Structure Determination and Prediction of Zeolites -- a Combined Study by Electron Diffraction, Powder X-Ray Diffraction and Database Mining
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The Regional Distribution of Zeolites in the Basalts of the Faroe Islands and the Significance of Zeolites As Palaeo- Temperature Indicators
The regional distribution of zeolites in the basalts of the Faroe Islands and the significance of zeolites as palaeo- temperature indicators Ole Jørgensen The first maps of the regional distribution of zeolites in the Palaeogene basalt plateau of the Faroe Islands are presented. The zeolite zones (thomsonite-chabazite, analcite, mesolite, stilbite-heulandite, laumontite) continue below sea level and reach a depth of 2200 m in the Lopra-1/1A well. Below this level, a high temperature zone occurs characterised by prehnite and pumpellyite. The stilbite-heulan- dite zone is the dominant mineral zone on the northern island, Vágar, the analcite and mesolite zones are the dominant ones on the southern islands of Sandoy and Suðuroy and the thomsonite-chabazite zone is dominant on the two northeastern islands of Viðoy and Borðoy. It is estimated that zeolitisa- tion of the basalts took place at temperatures between about 40°C and 230°C. Palaeogeothermal gradients are estimated to have been 66 ± 9°C/km in the lower basalt formation of the Lopra area of Suðuroy, the southernmost island, 63 ± 8°C/km in the middle basalt formation on the northernmost island of Vágar and 56 ± 7°C/km in the upper basalt formation on the central island of Sandoy. A linear extrapolation of the gradient from the Lopra area places the palaeosurface of the basalt plateau near to the top of the lower basalt formation. On Vágar, the palaeosurface was somewhere between 1700 m and 2020 m above the lower formation while the palaeosurface on Sandoy was between 1550 m and 1924 m above the base of the upper formation. -
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Bibliography on the Occurrence, Properties, and Uses of Zeolites From
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE OCCURRENCE, PROPERTIES, AND USES OF ZEOLITES FROM SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS, 1985-1992 by Richard A. Sheppard and Evenne W. Sheppard Open-File Report 93-570-A This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Denver, Colorado 1993 CONTENTS Page Abstract .............................................................................................. 1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 Description of bibliography ....................................................................... 1 Zeolite bibliography ................................................................................ 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE OCCURRENCE, PROPERTIES, AND USES OF ZEOLITES FROM SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS, 1985-1992 by Richard A. Sheppard and Evenne W. Sheppard ABSTRACT This bibliography is an alphabetical listing of about 2,000 publications and formal releases, including patents and selected abstracts, from the world literature on the occurrence, properties, and uses of zeolites from sedimentary deposits for the period 1985 to 1992. The bibliography is available as hard copy or on a 3.5-inch floppy diskette, which was prepared on a Macintosh LC computer using EndNote Plus software. Computer -
Adamsite-(Y), a New Sodium–Yttrium Carbonate Mineral
1457 The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 38, pp. 1457-1466 (2000) ADAMSITE-(Y), A NEW SODIUM–YTTRIUM CARBONATE MINERAL SPECIES FROM MONT SAINT-HILAIRE, QUEBEC JOEL D. GRICE§ and ROBERT A. GAULT Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada ANDREW C. ROBERTS Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8, Canada MARK A. COOPER Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada ABSTRACT Adamsite-(Y), ideally NaY(CO3)2•6H2O, is a newly identified mineral from the Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. It occurs as groups of colorless to white and pale pink, rarely pale purple, flat, acicular to fibrous crystals. These crystals are up to 2.5 cm in length and form spherical radiating aggregates. Associated minerals include aegirine, albite, analcime, ancylite-(Ce), calcite, catapleiite, dawsonite, donnayite-(Y), elpidite, epididymite, eudialyte, eudidymite, fluorite, franconite, gaidonnayite, galena, genthelvite, gmelinite, gonnardite, horváthite-(Y), kupletskite, leifite, microcline, molybdenite, narsarsukite, natrolite, nenadkevichite, petersenite-(Ce), polylithionite, pyrochlore, quartz, rhodochrosite, rutile, sabinaite, sérandite, siderite, sphalerite, thomasclarkite-(Y), zircon and an unidentified Na–REE carbonate (UK 91). The transparent to translucent mineral has a vitreous to pearly luster and a white streak. It is soft (Mohs hardness 3) and brittle with perfect {001} and good {100} and {010} cleav- ␣  ␥ ° ° ages. Adamsite-(Y) is biaxial positive, = V 1.480(4), = 1.498(2), = 1.571(4), 2Vmeas. = 53(3) , 2Vcalc. = 55 and is nonpleochroic. Optical orientation: X = [001], Y = b, Z a = 14° (in  obtuse). It is triclinic, space group P1,¯ with unit-cell parameters refined from powder data: a 6.262(2), b 13.047(6), c 13.220(5) Å, ␣ 91.17(4),  103.70(4), ␥ 89.99(4)°, V 1049.1(5) Å3 and Z = 4. -
