DOCSLIB.ORG

Operative Dentistry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Operative Dentistry FOR FIRSTAID THE® NBDE Part II Jason E. Portnof, DMD, MD Chief Resident Division of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical College New York, New York Timothy Leung, MHSc, DMD, MD Resident Division of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical College New York, New York Series Editor Tao Le, MD, MHS Assistant Clinical Professor Chief, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky New York / Chicago / San Francisco / Lisbon / London / Madrid / Mexico City Milan / New Delhi / San Juan / Seoul / Singapore / Sydney / Toronto Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-159426-4 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-148253-9. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an edi- torial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more infor- mation, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it with- out McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADE- QUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: 10.1036/0071482539 PREFACE With First Aid for the NBDE Part II, we continue the First Aid commitment to providing students with the most useful and up-to-date exam preparation guides. This new addition to the First Aid series represents an outstanding effort by a talented group of authors and includes the following: ■ Frequently tested information and figures based on student experience. ■ High-yield images, diagrams, and tables. ■ Key Facts and helpful mnemonics. ■ A high-yield collection of glossy photos similar to those appearing on the NBDE Part II exam. ■ Case Studies and NBDE-style questions. This first edition would not have been possible without the help of the students and faculty members who contributed their feedback and suggestions. We invite you to share your thoughts and ideas with us via email at fi[email protected], to help us improve First Aid for the NBDE Part II Good luck on your boards! New York Jason E. Portnof New York Timothy Leung xi Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. For more information about this title, click here CONTENTS Contributors vii Faculty Reviewers ix Preface xi SECTION I GUIDE TO EFFICIENT EXAM PREPARATION 1 Introduction 3 SECTION II DATABASE OF HIGH-YIELD FACTS: DISCIPLINE-BASED COMPONENT 9 Operative Dentistry 11 Pharmacology 29 Prosthodontics 51 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 83 Orthodontics 121 Pediatric Dentistry 153 Endodontics 177 Periodontics 193 Radiology 239 Pathology 255 Patient Management, Public Health, and Ethics 325 SECTION III CASE-BASED COMPONENT 343 Case 1 345 Case 2 351 Case 3 357 Case 4 363 Case 5 369 Index 377 Color insert appears between pages 324 and 325. v EXAM PREPARATION EXAM GUIDE TO EFFICIENT TO GUIDE ᭤ INTRODUCTION TO THE NBDE PART II Passing the National Board Dental Examination (NBDE) Parts I and II is a basic requirement for initial dental licensure in the United States. Most den- tal students take the Part II exam during their final year of dental school. The National Board Dental Examination Part II is a comprehensive exam- ination that tests the material you have learned in both your preclinical and clinical years. The Part II examination comprises of 500 multiple choice test items in total. The basic structure of the NBDE Part II is divided into two sec- tions. The discipline-based component (Component A) consists of 400 items, and the case-based component (Component B) includes 100 items based on approximately 10 case problems. 70% of these Component B cases are based on adults and 30% deal with pediatric issues. The test has been developed so that 15% of Component B test questions will cover topics related to the man- agement of medically compromised adults and children. The clinical dental sciences tested in the NBDE Part II include operative dentistry, pharmacology, endodontics, periodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery and pain control, prosthodontics, orthodontics, pediatric dentistry and oral diagnosis, oral pathology/dental radiology, and patient management (behavioral science/dental public health and occupational safety). About 30% of the items tested in NBDE Part II will have references applicable to the basic sciences and 30% will be multidisciplinary. The test is no longer offered in a print format. However, the computerized NBDE Part II is offered all year-round by Thompson Prometric at Prometric Testing Centers. The examination must be scheduled on 2 consecutive days. Information about NBDE Part II format, eligibility, registration, and scoring can be found at www.ada.org ᭤ COMPUTER-BASED TESTING BASICS Candidates planning to take the NBDE Part II must submit an application and fee to the Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations. Once the application is processed, eligible test takers can register for the NBDE Part II testing appointment through Thompson Prometric (http://www.prometric. com) or by calling the Thompson Prometric National Registration Center 800- phone number. On the day of the exam, you will be required to bring two forms of identi- fication. One form of identity (ID) will require both a photograph and a sig- nature. Passports