DOCSLIB.ORG

Zeolites in Tasmania

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Zeolites in Tasmania Mineral Resources Tasmania Tasmanian Geological Survey Record 1997/07 Tasmania Zeolites in Tasmania by R. S. Bottrill and J. L. Everard CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………… 2 USES …………………………………………………………………………………… 2 ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE …………………………………………………………… 2 GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCES ………………………………………………………… 2 TASMANIAN OCCURRENCES ………………………………………………………… 4 Devonian ………………………………………………………………………… 4 Permo-Triassic …………………………………………………………………… 4 Jurassic …………………………………………………………………………… 4 Cretaceous ………………………………………………………………………… 5 Tertiary …………………………………………………………………………… 5 EXPLORATION FOR ZEOLITES IN TASMANIA ………………………………………… 6 RESOURCE POTENTIAL ……………………………………………………………… 6 MINERAL OCCURRENCES …………………………………………………………… 7 Analcime (Analcite) NaAlSi2O6.H2O ……………………………………………… 7 Chabazite (Ca,Na2,K2)Al2Si4O12.6H2O …………………………………………… 7 Clinoptilolite (Ca,Na2,K2)2-3Al5Si13O36.12H2O ……………………………………… 7 Gismondine Ca2Al4Si4O16.9H2O …………………………………………………… 7 Gmelinite (Na2Ca)Al2Si4O12.6H2O7 ……………………………………………… 7 Gonnardite Na2CaAl5Si5O20.6H2O ………………………………………………… 10 Herschelite (Na,Ca,K)Al2Si4O12.6H2O……………………………………………… 10 Heulandite (Ca,Na2,K2)2-3Al5Si13O36.12H2O ……………………………………… 10 Laumontite CaAl2Si4O12.4H2O …………………………………………………… 10 Levyne (Ca2.5,Na)Al6Si12O36.6H2O ………………………………………………… 10 Mesolite Na2Ca2(Al6Si9O30).8H2O ………………………………………………… 10 Mordenite K2.8Na1.5Ca2(Al9Si39O96).29H2O ………………………………………… 10 Natrolite Na2(Al2Si3O10).2H2O …………………………………………………… 10 Phillipsite (Ca,Na,K)3Al3Si5O16.6H2O ……………………………………………… 11 Scolecite CaAl2Si3O10.3H20 ……………………………………………………… 11 Stellerite (Ca,Na2,K2) Al2Si7O18.7H2O……………………………………………… 11 Stilbite (Ca,Na2,K2) Al2Si7O18.7H2O ……………………………………………… 11 Tetranatrolite Na2(Al2Si3O10).2H2O ……………………………………………… 11 Thomsonite NaCa2[(Al,Si)5O10]2.6H2O …………………………………………… 11 Wairakite CaAl2Si4O12.2H2O ……………………………………………………… 12 REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………… 12 Tasmanian Geological Survey Record 1997/07 1 Ab stract The zeolites are a ‘supergroup’ of aluminosilicate minerals, and natural deposits are of diverse style and may be of considerable economic significance. Nineteen different species are known to occur in Tasmania (including Macquarie Island), and the major occurrences are briefly described. The host rocks are mostly Tertiary basaltic rocks, but also include dolerite, mudstone, sandstone, granite, quartz veins, skarns and other rock types. Styles include veins, replacement, pore filling, breccia fill and vesicle fill. Economic deposits are not currently known in Tasmania, but there are numerous small occurrences, some of which are relatively rich and of moderate size, giving indications of some potential for economic mineralisation. Very little exploration for zeolites has, however, been undertaken in this State. INTRODUCTION 0 aquaculture; Zeolites are a diverse ‘supergroup’ of minerals, all 0 pet litter; being crystalline hydrated aluminosilicates of the 0 mordenite for removal of organochlorides from alkali and alkaline earth metals, particularly Ca, industrial effluent; and Na and K. They less commonly contain Ba, Li, Cs, Sr and Mg. Some 94 species are known, some of the 0 phillipsite to remove Cs and Sr from radioactive more important including clinoptilolite, chabazite, materials. mordenite, phillipsite, laumontite, stilbite, heulandite, analcime, natrolite and thomsonite. Natural zeolites may require some chemical They are all characterised by a 3D aluminosilicate modification prior to use. framework but have variable polyhedral groups and, importantly, relatively large channels and ECONOMIC FACTORS cavities between these polyhedra. These cavities Natural zeolite deposits may be economic, and channels can contain cations (e.g. metal ions), especially if the beds are several metres thick and water and other molecules, and give the zeolites relatively massive (i.e. >70% zeolites). The some of their most important properties, in regards thickness of mineable zeolite deposits can range up to their use as molecular sieves, catalysts, ion to several tens of metres, whilst the thickness of the exchange materials, etc. strata containing the zeolitic tuffs commonly ranges from 100’s to 1000’s of metres. Areal extent is USES commonly 100’s to 1000’s of square kilometres The zeolites have some unusual and important (Green River Basin, USA: Hay and Sheppard, characteristics, including capacity for ion-exchange 1977). The economics of