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Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Denmark…………………………………………………………………………………

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Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Denmark………………………………………………………………………………… Innovative solutions for SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NITROGEN Conference proceedings © 2017 Aarhus University and the dNmark.org Research Alliance ISBN 978-87-93398-82-5 Reference: Dalgaard T, Olesen JE, Schjørring JK, Jensen LS, Vejre H, Andersen PS, Gundersen P, Jacobsen BH, Jensen JD, Hasler B, Termansen M, Hertel O, Brock S, Kronvang B, Svenning JC, Sigsgaard T, Hansen B, Thorling L, Højberg AL, Wiborg IA, Piil K, Kjeldsen C, Graversgaard M, Hutchings N, de Vries W, Christensen J and Mukendi T (2017) Innovative solutions for sustainable management of nitrogen. Proceedings from the International conference, Aarhus, Denmark, 25-28 June 2017, and the following United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen Meeting (TFRN-12), 29-30 June 2017. Aarhus University, Denmark. ISBN 978-87-93398-82-5. 142 p. Scientific editors: Tommy Dalgaard, Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology Jørgen E. Olesen, Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology Jan K. Schjørring, University of Copenhagen, Department of Agriculture and Ecology Lars Stoumann Jensen, University of Copenhagen, Department of Agriculture and Ecology Henrik Vejre, University of Copenhagen, Department of Geoscience, Natural Resources and Planning Peter Stubkjær Andersen, Department of Geoscience, Natural Resources and Planning Per Gundersen, University of Copenhagen, Department of Geoscience, Natural Resources and Planning Brian H. Jacobsen, University of Copenhagen, Institute of Food and Resource Economics Jørgen Dejgaard Jensen, University of Copenhagen, Institute of Food and Resource Economics Berit Hasler, Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Sciences Mette Termansen, Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Sciences Ole Hertel, Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Sciences Steen Brock, Aarhus University, Department of Culture and Society Brian Kronvang, Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience Jens-Christian Svenning, Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience Torben Sigsgaard, Aarhus University, Department of Public Health Birgitte Hansen, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Lærke Thorling, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Anker Lajer Højberg, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Irene A. Wiborg, SEGES, Knowledge Centre for Agriculture and Advisory Service Kristoffer Piil, SEGES, Knowledge Centre for Agriculture and Advisory Service Chris Kjeldsen, Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology Morten Graversgaard, Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology Nick Hutchings, Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology Wim de Vries, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands Technical editors, design and layout: Jytte Christensen and Therese Mukendi, Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology. Printed by Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. ISBN 978-87-93398-82-5. Preface At a pub in Edinburgh, right after the presentation of the European Nitrogen Assessment (2011) and the final conference of the www.NitroEurope.eu project, the idea of a Danish Nitrogen Research Alliance spawned. The group of Danish researchers gathered, saw the benefits from allying central Danish actors to facilitate a sustainable use of Nitrogen, and thanks to seed money from the Aarhus University Research Foundation a successful application for The Danish Research Council for Strategic Research, now Innovation Fund Denmark, was formulated. The Danish Nitrogen Research Alliance (www.dNmark.org) serves as a fruitful network for a range of actors, including researchers across multiple disciplines and institutions and a long list of private and public partners, investing significantly in the alliance. A central aim of the alliance is to share knowledge, both nationally and internationally, and we thank you for all these contributions, which are reflected in the present international conference (http://sustainablenconference.dnmark.org), and our collaborators in related international and national projects. With a total of 6 PhD and 7 post-doc projects, one of the main products of the dNmark.org research alliance is education and competence development for the next generation, in interaction with state of the art N research environments. With the current high focus on development of the bioeconomy, and a new paradigm for Nitrogen regulation in Denmark, to meet the standards of EU Directives and comply with local and transboundary pollution problems, the need for new knowledge has only increased during the lifetime of the alliance. Denmark as a case is especially interesting in an international perspective. The strong