or drivers licenses are always acceptable forms of primary identification. The names on the IDs must match exactly with the name on the candidate’s Part II application file. The test taker should also know their Social Security or Social Insurance number. Candidates will be photographed and fingerprinted at the Prometric Test- ing Center. The test is administered under strict supervision and security. Prior to beginning the actual examination, the candidate is given the opportunity to take a brief tutorial. This will help familiarize the test taker with the computerized format. ᭤ DEFINING YOUR GOAL The first step you must take as an NBDE test-taker is define your individual goal for the examination. You can tailor your study style and intensity depend- ing on your performance goals. By determining how high you want to score 3 Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. on the exam, you can establish how much study time and preparation you will require. Dental students taking the NBDE Part II have varied goals and utilize var- ious different study techniques to meet these different goals. Determine your personal goal and define what is driving you toward that goal. GUIDE TO EFFICIENT TO GUIDE EXAM PREPARATION EXAM Your goal may depend on the specialty to which you plan on applying. Some specialty programs will require very competitive Part II board scores. Approaching senior dental students who have already undergone the applica- tion process can help you determine individual specialty requirements. You may also want to improve on previous scores in an effort to improve your application profile. ᭤ SCORING OF THE NBDE PART II The score of your NBDE Part II exam is dependent upon two factors. Your raw score (the number of correct answers you selected) and the score scale conver- sion for the examination.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Glossary for Narrative Writing
    Periodontal Assessment and Treatment Planning Gingival description Color: o pink o erythematous o cyanotic o racial pigmentation o metallic pigmentation o uniformity Contour: o recession o clefts o enlarged papillae o cratered papillae o blunted papillae o highly rolled o bulbous o knife-edged o scalloped o stippled Consistency: o firm o edematous o hyperplastic o fibrotic Band of gingiva: o amount o quality o location o treatability Bleeding tendency: o sulcus base, lining o gingival margins Suppuration Sinus tract formation Pocket depths Pseudopockets Frena Pain Other pathology Dental Description Defective restorations: o overhangs o open contacts o poor contours Fractured cusps 1 ww.links2success.biz [email protected] 914-303-6464 Caries Deposits: o Type . plaque . calculus . stain . matera alba o Location . supragingival . subgingival o Severity . mild . moderate . severe Wear facets Percussion sensitivity Tooth vitality Attrition, erosion, abrasion Occlusal plane level Occlusion findings Furcations Mobility Fremitus Radiographic findings Film dates Crown:root ratio Amount of bone loss o horizontal; vertical o localized; generalized Root length and shape Overhangs Bulbous crowns Fenestrations Dehiscences Tooth resorption Retained root tips Impacted teeth Root proximities Tilted teeth Radiolucencies/opacities Etiologic factors Local: o plaque o calculus o overhangs 2 ww.links2success.biz [email protected] 914-303-6464 o orthodontic apparatus o open margins o open contacts o improper
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Study Minimally Invasive Treatment of Infrabony Periodontal Defects Using Dual-Wavelength Laser Therapy
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Scholarly Research Notices Volume 2016, Article ID 7175919, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7175919 Clinical Study Minimally Invasive Treatment of Infrabony Periodontal Defects Using Dual-Wavelength Laser Therapy Rana Al-Falaki,1 Francis J. Hughes,2 and Reena Wadia2 1 Al-FaPerio Clinic, 48AQueensRoad,BuckhurstHill,EssexIG95BY, UK 2Department of Periodontology, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 21,TowerWingGuysHospital,LondonSE19RT, UK Correspondence should be addressed to Rana Al-Falaki; [email protected] Received 23 January 2016;Revised15 April 2016;Accepted26 April 2016 Academic Editor: Jiiang H. Jeng Copyright © 2016 Rana Al-Falaki et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction. Surgical management of infrabony defects is an invasive procedure, frequently requiring the use of adjunctive material such as grafs or biologics, which is time-consuming and associated with expense and morbidity to the patient. Lasers in periodontal regeneration have been reported in the literature, with each wavelength having potential benefts through diferent laser-tissue interactions. Te purpose of this case series was to assess the efcacy of a new dual-wavelength protocol in the management of infrabony defects. Materials and Methods. 32 defects (one in each patient) were treated using ultrasonic debridement, followed by fapless application of Erbium, Chromium:Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser (wavelength 2780 nm), and fnal application of diode laser (wavelength 940 nm). Pocket depths (PD) were measured afer 6 months and repeat radiographs taken afer one year.