mining are affected by the and molecular sieving which make many varieties thickness of overburden, and the distance to of considerable economic significance. Uses include transport links and processing plants. adsorption (e.g. removal of ammonia, heavy metals, The hardness and attrition resistance of zeolitic tuff radio isotopes, etc.), purification (particularly waste (mostly affected by the abundance of opal, water, sewage, hydrocarbons, air and gases), cristobalite, tridymite and quartz) are important in drying, kidney dialysis, hydrogen production (from processing and end use. The crystal size of the water), detergent production, animal feeds, zeolite (usually fine grained) can affect the fertilisers, aquaculture, hydrocarbon conversion adsorption of gases and the extent and rapidity of (e.g. conversion of methane to petroleum), cation exchange. The Si/Al ratio and exchangeable isomerisation, redox reactions, hydrogenation and cation ratios of the zeolites affect certain uses. dehydro- genation, organic catalysis (e.g. Cation exchange capacity and adsorption capacity shape-selective reforming), solar energy storage, for various gases are important. Colour (due to iron and many more (Mumpton, 1977; Clifton, 1987). staining) and the abundance of non-zeolitic Synthetic zeolites are very important in many of minerals may limit some uses. these applications, especially where high purity is required (particularly the chemical, oil, detergent GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCES and other manufacturing industries). Natural Zeolite deposits may occur in: zeolites are, however, used in many applications (Rustamov et al., 1988; Clifton, 1987), for example: 1. saline, alkaline lakes; 0 clinoptilolite to remove NH4+ in tertiary sewage 2. saline, alkaline soils; treatment; 3. tuffaceous sea-floor sediments; 0 mine waste management; 4. open hydrological systems; and 0 agriculture (soil conditioner, fertiliser carriers and in animal feeds); 5. hydrothermal veins and zones. Tasmanian Geological Survey Record 1997/07 2 The major known economic deposits in the United economic significance, although submarine States are of types 1, 2 and 4 (Clifton, 1987). hydrothermal activity may be responsible for some of the zeolite deposits in marine sediments (Clifton, Saline, alkaline deposits form in closed hydrological 1987). systems in arid to semi-arid environments and contain some of the purest zeolite deposits (>90%, Zeolites may also occur in several other situations, Hay, 1977; Clifton, 1987; Surdam, 1977). Saline including as a primary magmatic mineral (analcime lakes forming in closed basins may have a pH of up in some basalts; Iijima, 1980), during burial to 9.5, promoting dissolution of aluminosilicates diagenesis (e.g. the Green Tuff sequence, Japan; (Hay, 1977). Deposits in the USA formed mostly Iijima, 1980), in contact metamorphic zones (Utada, from rhyolitic tuffs, but a wide variety of materials 1991), and in sediments in calderas (Utada, 1991) (including clays and quartz) may be altered to and impact craters (Iijima, 1980). With the zeolites under these conditions (Hay, 1978). exception of caldera deposits, these mineralisation Analcime, clinoptilolite, phillipsite, erionite, styles generally do not appear to be of any great chabazite and mordenite occur in these lakes. economic significance (Utada, 1991). Deposits in alkaline soils are related to the above Host rock types include igneous, metamorphic and style, but are limited by depth of the water table, sedimentary rocks, and vary from monomineralic, and are commonly analcime rich (Clifton, 1987; wholly zeolite-bearing lithologies to rocks with Surdam, 1977). They can contain up to 40% zeolites. occasional zeolitic geodes, veins or inclusions. Igneous hosts include volcanic ashes, lavas and Zeolites are very widespread in marine sediments tuffs (having a broad compositional range, (Iijima, 1978; Iijima and Utada, 1966; Lisitzina and including rhyolite, dacite, trachyte, phonolite, and Butuzova, 1982) and form by the alteration of basalt to basanite) and less commonly various tephra under low temperatures and moderate pH hypabyssal and plutonic rocks. The silicic tuffs were (~7–8, Clifton, 1987). Clinoptilolite is usually commonly deposited as non-welded permeable ash dominant in areas of rapid sedimentation, siliceous flows. Sedimentary host rock types include tephra and older sediments, while phillipsite fluviatile mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, commonly dominates in areas of slower conglomerate and diatomite. Metamorphic hosts sedimentation, basaltic tephra and younger (for hydrothermal deposits) are rarer, but include sediments (Hay, 1977). Phillipsite may alter to hornfels, amphibolite, schist and gneiss. clinoptilolite (Clifton, 1987). Associated zeolites include analcime, chabazite, erionite, laumontite, Zeolites form stratabound, stratiform or gmelinite, natrolite and thomsonite (Iijima and lens-shaped, zoned, massive, fine-grained deposits Utada, 1966). Deposits may contain up to 80% that may be cross-cutting to the bedding. They are zeolites. similar to bedded diatomite and bentonite. Most deposits are non-marine (fluviatile and lacustrine),