Motukoreaite Na2mg38al24(SO4)8(CO3)13(OH)108 • 56H2O C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal
Motukoreaite Na2Mg38Al24(SO4)8(CO3)13(OH)108 • 56H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 32/m. As tabular hexagonal crystals, showing rounded {0001} and possible {1120}, {1011}, {1014}, to 0.2 mm, forming rosettes, boxworks, and subparallel aggregates, and as a claylike cement. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Good on {0001}, perhaps a parting. Tenacity: Sectile, flexible. Hardness = 1–1.5 D(meas.) = 1.43–1.53 D(calc.) = 1.478 Partial dehydration readily occurs. Optical Properties: Semitransparent. Color: Colorless, white, pale yellow, pale yellow-green. Luster: Dull. Optical Class: Uniaxial (+), nearly isotropic. n = ∼1.51, birefringence ∼0.012. ω = n.d. = n.d. Cell Data: Space Group: R3m. a = 9.172(2) c = 33.51(1) Z = 3 X-ray Powder Pattern: Brown’s Island, New Zealand; may exhibit preferred orientation. 11.32 (vvs), 5.58 (s), 4.59 (s), 3.72 (s), 2.578 (s), 2.386 (s), 2.158 (s) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) SO3 10.00 10.65 CaO 0.92 SiO2 5.55 Na2O 0.71 1.03 CO2 9.32 9.52 K2O 0.10 + Al2O3 17.87 20.35 H2O 19.62 − Fe2O3 0.73 H2O 10.35 MnO 0.70 H2O 32.97 ZnO 0.56 Total 99.41 100.00 MgO 22.98 25.48 (1) Brown’s Island, New Zealand; contains estimated quartz 5%, traces of calcite and goethite; after removal of probable impurities, and with (OH)1− calculated for charge balance, corresponds • to (Na1.50K0.14)Σ=1.64Mg37.36Al22.97(SO4)8.18(CO3)13.81(OH)101.29 58.36H2O. -
Chabazite-Sr (Sr, Ca)2[Al4si8o24]·11H2O - Crystal Data: Pseudohexagonal
Chabazite-Sr (Sr, Ca)2[Al4Si8O24]·11H2O - Crystal Data: Pseudohexagonal. Point Group: 3 2/m. As rough, discoidal crystals, to 0.3 mm; in aggregates to 3 mm. Twinning: On {113}. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Moderate on{101}. Fracture: Rough. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 4-4.5 D(meas.) = 2.16(1) D(calc.) = 2.20 Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Colorless to yellowish. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Uniaxial (+). ω = 1.503(1) ε = 1.507(1) Nonpleochroic. - Cell Data: Space Group: R3 m. a = 13.715(6) c = 15.09(1) Z = 3 X-ray Powder Pattern: Suoluaiv Mountain, Lovozero massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. 2.92 (100), 9.38 (80), 4.34 (70), 1.697 (70), 5.55 (60) Chemistry: (1) Na2O 0.85 K2O 2.97 CaO 4.79 SrO 10.32 BaO 0.36 Al2O3 21.74 SiO2 41.33 H2O 18.40 Total 99.76 (1) Suoluaiv Mountain, Lovozero massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia; electron microprobe analysis, H2O by TGA; corresponds to (Sr1.08Ca0.92K0.68Na0.30Ba0.02)Σ=3.00[(Si7.28Al4.62)Σ=11.9O24]·11.06H2O. Mineral Group: Zeolite group, chabazite series. Occurrence: In a K-feldspar and aegirine pegmatite veinlet in an alkaline massif. Association: Analcime, gonnardite, låvenite, vinogradovite, phillipsite, seidozerite, apatite, K-feldspar, aegirine. Distribution: At Suoluaiv Mountain, Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Name: From the Greek chabazios, an ancient name of a stone. A suffix indicates the most abundant extra-framework cation. Chabazite without a suffix is the correct name for a member of the chabazite series that is not specifically identified on compositional grounds. -
Vigrishinite
Vigrishinite Zn2Ti4-xSi4O14(OH,H2O, 8 (x < 1) - Crystal Data: Triclinic. Point Group: 1 . As split and blocky rectangular or irregular plates flattened on (001), to 3 cm. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect on {001}. Tenacity: Brittle. Fracture: Stepped. Hardness = 2.5-3 D(meas.) = 3.03(2) D(calc.) = 2.97 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Pale pink, yellowish pink, colorless. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (-). α = 1.755(5) β = 1.820(10) γ = 1.835(8) 2V(meas.) = 45(10)° 2V(calc.) = 50° Dispersion: r < v, strong. Pleochroism: None. - Cell Data: Space Group: P1 . a = 8.743(9) b = 8.698(9) c = 11.581(11) α = 91.54(8)° β = 98.29(8)° γ = 105.65(8)° Z = 2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. (similar to murmanite) 2.861 (100), 11.7 (67), 4.17 (65), 5.73 (54), 8.27 (50), 6.94 (43), 2.609 (30) Chemistry: (1) (1) Na2O 0.98 Al2O3 0.36 K2O 0.30 SiO2 32.29 CaO 0.56 TiO2 29.14 SrO 0.05 ZrO2 2.08 BaO 0.44 Nb2O5 7.34 MgO 0.36 F 0.46 MnO 2.09 H2O 9.1 ZnO 14.39 –O=F2 0.19 Fe2O3 2.00 Total 101.75 (1) Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia; average of 9 electron microprobe analyses, H2O by modified Penfield method, corresponds to H7.42(Zn1.30Na0.23Mn0.22Ca0.07Mg0.07K0.05 3+ Ba0.02)Σ=1.96(Ti2.68Nb0.41Fe 0.18Zr0.12)Σ=3.39(Si3.95Al0.05)Σ=4O20.31F0.18. -
