominance growth elsewhere Removal of terminal shoot/bud Stimulates budbreak at cut . Sap flow stops to terminal Response varies based on: . Shoots just below wound sprout . Growth habit Related to reduced flow of auxin . Plant age Common example: pinching of tips of annuals causes bushiness . Size Removal of lateral shoot . -
Salix × Meyeriana (= Salix Pentandra × S
Phytotaxa 22: 57–60 (2011) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Correspondence PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2011 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) Salix × meyeriana (= Salix pentandra × S. euxina)―a forgotten willow in Eastern North America ALEXEY G. ZINOVJEV 9 Madison Ave., Randolph, MA 02368, USA; E-mail: [email protected] Salix pentandra L. is a boreal species native to Europe and western Siberia. In North America it is considered to have been introduced to about half of the US states (Argus 2007, 2010). In Massachusetts it is reported from nine of the fourteen counties (Sorrie & Somers 1999). Even though this plant may have been introduced to the US and Canada, its naturalization in North America appears to be quite improbable. Unlike willows from the related section Salix, in S. pentandra twigs are not easily broken off and their ability to root is very low, 0–15% (Belyaeva et al. 2006). It is possible to propagate S. pentandra from softwood cuttings (Belyaeva et al. 2006) and it can be cultivated in botanical gardens, however, vegetative reproduction of this species by natural means seems less likely. In North America this willow is known only by female (pistillate) plants (Argus 2010), so for this species, although setting fruit, sexual reproduction should be excluded. It is difficult to imagine that, under these circumstances, it could escape from cultivation. Therefore, most of the records for this willow in North America should be considered as collections from cultivated plants or misidentifications (Zinovjev 2008–2010). Salix pentandra is known to hybridize with willows of the related section Salix. -
Crabapple Malus
Crabapple Malus Throughout the winter, many cultivars of crabapple trees including Malus x 'Red Jade' and Malus x 'Prairiefire’ can be easily identified by their branches bursting with small, bright red fruit. Beside adding color to a stark landscape, the fruit provides an important source of food to birds. When they bloom in late April or early May, crabapples are a crucial species for pollinators, as their early blossoms and month-long flowering season help to sustain bees. When they are in bloom, crabapple trees are effective for pollinating any variety of apple tree within fifty feet. In fact, orchardists used to take their blossoming branches and put them in a bucket of water in the middle of their apple orchards so that bees would visit the crabapple blossoms and then visit the apple blossoms as they opened on the apple trees, improving the fruit set. There are numerous species with the genus Malus, and not all of them have winter fruit. The definition encompasses all wild apples, which are much smaller than those grown commercially and named based on their pinching, sour taste. While wild apples are believed to have originated in Kazakhstan and then spread throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, there are a number of varieties indigenous to North America, including malus angustifolia (narrow-leafed crab apple), malus coronaria (prairie crab apple), and malus ioensis (Iowa crab apple). These were particularly beloved by Henry David Thoreau, who wrote at length about them in his 1862 essay Wild Apples, noting that some fruits were “sour enough to set a squirrel's teeth on edge and make a jay scream.” While some fruits are incredibly tart, they are not toxic aside from the seeds. -
~Plants of the Yampa Valley~ D ROU GH T TOLERA N T Species List
~Plan t s of t he Y am pa V alley ~ D R OU GH T TOLER A N T Speci es Li st PLANT KEY D = drought tolerant S = Shade C = Clay tolerant A = Annual W = requires wet GC = Ground cover N = Native DR = deer resistant P! = Poisonous B = Butterfly E = edible part(s) F = fragrant SA = salt tolerant FO = unique foliage H= Hummingbird ZONE Information: USDA maps divide the Unites States into eleven zones by average minimum temperatures. All numbers are degrees Fahrenheit. Zone 1: Below -50* Zone 2: -50/-40 Zone: 3 -40/-30 Zone 4: -30/-20 Zone 5: -20/-10 Zone 6: -10/0 Zone 7: 0/+10 Zone 8: +10/+20 Zone 9: +20/+30 Zone 10: +30/+40 Zone 11: Above +40* *Located outside the continental US. United States Hardiness Zones Image: http://www.arborwise.com/treemasters/tm_hardiness.htm Gr asses Plant Name Zone Height Flower color Bloom comments Width time Achnatherum (3) 12’“-24” D, N Cool season; Full sun; ;little or speciosum 12”-24” no water; grows well in sands and (Oryzopsis well-drained soils; clump grass; tight hymenoides) at base, spreading and open above; Indian rice grass leaves bright green to brown in summer heat; open airy flower clusters Andropogon gerardii (4) 5’-8’ D, N warm season; full sun; Lush Big bluestem, summer foliage; BIG; no shade; Turkeyfoot wide range of moisture and soils; tolerates clay, best in sandy; tallgrass prairie; fall colora orange Bouteloua (4) 36” D, N warm season; Full sun; heavy curtipendula or sandy soil; can take prolonged Side-oats grama drought; cut back in autumn; mass planting best Bouteloua gracilis (3) 8-15” -
Landscaping with Edible Colorado Native Plants
Landscaping with Edible Colorado Native Plants This list was developed for a presentation given to members of the Front Range Wild Ones on March 4, 2014 by Brian Elliott. The list is not exhaustive but provides a number of plant choices for edible native landscapes in Colorado. It must be emphasized, however, that the use of wild foods can be a hazardous undertaking, particularly if one is unfamiliar with plant identification. One must be certain of species identification prior to using native plant species for food! If wild plant material is gathered I recommend following the Colorado Native Plant Society’s guidance on Ethics of Collecting Native Plants available at www.conps.org/pdf/About_Us/etics_of_collecting.pdf. TREES AND SHRUBS Scientific Name Common Name Habit Edibility Amelanchier alnifolia and Saskatoon medium shrubs The small pomes can be eaten raw, dried, or pounded and used in A. utahensis serviceberry, Utah to small trees pies, cakes, jellies, sauces, breads, and wine. Dried and pounded serviceberry fruit was also stored in large loaves, some weighing as much as fifteen pounds. Crataegus spp. hawthorn small trees The fruit can be used fresh or dried in jams, jellies, pies, sauces, or for wine. The seeds, however, should not be eaten. The fruit can also be cooked, mashed, de-seeded, dried, and then ground into cakes or loaves. These loaves can be used as meal or added to flour. Cooking improves the usually mealy and insipid fruit. Flowers can be used in salads, desserts, and drinks. Colorado species include Crataegus erythropoda (cerro hawthorn), Crataegus rivularis (river hawthorn), Crataegus macrantha var.