record with decades of research based solutions to the nitrogen pollution problem in combination with initiatives to facilitate a higher N efficiency and value creation in agriculture and food chains attracts interest, and serves as a basis for guidance to farmers and policy makers internationally. This include work under the UN Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen, and the annual meeting (TFRN-12) co-hosted with the present conference, and a defined need both in Denmark and internationally to find new solutions to a more sustainable use of nitrogen with co-benefits to the economy and for air, water, soil and climate protection. On this background, we welcome to the conference on “Innovative Solutions for Sustainable Management of Nitrogen”, as a starting point for further knowledge sharing and development. Tommy Dalgaard and Jørgen E. Olesen, Co-chairs of the www.dNmark.org Research Alliance and the http://sustainableNconference.dnmark.org scientific conference committee. Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, June 2017 3 4 Content: Plenaries: Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Denmark…………………………………………………………………………………. 13 Tommy Dalgaard, Steen Brock, Morten Graversgaard, Birgitte Hansen, Fatemeh Hashemi, Berit Hasler, Ole Hertel, Nicholas John Hutchings, Brian H. Jacobsen, Lars Stoumann Jensen, Chris Kjeldsen, Jørgen E. Olesen, Jan K. Schjørring, Torben Sigsgaard, Peter Stubkjær Andersen, Mette Termansen, Henrik Vejre, Mette Vestergaard Odgaard, Wim de Vries, Irene A. Wiborg New opportunities for increased N use efficiency in a circular economy……………………………………………. 17 Lars Stoumann Jensen The California Nitrogen Assessment: Learnings and Outcomes………………………………………………………….. 18 Thomas Tomich, Kate Scow, Randy Dahlgren, Sonja Brodt, Aubrey Thompson Nitrogen solution scenarios……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24 Jørgen E. Olesen, Morten Graversgaard, Tommy Dalgaard, Nicholas J. Hutchings, Jørgen D. Jensen Current water quality ambitions in many Dutch regions incompatible with intensive agriculture……….. 27 Hans JM van Grinsven, Albert Bleeker, Jan van Dam, Frank van Gaalen, Sonja Kruitwagen, Marian van Schijndel, Sietske van der Sluis, Aaldrik Tiktak, Roos den Uyl, Henk Westhoek Targeted regulation: A framework for Nitrogen Regulation. Cost-effectiveness, spatial distribution and policy trade-offs……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31 Berit Hasler, Brian H. Jacobsen, Mette Termansen Nitrogen and Health……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 32 Torben Sigsgaard, Birgitte Hansen, Ole Hertel Nitrogen Europe’s agri-food system and its consequences on environment and human health………….. 33 Adrian Leip, Susanna Kugelberg, Benjamin Bodirsky Nitrogen fluxes, impacts and boundaries at global and regional scale…………………………………………………. 34 Wim de Vries, Hans Kros Water quality policies at the crossroads between common targets and decentralized enforcement…… 35 Katarina Elofsson Mitigating ammonia emissions in the absence of government policy, the Canadian experience…………. 36 Shabtai Bittman, Derek Hunt New approaches for improved food chain N use efficiency…………………………………………………………………. 37 Oene Oenema The European Nitrogen Assessment 6 years after: What was the outcome and what are the future research challenges?................................................................................................................................. 40 Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, William J. Brownlie, Ute Skiba, W. Kevin Hicks, Wilfried Winiwarter, Hans van Grinsven, Albert Bleeker, Henk Westhoek, Oene Oenema, Wim de Vries, Adrian Leip, Markus Geupel, Susanna Kugelberg, Natalia Koslova, Sergei M. Lukin, Shabtai Bittman, Barbara Amon, Claudia M d S Cordovil14, Tommy Dalgaard Session A1: New technologies for improved N management Nitrogen losses following food-based digestate and compost applications to agricultural land…………… 50 Fiona Nicholson, Anne Bhogal, Laura Cardenas, Dave Chadwick, Tom Misselbrook, Alison Rollett, Matt Taylor, Rachel Thorman, John Williams Nitrogen turnover, crop use efficiency and soil fertility in a long-term field experiment amended with different qualities of urban and agricultural waste………………………………………………………………………………. 51 B. Gómez-Muñoz, J. Magid, L. S. Jensen 5 Monitoring maize N status with airborne and ground level sensors…………………………………………………….. 52 Miguel Quemada, Jose L. Gabriel, Pablo Zarco-Tejada, Juan López-Herrera, Enrique Pérez-Martín, Maria Alonso-Ayuso Canopy double sensor for precision nitrogen fertilization……………………………………………………………………. Anton Thomsen, Mathias N. Andersen 53 Session A2: Local N solutions Sustainable intensification and extensification of cropping system for biorefinery in Denmark-what does the nitrogen balance say?................................................................................................................. 54 Kiril Manevski, Poul E. Lærke, Uffe Jørgensen Development and implementation
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