    [Show full text]
  • International Magazine of Orthodontics 22017
    orthoissn 1868-3207 Vol. 2 • Issue 2/2017 international magazine of orthodontics 22017 technique Tongue star 2 (TS2) – System for rapid open bite closure case report Use of diode laser in the treatment of gingival enlargement during orthodontic treatment industry report Sensorimotor training with RehaBite during orthodontic treatment 4th ORTHOCAPS® SYMPOSIUM 1 & 2 DECEMBER 2017 MUNICH, GERMANY Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten Kempinski, Munich Attendance fee: 299€ (includes 19% VAT) Registration fee includes: - Lunch and coffee breaks - Get together on Friday Course Language: English, simultaneous French translation available GUEST SPEAKERS BOLDT, Florian - Germany FARINA, Achille - Italy FERNANDEZ, Enrique - Spain Symbiosis and Uses of 3D Six Keys to Successful My Experience with Techniques in Daily Practice Treatments with Orthocaps® Orthocaps® KALIA, Sonil - United Kingdom ROLLET, Daniel - France SOREL, Olivier - France WILMES, Benedict - Germany Bio-mechanical Principles with Functional Occlusion Smile Design & Stripping Expanding the Horizons of Orthocaps® and Aligners, Why Orthocaps®? Essentials Aligner Therapy with TADs Ortho Caps GmbH, An der Bewer 8, Hamm 59069 Tel: +49 (0) 2385 92190 Fax: +49 (0) 2385 9219080 Email: [email protected] www.orthocaps.de editorial Dear readers, When I began working in the field of orthodontics (in the Middle Ages!), it was very differ- ent from what I encounter today in my daily practice. This is normal: with the progression of research on biology, biomechanics and biomaterials, as well as with the development of the technology, results have increasingly been improving, as have treatment times, aesthe tics and patient comfort. There is another important aspect too that has completely changed our way of working: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Diagnosis: the Clinician's Guide
    Wright An imprint of Elsevier Science Limited Robert Stevenson House, 1-3 Baxter's Place, Leith Walk, Edinburgh EH I 3AF First published :WOO Reprinted 2002. 238 7X69. fax: (+ 1) 215 238 2239, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://www.elsevier.com). by selecting'Customer Support' and then 'Obtaining Permissions·. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7236 1040 I _ your source for books. journals and multimedia in the health sciences www.elsevierhealth.com Composition by Scribe Design, Gillingham, Kent Printed and bound in China Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix 1 The challenge of diagnosis 1 2 The history 4 3 Examination 11 4 Diagnostic tests 33 5 Pain of dental origin 71 6 Pain of non-dental origin 99 7 Trauma 124 8 Infection 140 9 Cysts 160 10 Ulcers 185 11 White patches 210 12 Bumps, lumps and swellings 226 13 Oral changes in systemic disease 263 14 Oral consequences of medication 290 Index 299 Preface The foundation of any form of successful treatment is accurate diagnosis. Though scientifically based, dentistry is also an art. This is evident in the provision of operative dental care and also in the diagnosis of oral and dental diseases. While diagnostic skills will be developed and enhanced by experience, it is essential that every prospective dentist is taught how to develop a structured and comprehensive approach to oral diagnosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Pattern of Third Molar Impaction; Correlation with Malocclusion And
    Pattern of Third Molar Impaction; Correlation with Malocclusion and Facial Growth SograYassaei1, Farhad O Wlia2, Zahra Ebrahimi Nik3 1Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 89195/165, Iran. 2Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.3Postgraduate student of orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 89195/165, Iran. Abstract Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the type of mandibular and maxillary third molar impaction in different malocclusions and facial growth patterns. Method and materials: In this descriptive cross sectional study, 364 impacted third molars of patients referring to the orthodontic department of Yazd University were assessed radio graphically. Also, the type of malocclusion and the facial growth pattern was determined by analyzing their lateral cephalograms. Collected data were entered to a computer and statistical tests (Chi-square) were carried out using SPSS16. Results: Significant correlation was found between the type of mandibular third molar impaction (based on Pell Gregory classification) and different types of malocclusion. Also, the dominant form of impaction (based on winter classification) among different types of facial growth pattern was the vertical one. Conclusion According to the results of this study, the vertical level of mandibular third molar impaction relative to the adjacent second molar impaction was statistically associated to the type of malocclusion. Also, we found no correlation between the M3s impaction and the type of facial growth pattern. Key Words: Third molar Impaction, Malocclusion, Facial growth pattern Introduction (2010) found higher incidence of mandibular M3s impaction The impacted tooth is one that fails to erupt into the dental in malocclusion class III [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Tutankhamun's Dentition: the Pharaoh and His Teeth
