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El Sexismo En La Industria Musical De La Ola Coreana (Hallyu)

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El Sexismo En La Industria Musical De La Ola Coreana (Hallyu) Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas de Elche Titulación de Periodismo Trabajo Fin de Grado Curso Académico 2017-2018 El sexismo en la industria musical de la Ola coreana (Hallyu) The sexism in the Korean wave’s (Hallyu) music industry Alumna: María José Martín-Montalvo Hinarejos Tutora: María Carmen Martínez González Resumen El Hallyu marcó un antes y un después en el desarrollo cultural y económico de Corea del Sur desde su nacimiento en la década de los 90. Este movimiento, comúnmente llamado “Ola coreana”, se posicionó como referencia del país surcoreano en materia audiovisual para el resto del mundo. Por este motivo es necesario que la representación de la mujer sea adecuada y no se produzca ningún tipo de discriminación sexista. A razón de ello, en este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se lleva a cabo un análisis cuantitativo y otro cualitativo sobre los videoclips pertenecientes a la industria musical del Hallyu (K- Pop). Los artistas musicales surcoreanos ejercen de modelo, tanto artístico como visual, para la sociedad de Corea del Sur y por este motivo el estudio intenta determinar el nivel de sexismo en esta rama del Hallyu. A través de este se llega a la conclusión de que la discriminación sexista traspasa fronteras y ámbitos profesionales. En la industria musical surcoreana todavía se les da un mayor protagonismo a los artistas masculinos y las mujeres quedan relegadas a un segundo plano, tanto en cantidad de contenido como en su temática. Además, la diferencia numérica entre artistas masculinos y femeninos es significante. En las grandes compañías de entretenimiento se prima la promoción de sus agrupaciones y solistas masculinos a las mujeres artistas. Esta disparidad queda patente en el número de visualizaciones obtenidas en sus videoclips en Youtube, donde los hombres se alzan con la mayoría de visitas y también con la mayor cantidad de vídeos subidos. Por otro lado, también se encuentran algunas características sexistas en el contenido audiovisual de los vídeos propios del género del K-Pop. La discriminación puede venir dada desde por la cosificación de la mujer hasta la idealización de un modelo de belleza femenino. Por lo tanto, es necesario poner en relieve el problema del sexismo en el movimiento sociocultural del Hallyu para entender mejor la construcción social de las representaciones de género en la sociedad de Corea del Sur. Palabras clave. Sexismo, Hallyu, Ola coreana, K-Pop, Youtube Abstract The Hallyu marked a before and an after in South Korea’s cultural and economic development since its birth in the 90’s. This movement, commonly known as “Korean wave”, posicioned itself as southkorean’s main reference in terms of audiovisual content for the rest of the world. For this reason is necessary that the women representation is accurate and there is no sexist discrimination. As a result, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the videoclips from the Hallyu’s music industry (K-Pop) is carried out in this Final Degree. The southkorean’s artists played out as role models, artistically and visually, for the society of South Korea. This study tries to determinate the level of sexism on this side of Hallyu. Through this one comes to the conclusion that sexist discrimination knows no borders or professional fields. There’s still being given a much bigger importance to the male artists and women are still being reduced to a background figure, in terms of quantity and also thematic, in the southkorean’s music industry. Also, the numeric difference between male and female artist is quite significant. In the big entertainment companies comes first the promotion of their male groups and soloists rather than their female ones. This disparity is made clear in the number of visualizations achieved in their Youtube videoclips, where men get the most views and also have the highest amount of published videos. On the other hand, some sexist features are found in the audiovisual content from the genre of K-Pop. Women discrimination can be seen in different forms, from their objectification to the idealization of female beauty. Therefore, it is necessary to place the focus of sexism in the sociocultural movement of Hallyu to get a better understanding of South Korea’s social construction of gender representation. Keywords. Sexism, Hallyu, Korean wave, K-Pop, Youtube Índice 1.- Introducción. ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1.- Objetivos. .............................................................................................................. 2 1.2.- Hipótesis. .............................................................................................................. 2 2.- Estado de la cuestión. .............................................................................................. 3 2.1.- Antecedentes. .................................................................................................... 3 2.2.- ¿Qué es el Hallyu? ............................................................................................ 4 2.3.- K-Pop. ............................................................................................................... 5 2.4.- Estudios llevados a cabo anteriormente. ........................................................... 8 2.5.- Estereotipos de género en el Hallyu. ................................................................. 9 3. Metodología. ........................................................................................................... 11 4.- Resultados. ............................................................................................................. 13 4.1.- Compañías de entretenimiento más populares de Corea del Sur. ................... 13 4.2.- SM Entertainment. .......................................................................................... 13 4.3.- Big Hit Entertaiment. ...................................................................................... 26 4.4.- JYP Entertainment. ......................................................................................... 32 4.5.- Resultados obtenidos en las compañías de entretenimiento de Corea del Sur. ................................................................................................................................. 42 4.6.- Análisis cuantitativo del canal de Youtube de las compañías de entretenimiento de Corea del Sur ............................................................................ 44 4.7.- Contenido sexista en la temática de los videoclips del K-Pop........................ 45 5.- Discusión de los resultados. ............................................................................... 47 6.- Conclusiones. ......................................................................................................... 48 7.- Bibliografía. ........................................................................................................... 49 7.1.- Webgrafía. ....................................................................................................... 50 Summary 1.- Introduction. ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1.- Objetives. .............................................................................................................. 2 1.2.- Hypothesis. ........................................................................................................... 2 2.- State of the matter. ................................................................................................... 3 2.1.- Background. ...................................................................................................... 3 2.2.- What is Hallyu?................................................................................................. 4 2.3.- K-Pop. ............................................................................................................... 5 2.4.- Studies done before. .......................................................................................... 8 2.5.- Gender stereotypes in Hallyu. ........................................................................... 9 3. Methodology. .......................................................................................................... 11 4.- Results ................................................................................................................... 13 4.1.- The most popular entertainment companies in South Korea .......................... 13 4.2.- SM Entertainment. .......................................................................................... 13 4.3.- Big Hit Entertaiment. ...................................................................................... 26 4.4.- JYP Entertainment. ......................................................................................... 32 4.5.- Results from the entertainment companies in South Korea. ........................... 42 4.6.- Quantitative analysis from the entertainment companies in South Korea ...... 44 4.7.- Sexist content in the thematics of K-Pop’s videoclips.................................... 45 5.- Discussion of the results .................................................................................... 47 6.- Conclusions. .......................................................................................................... 48 7.- Bibliography. ........................................................................................................
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