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ophiolite in Southeast Asia
    Ophiolite in Southeast Asia CHARLES S. HUTCHISON Department of Geology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ABSTRACT semblages are classified into definite ophiolite, tentatively identified ophiolite, and associations that have previously been named No fewer than 20 belts of mafic-ultramafic assemblages have ophiolite but that are not. Each of the ophiolite or other been named "ophiolite" in the complex Southeast Asia region of mafic-ultramafic associations is listed in Table 1, with brief reasons Sundaland. Fewer than half of these can be confidently classified as for its classification, particularly in regard to the petrography of the ophiolite. The only well-documented complete ophiolite, with con- rock suite and the nature of its sedimentary envelope. The basis for tinuous conformable sections from mantle harzburgite through identification (or rejection) of these rock associations as ophiolite is gabbro to spilite, occurs in northeast Borneo and the neighboring discussed in the following section. Philippine Islands. It contains a record of oceanic lithospheric his- tory from Jurassic to Tertiary and has a Miocene emplacement age. OPHIOLITE FORMATION All other ophiolite belts of the region are either incomplete or dis- membered. The Sundaland region probably has examples of several The oceanic lithosphere, with its thin oceanic crust formed along types of emplacement mechanism and emplacement ages ranging the spreading axes of divergent plate junctures, is thought to be from early Paleozoic to Cenozoic. Key words: Sundaland, plate consumed at arc-trench systems of convergent plate junctures (Fig. tectonics. 2). Minor subtractions of crustal and mantle material from de- scending slabs of oceanic lithosphere are thought to be added to INTRODUCTION belts of mélange, and imbricate slices are caught in crustal subduc- tion zones at the trenches (Dickinson, 1972).
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrothermal Alteration of a Supra-Subduction Zone Ophiolite Analog, Tonga
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Melanie C. Kelman for the degree of Master of Science in Geology presented on May 29, 1998. Title: Hydrothermal Alteration of a Supra-Subduction Zone Ophiolite Analog, Tonga. Southwest Pacific. Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy Sherman Bloomer The basement of the Tonga intraoceanic forearc comprises Eocene arc volcanic crust formed during the earliest phases of subduction. Volcanic rocks recovered from the forearc include boninites and arc tholeiites, apparently erupted into and upon older mid- oceanic ridge tholeiites. Rock assemblages suggest that the forearc basement is a likely analog for large supra-subduction zone (SSZ) ophiolites not only in structure and Ethology, but also in the style of hydrothermal alteration. Dredged volcanic samples from the central Tonga forearc (20-24° S) exhibit the effects of seafloor weathering, low (<200°C, principally <100°C) alteration, and high temperature (>200°C) alteration. Tholeiites and arc tholeiites are significantly more altered than boninites. Seafloor weathering is due to extensive interaction with cold oxidizing seawater, and is characterized by red-brown staining and the presence of Fe- oxyhydroxides. Low temperature alteration is due to circulation of evolving seawater- derived fluids through the volcanic section until fluid pathways were closed by secondary mineral precipitation. Low temperature alteration is characterized by smectites, celadonite, phillipsite, mixed-layer smectite/chlorite, carbonates, and silica. All phases fill veins and cavities; clay minerals and silica also replace the mesostasis and groundmass phases. Low temperature alteration enriches the bulk rock in K, Ba, and Na, and mobilizes other elements to varying extents. The few high temperature samples are characterized by mobilizes other elements to varying extents.
