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Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction Du Branch Patrimoine De I'edition Planning for International Retirement Migration and Expats: a case study of Udon Thani, Thailand by John Koch-Schulte A Practicum submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF CITY PLANNING Department of City Planning University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2008 John Koch-Schulte Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-41426-2 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-41426-2 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. Canada THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES ***** COPYRIGHT PERMISSION Planning for International Retirement Migration and Expats: a case study of Udon Thani, Thailand BY John Koch-Schulte A Thesis/Practicum submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree MASTER OF CITY PLANNING John Koch-Schulte© 2008 Permission has been granted to the University of Manitoba Libraries to lend a copy of this thesis/practicum, to Library and Archives Canada (LAC) to lend a copy of this thesis/practicum, and to LAC's agent (UMI/ProQuest) to microfilm, sell copies and to publish an abstract of this thesis/practicum. This reproduction or copy of this thesis has been made available by authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research, and may only be reproduced and copied as permitted by copyright laws or with express written authorization from the copyright owner. Abstract International retirement migration (IRM) and its related fields of expatriate residency (expats), residential tourism, long-term tourism and international second homes are rapidly growing and changing. From its early modern beginnings when Northern Europeans moved to Spanish beaches in the 1950's, geographic distribution has now expanded to include Mexico and the emerging IRM markets of Central and South America as well as Southeast Asia. A combination of many factors will contribute to the growth of IRM in the future with retiring baby boomers being the primary reason. Though the vast majority are of persons older, IRM is a misnomer for this topic as non-retired younger generations are also moving to these destinations, as they are increasingly able to work from virtually anywhere, due to the Internet economy and other trends associated with ever-increasing globalization. IRM in Udon Thani, Thailand consists almost exclusively of retired Western men marrying local women who are almost always much younger. Almost all the men first spend time in the sex tourism haven of Pattaya, Thailand before moving to the interior Northeastern city of Udon Thani at or near where their wives are from. Thus, there are many linkages and commonalities between the expatriate residents in Pattaya and Udon Thani. Without proper planning, Udon Thani will continue to adopt many of the undesirable attributes of Pattaya such as beer bars and sex tourism which are already present and growing rapidly. This practicum focuses on IRM and expats in the city of Udon Thani, Thailand and examines impacts on the host community. The practicum also tries to develop 2 general models of IRM in different communities in developing nations and recommend planning guidelines to help deal with this phenomenon. The research methods employed included: a review of the literature, key informant interviews, informal exploratory interviews with locals and the IRM population as well as observations. Outside of planning research conducted in Spain, no IRM or expatriate research has examined planning issues in detail. This practicum attempts to establish or contribute to a body of work to aide in future work on this topic. The primary planning issues in Udon Thani were found to be: sprawling residential growth, economic development, gender issues and integration of IRM and expat populations into the local communities. IRM shares many commonalities in all its global locations. However, planning for IRM in Udon Thani and possibly other Southeast Asian communities is unique due to the homogenous makeup of male retirees who bring with them a host of Western cultural values and problems related to bars and sex tourism. It has been found that planning for IRM shares commonalities with planning for amenity migration in North American mountain communities. There are many types of IRM communities. For example, beach communities may have a population that is more seasonal and has less attachment to host communities, while interior cities such as San Miguel and Lake Chapala, Mexico as well as Udon Thani may have more permanent year-round populations. Planning issues surrounding care-giving and marriage are also examined as medical care will be a future catalyst for many of these communities. 3 List of Acronyms AARP - American Association of Retired Persons AM - Amenity Migration CAFTA - Central American Free Trade Agreement DRM - Domestic Retirement Migration IR - International Retiree IRM - International Retirement Migration NAFTA - North American Free Trade Agreement OTOP - One Tambon (district) One Product 4 Acknowledgements This practicum would not have been possible without the help of countless people. First and foremost would be the people of Udon Thani, Thailand. One of the findings of the practicum was that retirees were choosing Udon Thani because of the kind local people and I cannot emphasize how friendly, kind and helpful the local people were. I would specifically like to thank the staff at Mono Place and Top Mansion where I stayed. My practicum advisors Dr. Rae Bridgman and Dr. Ian Wight were supportive with always prompt replies in times of need. Without their support, editing and insight this practicum would have never come to fruition. My loving wife, Duangjai was the best interpreter a researcher could ask for. This practicum would not have been possible without her. My mom, who came to visit me in Udon Thani, offered support for this topic and gave me new views on the topic. Gina Sylvestre and John Selwood for countless discussions on the topic. Their practical knowledge of the topic led to many new insights. Other IRM researchers and researchers working in related fields were always able to send me articles and answer any questions. Special thanks to my IRM colleague Mason McMatters who performed comparable practicum work in Panama and provided numerous comments and kind words of support. 5 Table of Contents Abstract 2 List of Acronyms 4 Acknowledgements 5 Table of Contents 6 List of Tables 9 Chapter 1 - Introduction 11 Objectives and Questions 11 Significance of the Study 12 Research Methods 12 Selection of the Study Area 14 Informal Exploratory Interviews 15 Foreign Population 15 Local Thai Residents 16 Key Informant Interviews 19 Literature Review 20 Chapter Outlines 21 Chapter 2 - Literature Review 22 Definitions 23 Definition of IRM 23 Tourism, Retirement Migration, Amenity Migration and Theories and Models 25 Tourism Models 25 Retirement Migration Model 28 Amenity Migration Model 30 Review of IRM and Related Fields Literature 31 Review of IRM Literature 32 Environmental Impacts of IRM 37 Types of IRM 40 Reasons for IRM 42 Medical Issues in IRM 44 Gender Issues in IRM 45 Planning for IRM 49 International Retirement Migration Policy 54 Scale and locations of IRM around the World 55 Domestic Retirement migration (DRM) Research 57 Effect of Domestic Retirement Migration on Host Communities 58 Economic Impacts 60 Environmental Impacts 61 Retirement Communities 63 Cape Coral, Florida 66 Policy and Guidelines for Retirement Migration Host Communities 69 Domestic Retirement Destination Planning 70 Second Homes Research 70 Environmental Impacts of Second Homes 71 6 Socio-Economic Impacts of Second Homes 73
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