Zeolites in Tasmania
Mineral Resources Tasmania Tasmanian Geological Survey Record 1997/07 Tasmania Zeolites in Tasmania by R. S. Bottrill and J. L. Everard CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………… 2 USES …………………………………………………………………………………… 2 ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE …………………………………………………………… 2 GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCES ………………………………………………………… 2 TASMANIAN OCCURRENCES ………………………………………………………… 4 Devonian ………………………………………………………………………… 4 Permo-Triassic …………………………………………………………………… 4 Jurassic …………………………………………………………………………… 4 Cretaceous ………………………………………………………………………… 5 Tertiary …………………………………………………………………………… 5 EXPLORATION FOR ZEOLITES IN TASMANIA ………………………………………… 6 RESOURCE POTENTIAL ……………………………………………………………… 6 MINERAL OCCURRENCES …………………………………………………………… 7 Analcime (Analcite) NaAlSi2O6.H2O ……………………………………………… 7 Chabazite (Ca,Na2,K2)Al2Si4O12.6H2O …………………………………………… 7 Clinoptilolite (Ca,Na2,K2)2-3Al5Si13O36.12H2O ……………………………………… 7 Gismondine Ca2Al4Si4O16.9H2O …………………………………………………… 7 Gmelinite (Na2Ca)Al2Si4O12.6H2O7 ……………………………………………… 7 Gonnardite Na2CaAl5Si5O20.6H2O ………………………………………………… 10 Herschelite (Na,Ca,K)Al2Si4O12.6H2O……………………………………………… 10 Heulandite (Ca,Na2,K2)2-3Al5Si13O36.12H2O ……………………………………… 10 Laumontite CaAl2Si4O12.4H2O …………………………………………………… 10 Levyne (Ca2.5,Na)Al6Si12O36.6H2O ………………………………………………… 10 Mesolite Na2Ca2(Al6Si9O30).8H2O ………………………………………………… 10 Mordenite K2.8Na1.5Ca2(Al9Si39O96).29H2O ………………………………………… 10 Natrolite Na2(Al2Si3O10).2H2O …………………………………………………… 10 Phillipsite (Ca,Na,K)3Al3Si5O16.6H2O ……………………………………………… 11 Scolecite CaAl2Si3O10.3H20 ……………………………………………………… -
JAERI-Data/Code 99-001
JAERI-Data/Code 99-001 Consideration on Thermodynamic Data for Predicting Solubility and Chemical Species of Elements in Groundwater Part 1: Tc, U, Am Tetsuji YAMAGUCHI and Seiji TAKEDA Department of Environmental Safety Research Nuclear safety Research Center Tokai Research Establishment Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken (Received January 5, 1999) The solubility determines the release of radionuclides from waste form and is used as a source term in radionuclide migration analysis in performance assessment of radioactive waste repository. Complexations of radionuclides by ligands in groundwater affect the interaction between radionuclides and geologic media, thus affect their migration behavior. Thermodynamic data for Tc, Am and U were reviewed and compiled to be used for predicting the solubility and chemical species in groundwater. Thermodynamic data were reviewed with emphasis on the hydrolysis and carbonate complexation that can dominate the speciation in typical groundwater. Thermodynamic data for other species were selected based on existing databases. Thermodynamic data for other important elements are under investigation, thus shown in an appendix for temporary use. Keywords: Technetium, Uranium, Americium, Thermodynamic Data, Solubility, Aqueous Species, Solid Species, Equilibrium Constant JAERI-Data/Code 99-001 Table A-l. Carbon thermodynamic data. Equilibrium constants at 298.15 K and I = 0 are taken from HATCHES DATABASE, NEA RELEASE 9, 13th March 1996 (available with a floppy disk from Bond, K. A. and Tweed, C. J., Direct line 01235 433867, Direct facsimile 01235 436579) . 0 species reaction logK 2 COs " + 2H* + H20 = CH,° + 2O2 (g) -128.04 H2CO30 CO32" + 2H* = H2CO30 16.68 HCO3" CO32" + H* = HCO3" 10.33 CO32" master species NaHCO3° Na* + CO32" + H* = NaHC03° 10.08 NaCC>3~ Na* + CO32" = NaCOs" 1.27 2 2 MgHCO-T Mg * + CO3 ' + H* = MgHCO3* 11.4 Mg'" + CO32" = . -
Zeolite Minerals from the North Shore of the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia Georgia Pe-Piper and Lisa Miller