    [Show full text]
  • The Regional Distribution of Zeolites in the Basalts of the Faroe Islands and the Significance of Zeolites As Palaeo- Temperature Indicators
    The regional distribution of zeolites in the basalts of the Faroe Islands and the significance of zeolites as palaeo- temperature indicators Ole Jørgensen The first maps of the regional distribution of zeolites in the Palaeogene basalt plateau of the Faroe Islands are presented. The zeolite zones (thomsonite-chabazite, analcite, mesolite, stilbite-heulandite, laumontite) continue below sea level and reach a depth of 2200 m in the Lopra-1/1A well. Below this level, a high temperature zone occurs characterised by prehnite and pumpellyite. The stilbite-heulan- dite zone is the dominant mineral zone on the northern island, Vágar, the analcite and mesolite zones are the dominant ones on the southern islands of Sandoy and Suðuroy and the thomsonite-chabazite zone is dominant on the two northeastern islands of Viðoy and Borðoy. It is estimated that zeolitisa- tion of the basalts took place at temperatures between about 40°C and 230°C. Palaeogeothermal gradients are estimated to have been 66 ± 9°C/km in the lower basalt formation of the Lopra area of Suðuroy, the southernmost island, 63 ± 8°C/km in the middle basalt formation on the northernmost island of Vágar and 56 ± 7°C/km in the upper basalt formation on the central island of Sandoy. A linear extrapolation of the gradient from the Lopra area places the palaeosurface of the basalt plateau near to the top of the lower basalt formation. On Vágar, the palaeosurface was somewhere between 1700 m and 2020 m above the lower formation while the palaeosurface on Sandoy was between 1550 m and 1924 m above the base of the upper formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Mantle Peridotite Xenoliths
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 260 (2007) 37–55 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Mantle peridotite xenoliths in andesite lava at El Peñon, central Mexican Volcanic Belt: Isotopic and trace element evidence for melting and metasomatism in the mantle wedge beneath an active arc ⁎ Samuel B. Mukasa a, , Dawnika L. Blatter b, Alexandre V. Andronikov a a Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1005, USA b Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Received 6 July 2006; received in revised form 3 May 2007; accepted 7 May 2007 Available online 13 May 2007 Editor: R.W. Carlson Abstract Peridotites in the mantle wedge and components added to them from the subducting slab are thought to be the source of most arc magmas. However, direct sampling of these materials, which provides a glimpse into the upper mantle beneath an active margin, is exceedingly rare. In the few arc localities where found, peridotite xenoliths are usually brought to the surface by basaltic magmas. Remarkably, the hornblende-bearing ultramafic xenoliths and clinopyroxene megaxenocrysts from El Peñon in the central Mexican Volcanic Belt were brought to the surface by a Quaternary high-Mg siliceous andesite, a rock type usually considered too evolved to be a direct product of mantle melting. The xenoliths and megaxenocrysts from El Peñon represent lithospheric mantle affected by significant subduction of oceanic lithosphere since as early as the Permian. Trace element and radiogenic isotope data we report here on these materials suggest a history of depletion by melt extraction, metasomatism involving a fluid phase, and finally, limited reaction between the ultramafic materials and the host andesite, probably during transport.