    Brazilian Dental Journal (2015) 26(6): 701-704 ISSN 0103-6440 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300431 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Tutankhamun’s Dentition: Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany The Pharaoh and his Teeth 2Institute of Egyptology/Egyptian Museum Georg Steindorff, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 3Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany Niels Christian Pausch1, Franziska Naether2, Karl Friedrich Krey3 Correspondence: Dr. Niels Christian Pausch, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Tel: +49- 341-97-21160. e-mail: niels. [email protected] Tutankhamun was a Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty (New Kingdom) in ancient Egypt. Medical and radiological investigations of his skull revealed details about the jaw and teeth status of the mummy. Regarding the jaw relation, a maxillary prognathism, a mandibular retrognathism and micrognathism have been discussed previously. A cephalometric analysis was performed using a lateral skull X-ray and a review of the literature regarding Key Words: Tutankhamun’s King Tutankhamun´s mummy. The results imply diagnosis of mandibular retrognathism. dentition, cephalometric analysis, Furthermore, third molar retention and an incomplete, single cleft palate are present. mandibular retrognathism Introduction also been discussed (11). In 1922, the British Egyptologist Howard Carter found the undisturbed mummy of King Tutankhamun. The Case Report spectacular discovery enabled scientists of the following In the evaluation of Tutankhamun’s dentition and jaw decades to analyze the Pharaoh's remains. The mummy alignment, contemporary face reconstructions and coeval underwent multiple autopsies. Until now, little was artistic images can be of further use. However, the ancient published about the jaw and dentition of the King.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Study of Dental Cements. VII. a Study of Bridge Retainers Luted with Three Different Dental Cements
    Clinical Study of Dental Cements. VII. A Study of Bridge Retainers Luted with Three Different Dental Cements RALPH G. SILVEY and GEORGE E. MYERS Crown and Bridge Department, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA In a clinical study of three luting cements, the restoration could be examined for 547 bridges and 162 crowns were per- looseness. The restoration was recorded as manently cemented. Patzents were recalled successful if no looseness was detected. Pa- at 6-month intervals and the restorations tients were told to report at once should were examined for looseness. A pattern of any unusual signs or symptoms arise. retainer type, cement type and retainer success was demonstrable. Results Table 1 illustrates the rate of success of J Dent Res 57(5-6):703-707, May-June 1978. all single restorations evaluated during the study and also shows the success rate of A previous report' discussed the success each type of restoration relative to the ce- rate of three luting cements used on 547 ment used. bridges and 162 crowns. Using data col- Table 2 gives the rate of success for lected in the same study, the success rate of bridge retainers. Since a bridge generally the different types of luted retainers with consists of two or more retainers for each those cements was determined and is here- in reported. restoration and the failure of one retainer results in the failure of the restoration, no recognition is given to the retainers that re- Materials and Methods main luted in place when just restoration A description of the materials and failures are recorded.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Dental Trauma in a Primary Care Setting Abstract
    Guidance for the Clinician in Rendering Pediatric Care CLINICAL REPORT Management of Dental Trauma in a Primary Care Setting Martha Ann Keels, DDS, PhD, and THE SECTION ON ORAL abstract HEALTH The American Academy of Pediatrics and its Section on Oral Health have KEY WORDS developed this clinical report for pediatricians and primary care physi- dental trauma, dental injury, tooth, teeth, dentist, pediatrician cians regarding the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of dental ABBREVIATION trauma in children aged 1 to 21 years. This report was developed CT—computed tomography through a comprehensive search and analysis of the medical and den- This document is copyrighted and is property of the American tal literature and expert consensus. Guidelines published