Atlantic Geology 11 Zeolite minerals from the North Shore of the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia Georgia Pe-Piper and Lisa Miller Department of Geology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada Date received: August 9, 2002 ¶ Date accepted: December 2, 2002 ABSTRACT X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses show the following assemblages to be present in basalt fl ows and overlying siliciclastic sedimentary rocks along the North Shore of the Minas Basin: Five Islands – chabazite and stilbite are dominant, also “heulandite” and bar- rerite; Two Islands – analcime is dominant, gmelinite, chabazite, stilbite, and natrolite; Wasson Bluff – chabazite, stilbite and “heulandite” are dominant, also herschelite, barrerite, stellerite, analcime, wairakite, natrolite, clinoptilolite, and thomsonite; Partridge Island – chabazite and stilbite are dominant, also analcime, epistilbite, natrolite, barrerite, and “heulandite”; Cape Sharp – chabazite, stilbite, barrerite, stellerite, and “heulandite”; Horseshoe Cove – “heulandite” and stilbite; Western Cape d’Or – analcime, stilbite, natrolite, and mesolite are domi- nant, also stellerite, ?epistilbite, barrerite, scolecite, chabazite, “heulandite”, wairakite, tetranatrolite and laumontite. Comparison is made with assemblages at Arlington Quarry on North Mountain, where the dominant zeolite minerals are heulandite (sensu stricto) and stilbite. Elsewhere on North Mountain, mordenite, natrolite, and laumontite have been confi rmed. Chemical composition of hydrothermal fl uids was likely different between North Mountain and the North Shore, with fl uids in the latter area less sodic. The temperature of zeolite crystal- lization appears to have been high at Arlington Quarry, where “heulandite” and stilbite crystallised with little Na in their crystal structure. With falling temperature the crystallizing solution became enriched in Na, and sodic zeolite minerals, such as natrolite, began to crystallize. -
STRONG and WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS of TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS and THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth a Dissertati
STRONG AND WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AND THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry. Chapel Hill 2018 Approved by: Scott C. Warren James F. Cahoon Wei You Joanna M. Atkin Matthew K. Brennaman © 2018 Tyler William Farnsworth ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Tyler William Farnsworth: Strong and weak interlayer interactions of two-dimensional materials and their assemblies (Under the direction of Scott C. Warren) The ability to control the properties of a macroscopic material through systematic modification of its component parts is a central theme in materials science. This concept is exemplified by the assembly of quantum dots into 3D solids, but the application of similar design principles to other quantum-confined systems, namely 2D materials, remains largely unexplored. Here I demonstrate that solution-processed 2D semiconductors retain their quantum-confined properties even when assembled into electrically conductive, thick films. Structural investigations show how this behavior is caused by turbostratic disorder and interlayer adsorbates, which weaken interlayer interactions and allow access to a quantum- confined but electronically coupled state. I generalize these findings to use a variety of 2D building blocks to create electrically conductive 3D solids with virtually any band gap. I next introduce a strategy for discovering new 2D materials. Previous efforts to identify novel 2D materials were limited to van der Waals layered materials, but I demonstrate that layered crystals with strong interlayer interactions can be exfoliated into few-layer or monolayer materials. -
The Surface Structure and Growth of Natural Zeolites
A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The Surface Structure and Growth of Natural Zeolites by Manisha Mistry University College London 2005 Davy Faraday Research Laboratory, The Royal Institution of Great Britain. Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London 1 UMI Number: U592160 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U592160 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 A b s t r a c t A systematic study has been carried out in order to investigate two aspects o f zeolite chemistry: to determine the external surface structure and to establish the mechanism of crystal growth. The natural zeolite edingtonite (EDI) was chosen as a model material and the surface structures were studied by finding the most stable termination for each face. For each of the four morphologically important faces the surface structure was found to minimise the number of broken bonds created upon cleaving the surface. In the absence of experimental data, the crystal morphologies were used as a proxy indicator of relative growth rate of different faces.