    [Show full text]
  • Governor Island MARINE RESERVE
    VISITING RESERVES Governor Island MARINE RESERVE Governor Island Marine Reserve, with its spectacular underwater scenery, is recognised as one of the best temperate diving locations in Australia. The marine reserve includes Governor Island and all waters and other islands within a 400m diameter semi-circle from the eastern shoreline of Governor Island (refer map). The entire marine reserve is a fully protected ‘no-take’ area. Fishing and other extractive activities are prohibited. Yellow zoanthids adorn granite boulder walls in the marine reserve. These flower-like animals use their tentacles to catch tiny food particles drifting past in the current. Getting there Photo: Karen Gowlett-Holmes Governor Island lies just off Bicheno – a small fishing and resort town on Tasmania’s east coast. It is located Things to do about two and a half hours drive from either Hobart or The reserve is a popular diving location with Launceston. over 35 recognised dive sites, including: Governor Island is separated from the mainland by a The Hairy Wall – a granite cliff-face plunging to 35m, narrow stretch of water, approximately 50m wide, known with masses of sea whips as Waubs Gulch. For your safety please do not swim, The Castle – two massive granite boulders, sandwiched snorkel or dive in Waubs Gulch. It is subject to frequent together, with a swim-through lined with sea whips and boating traffic and strong currents and swells. The marine yellow zoanthids, and packed with schools of bullseyes, cardinalfish, banded morwong and rock lobster reserve is best accessed via commercial operators or LEGEND Golden Bommies – two 10m high pinnacles glowing with private boat.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington State Minerals Checklist
    Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite
    [Show full text]
  • Depleted Spinel Harzburgite Xenoliths in Tertiary Dykes from East Greenland: Restites from High Degree Melting
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 154Ž. 1998 221±235 Depleted spinel harzburgite xenoliths in Tertiary dykes from East Greenland: Restites from high degree melting Stefan Bernstein a,), Peter B. Kelemen b,1, C. Kent Brooks a,c,2 a Danish Lithosphere Centre, éster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark b Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, City, MA 02543, USA c Geological Institute, UniÕersity of Copenhagen, éster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark Received 28 April 1997; revised 19 September 1997; accepted 4 October 1997 Abstract A new collection of mantle xenoliths in Tertiary dykes from the Wiedemann Fjord area in Southeast Greenland shows that this part of the central Greenland craton is underlain by highly depleted peridotites. The samples are mostly spinel harzburgites with highly forsteritic olivinesŽ. Fo87± 94 , average Fo 92.7 . This, together with unusually high modal olivine contentsŽ. 70±)95% , places the Wiedemann harzburgites in a unique compositional field. Relative to depleted Kaapvaal harzburgites with comparable Fo in olivine, the Wiedemann samples have considerably lower bulk SiO2 Ž average 42.6 wt% versus 44±49 wt%. Spinel compositions are similar to those in other sub-cratonic harzburgites. Pyroxene equilibrium temperatures average 8508C, which is above an Archaean cratonic geotherm at an inferred pressure of 1±2 GPa, but low enough so that it is unlikely that the xenoliths represent residual peridotites created during Tertiary magmatism. Among mantle samples, the Wiedemann harzburgites are, in terms of their bulk composition, most similar to harzburgites from the ophiolites of Papua New GuineaŽ. PNG and New Caledonia Ž.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Processing
    Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • Charlesite, a New Mineral of the Ettringite Group, from Franklin, New Jersey
    American Mineralogist, Volume 68, pages 1033-1037,1983 Charlesite, a new mineral of the ettringite group, from Franklin, New Jersey PBre J. DuxN Department of Mineral Sciences SmithsonianInstitution, Washington,D. C. 20560 DoNero R. Peecon Department of GeologicalSciences University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 PBrnn B. LBavBNs Departmentof Geology Universityof Delaware, Newark, Delaware l97ll eNo JonN L. Beuu Franklin Mineral Museum Franklin. New Jersey 07416 Abstract Charlesite,ideally C4(AI,Si)z(SO4)2(B(OH)4)(OH,O)r2.26H2Ois a member of the ettrin- gite group from Franklin, New Jersey, and is the Al analogueof sturmanite. Chemical analysisyielded CaO27.3, Al2O3 5.1, SiO2 3.1, SO3 12.8,B2o33.2, H2O 48.6, sum : 100.1 percent.-Charlesiteis hexagonal,probable spacegroup P3lc, with a = ll.16(l), c = 21.21(2)4. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder difraction pattern (d, IlIo, hkl) are: 9.70,100, 100;5.58, 80, 110;3.855,80, ll4;2.749,70,304;2.538,70,126;2.193,70,2261 404. Charlesite occurs as simple hexagonal crystals tabular on {0001} and has a perfect {10T0}cleavage. The densityis 1.77glcm3 (obs.) and 1.79glcms (calc.). Optically, charlesite is uniaxial( -) with a : | .492(3)and e : 1.475(3).It occurswith clinohedrite,ganophyllite, xonotlite, prehnite, roeblingite and other minerals in severalparageneses at Franklin, New Jersey. Charlesite is named in honor of the late Professor Charles Palache. Introduction were approved, prior to publication, by the Commission Minerals and Mineral Names. I. M. A. The An ettringite-like mineral was first described from on New specimenwas divided into three portions.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Bibliography on the Occurrence, Properties, and Uses of Zeolites From