and updated Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors have filed conflict of interest statements with the American by the International Association of Dental Traumatology (www.dental- Academy of Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved through traumaguide.com) are an excellent resource for both dental and non- a process approved by the Board of Directors. The American dental health care providers. Pediatrics 2014;133:e466–e476 Academy of Pediatrics has neither solicited nor accepted any commercial involvement in the development of the content of this publication. The guidance in this report does not indicate an exclusive INTRODUCTION course of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be By 14 years of age, 30% of children have experienced a dental injury.1 appropriate. Many of these children are taken directly to their medical home, an urgent care center, or an emergency department for evaluation and treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Establishment of a Dental Effects of Hypophosphatasia Registry Thesis
    Establishment of a Dental Effects of Hypophosphatasia Registry Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jennifer Laura Winslow, DMD Graduate Program in Dentistry The Ohio State University 2018 Thesis Committee Ann Griffen, DDS, MS, Advisor Sasigarn Bowden, MD Brian Foster, PhD Copyrighted by Jennifer Laura Winslow, D.M.D. 2018 Abstract Purpose: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a metabolic disease that affects development of mineralized tissues including the dentition. Early loss of primary teeth is a nearly universal finding, and although problems in the permanent dentition have been reported, findings have not been described in detail. In addition, enzyme replacement therapy is now available, but very little is known about its effects on the dentition. HPP is rare and few dental providers see many cases, so a registry is needed to collect an adequate sample to represent the range of manifestations and the dental effects of enzyme replacement therapy. Devising a way to recruit patients nationally while still meeting the IRB requirements for human subjects research presented multiple challenges. Methods: A way to recruit patients nationally while still meeting the local IRB requirements for human subjects research was devised in collaboration with our Office of Human Research. The solution included pathways for obtaining consent and transferring protected information, and required that the clinician providing the clinical data refer the patient to the study and interact with study personnel only after the patient has given permission. Data forms and a custom database application were developed. Results: The registry is established and has been successfully piloted with 2 participants, and we are now initiating wider recruitment.
    [Show full text]
  • Saving Smiles Avulsion Pathway (Page 20) Saving Smiles: Fractures and Displacements (Page 22)
    Greater Manchester Local Dental Network SavingSmiles Improving outcomes following dental trauma First Edition I Spring 2017 Practitioners’ Toolkit Contents 04 Introduction to the toolkit from the GM Trauma Network 06 History & examination 10 Maxillo-facial considerations 12 Classification of dento-alveolar injuries 16 The paediatric patient 18 Splinting 20 The AVULSED Tooth 22 The BROKEN Tooth 23 Managing injuries with delayed presentation SavingSmiles 24 Follow up Improving outcomes 26 Long term consequences following dental trauma 28 Armamentarium 29 When to refer 30 Non-accidental injury 31 What should I do if I suspect dental neglect or abuse? 34 www.dentaltrauma.co.uk 35 Additional reference material 36 Dental trauma history sheet 38 Avulsion pathways 39 Fractues and displacement pathway 40 Fractures and displacements in the primary dentition 41 Acknowledgements SavingSmiles Improving outcomes following dental trauma Ambition for Greater Manchester Introduction to the Toolkit from The GM Trauma Network wish to work with our colleagues to ensure that: the GM Trauma Network • All clinicians in GM have the confidence and knowledge to provide a timely and effective first line response to dental trauma. • All clinicians are aware of the need for close monitoring of patients following trauma, and when to refer. The Greater Manchester Local Dental Network (GM LDN) has established a ‘Trauma Network’ sub-group. The • All settings have the equipment described within the ‘armamentarium’ section of this booklet to support optimal treatment. Trauma Network was established to support a safer, faster, better first response to dental trauma and follow up care across GM. The group includes members representing general dental practitioners, commissioners, To support GM practitioners in achieving this ambition, we will be working with Health Education England to provide training days and specialists in restorative and paediatric dentistry, and dental public health.