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE OCCURRENCE, PROPERTIES, AND USES OF ZEOLITES FROM SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS, 1985-1992 by Richard A. Sheppard and Evenne W. Sheppard Open-File Report 93-570-A This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Denver, Colorado 1993 CONTENTS Page Abstract .............................................................................................. 1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 Description of bibliography ....................................................................... 1 Zeolite bibliography ................................................................................ 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE OCCURRENCE, PROPERTIES, AND USES OF ZEOLITES FROM SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS, 1985-1992 by Richard A. Sheppard and Evenne W. Sheppard ABSTRACT This bibliography is an alphabetical listing of about 2,000 publications and formal releases, including patents and selected abstracts, from the world literature on the occurrence, properties, and uses of zeolites from sedimentary deposits for the period 1985 to 1992. The bibliography is available as hard copy or on a 3.5-inch floppy diskette, which was prepared on a Macintosh LC computer using EndNote Plus software. Computer
    [Show full text]
  • Studies of the Zeolites Composition of Zeolites of the Natrolite Group and Compositional Relations Among Thomsonites Gonnardites, and Natrolites
    r-'1 ~ Q I ~ c lt') ~ r-'1 'JJ ~ Q.) < ~ ~ ......-~ ..,.;;j ~ <z 0 0 Q.) 1-4 rJ:J rJ:J N r-'1 ~ Q.) 0 ~ ..c ~ ~ ~ I r-'1 ~ > ~ 0 I ~ rJ:J 'JJ ..,.;;j Q.) < .....-~ 0 . 1-4 ~ C"-' 0 ~ ..,.;;j ~ 0 r-'1 00 C"-' Foster-STUDIES•. OF THE ZEOLITES-Geological Survey Professional Paper 504-D, E Studies of the Zeolites Composition of Zeolites of the Natrolite Group and Compositional Relations among Thomsonites Gonnardites, and Natrolites By MARGARET D. FOSTER SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 504-D, E UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1965 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretory GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director The U.S. Geological Survey Library has cataloged this publication as follows: Foster, Margaret Dorothy, 1895- Studies of the zeolites. D. Composition of zeolites of the natrolite group. E. Compositional relations among thom­ sonites, gonnardites, and natrolites. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1965. v, 7; iii, 10 p. diagrs., tables. 30 em. (U.S. Geological Survey. Professional paper 504-D, E) Shorter contributions to general geology. Each part also has separate title page. Includes bibliographies. (Continued on next card) Foster, Margaret Dorothy, 1895- Studies of the zeolites. 1965. (Card 2) 1. Zeolites. I. Title. II. Title: Composition of zeolites of the natro­ lite group. III. Title: Compositional relations among thomsonites, gonnardites, and natrolites. (Series) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents (paper cover) Studies of the Zeolites Composition of Zeolites of the N atrolite Group By MARGARET D.
    [Show full text]
  • Alonnah-Sheepwash Track (Bruny Island) Weed Action Plan 2020 - 2030
    Alonnah-Sheepwash Track (Bruny Island) Weed Action Plan 2020 - 2030 A funding initiative of the Bruny Island Destination Action Plan Leadership Group Locally supported by Acknowledgements 3 Abbreviations 3 1.0: Introduction 4 1.1: Plan Goal 4 1.2: Study Area 4 1.3: Priority Weeds 6 1.4: Relevant Plans and Legislation 9 1.5: Weed Action Principles 10 1.6: Weed Control Methods 10 1.7: Responsibility 10 1.8: Hygiene 11 1.9: Living Appendix 11 2.0: Site Maps 12 2.1: Zone 1 12 2.2: Zone 2 13 2.3: Zone 3 14 2.4: Zone 4 15 2.5: Zone 5 16 2.6: Zone 6 17 2.7: Zone 7 18 2.8: Zone 8 19 3.0: Weed Actions 20 3.1: Action Plan 20 4.0: Photo Point Monitoring Pro Forma 27 References 28 Appendix 1 – Stakeholders 29 Key Stakeholders 29 Other Stakeholders 30 Appendix 2 – Priority Weeds; Spread and Control 31 Appendix 3 – Native Plant List 34 Alonnah-Sheepwash Track Weed Action Plan 2020-2030 – DRAFT FOR CONSULTATION 2 Acknowledgements The Alonnah-Sheepwash Weed Action Plan is jointly funded by Pennicott Wilderness Tours, Kingborough Council and the Tasmanian Government, as an initiative of the Bruny Island Destination Action Plan (DAP). The DAP Leadership Group is coordinated by Destination Southern Tasmania. The funding for the plan is being locally auspiced by the Bruny Island Boat Club. Communications and networking associated with the plan is being undertaken by members of the Bruny Island Residents and Ratepayers Network (‘Bruny Network’). Cassandra Strain is the principal author of this strategy.
    [Show full text]