    [Show full text]
  • Hyperdontia: 3 Cases Reported Dentistry Section
    Case Report Hyperdontia: 3 Cases Reported Dentistry Section SUJATA M. BYAHATTI ABSTRACT In some cases, there appears to be a hereditary tendency for A supernumerary tooth may closely resemble the teeth of the the development of supernumerary teeth. A supernumerary group to which it belongs, i.e molars, premolars, or anterior tooth is an additional entity to the normal series and is seen in all teeth, or it may bear little resemblance in size or shape to the quadrants of the jaw. teeth with which it is associated. It has been suggested that The incidence of these teeth is not uncommon. Different variants supernumerary teeth develop from a third tooth bud which of supernumerary teeth are discussed and reviewed in detail in arises from the dental lamina near the permanent tooth bud, the following article. or possibly from the splitting of the permanent tooth bud itself. Key Words: Supernumerary teeth, Mesiodens, Upper distomolar INTRODUCTION The extraction of these teeth is a general rule for avoiding A supernumerary tooth (or hyperodontia) is defined as an increase complications [15]. Nevertheless, some authors such as Koch in the number of teeth in a given individual, i.e., more than 20 et al [20] do not recommend the extractions of impacted teeth in deciduous or temporary teeth and over 32 teeth in the case of the children under 10 years of age, since in this particular age group, permanent dentition [1], [2]. such procedures often require general anaesthesia. Kruger [21] considers that the extraction of supernumerary teeth should be Supernumerary teeth are a rare alteration in the development of postponed until the apexes of the adjacent teeth have sealed.
    [Show full text]
  • A Retrospective Cephalometric Study of the Effect of the Frankel Appliance, the Clarktwin Block and the Activator on Class II Di
    Y \'?'t\'<{"[ A RETROSPECTIVE CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY OF THE EFFECT oF THE rnÄNrnt-, APPLTANcE, THE CLARI( T\MIN BLOCK AND THE ACTIVATOR ON CLASS II DIVISION 1 PATIENTS ***l* A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment for the Degree of Master of Dental Surgery by Con Laparidis Dental School Faculty of Health Sciences University Of Adelaide South Australia 1999 Tnsre or CoNrexts 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 List of Tables............. 5 List of Figures .......... 9 Summary T3 I AIMS t6 2. LITERATURE REVIEV/.............. t7 2. 1 Introduction......... t7 2.2 Summary of adolescent growth changes 18 2.3 Comparison between "normals" and Class II patterns '. 26 2.4 Functional appliance effects.... 27 2.5 Conclusion......... 68 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS .... 69 3.1 Selection of sample........ 69 3.2 Radiography 72 3.3 Tracing technique 74 3.4 Superimposition technique...... 75 3.5 Computerised cephalometrics and digitising 78 3.6 Reference points. 79 3.7 Thevariables 82 3.8 Statistical analyses.............. 84 3.9 Errors of the method............. 87 4. RESULTS 90 4.1 The error study 90 4.2 Pre-freatment ages and treatment times......... 96 4.3 Sex comparisons of pre-treatment hard and soft tissue variables ..........97 4.4 Sex comparisons of post-treatnent hard and soft tissue variables....... 104 4.5 Hard and soft tissue treatment changes for the activator, the Clark Twin Block and the Fråinkel .... TABLE OF CONTENTS J 4.6 Sex comparisons in treatrnent changes..... '..'.. 118 4.7 Comparison of different appliances: two'way analysis of variance .. 118 4.8 Comparison of different applainces: one-way analysis of variance ...12t 4.9 Comparison to published controls....
    [Show full text]